The Hindenburg Reading Passage, ***TEAS READING, ***TEAS SCIENCE, Teas Review, Reading teas version 6, The Titanic Reading Passage, Bumblebees Reading passage, Teas Test Reading, TEAS 6th Edition (Reading), Travel Reading Passage Vocabulary, Teas Exa...

Exclamation point

(!) Sentence Express extreme emotion

Colon

(:) used when a longer phase is necessary or to emphasize a word in a sentence.

Anecdote

- a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person

expository passage

- aim to inform and enlighten readers; the goal is to teach

glossary

- an alphabetical list of important words and their definitions; at the end of a book

counter arguments

- arguments made in response to original arguments, usually presenting an opposing viewpoint

table of contents

- at beginning; lists different subjects/chapters titles with page numbers

index

- at the end of nonfiction book - contains information about specific topics - listed alphabetically, and gives page numbers where specific information can be found in the book

bold text and underlining

- bold texts indicates importance or key words in textbooks - underlining serves a similar purpose, often used to suggest emphasis; also used on titles of books, magazines, and works of art

cause and effect

- cause is and act or event that makes something happen - effect is the thing that happens as a result of the cause - consequently, therefore, this lead(s)

pie chart

- chart that shows the relationship of a part to a whole

simile

- compares two things using "like" or "as" - the sun was like an orange; eager as a beaver

denotative meaning

- literal meaning of a word

Gallbladder

...

Persuasive/argumentative strong opinion words and phrases

1. In the first place, it is my belief 2. Without a doubt, all that to the side 3. Undoubtedly, from my point of view 4. Unquestionably, I question whether

Informational

1. Include section heading, that might appear in bold or underline type 2. Include bullets or numbered lists, short phrases that might not be complete sentences, images with captions, maps and diagrams.

Problem solution (persuasive type)

1. Introduction of the problem being addressed 2. A description of the problem 3. A plausible solution to the problem 4. Closing that challenges the reader to take action

Bias

1. Tendency toward preconceived idea 2. Preferential viewpoint that often does not allow for impartial or objective discussion 3. Writer uses emotional charged word choice and figurative language 4. Writer purposely omits facts due to a usual lack of validation

Cause and effect

1. The CAUSE is why something happens 2. The EFFECT is what happened

Compare/contrast

1. To COMPARE is to find similarities 2. To contrast is To identify differences

How many gates lead into the park?

18

Library media specialist

A Library employee who helps patrons find media sources

Reason

A basic or fact to support an idea

Reason

A basis of fact to support an idea

Reason

A basis or fact to support an idea

Argumentative

A contentious tone

Genre

A group of related writings or other media

Genre

A group of related writings or other media, music, books, poems. Examples of a GENRE of writing include: Fiction, Non-fiction, science-fiction, prose

stereotype

A generalized belief about a group of people, race, religion, etc. Common Stereotypes Racial Profiling One of the more common stereotype examples is stereotypes surrounding race. For example, saying that all Blacks are good at sports is a stereotype, because it's grouping the race together to indicate that everyone of that race is a good athlete. Gender Profiling There are also some common stereotypes of men and women, such as: Men are strong and do all the work. Men are the "backbone." Women aren't as smart as a man. Women can't do as good of a job as a man. Girls are not good at sports. Guys are messy and unclean. Men who spend too much time on the computer or read are geeks. Cultures Stereotypes also exist about cultures an countries as a whole. Stereotype examples of this sort include the premises that: All white Americans are obese, lazy, and dim-witted. Homer Simpson of the TV series The Simpsons is the personification of this stereotype. Mexican stereotypes suggest that all Mexicans are lazy and came into America illegally. All Arabs and Muslims are terrorists. All people who live in England have bad teeth. Italian or French people are the best lovers. All Blacks outside of the United States are poor. All Jews are greedy. All Asians are good at math. All Asians like to eat rice and drive slow. All Irish people are drunks and eat potatoes. All Americans are generally considered to be friendly, generous, and tolerant, but also arrogant, impatient, and domineering. Groups of Individuals A different type of stereotype also involves grouping of individuals. Skaters, Goths, Gangsters, and Preps are a few examples. Most of this stereotyping is taking place in schools. For example: Goths wear black clothes, black makeup, are depressed and hated by society. Punks wear mohawks, spikes, chains, are a menace to society and are always getting in trouble. All politicians are philanders and think only of personal gain and benefit. Girls are only concerned about physical appearance. All blonds are unintelligent. All librarians are women who are old, wear glasses, tie a high bun, and have a perpetual frown on their face. All teenagers are rebels. All children don't enjoy healthy food. Only anorexic women can become models. The elderly have health issues and behave like children.

Opinion

A personal statement or feeling that cannot be proven

opinion

A personal view, attitude, or appraisal.

Editorial

A persuasive piece of writing where the writer has an opinion about the subject.

Glossary

A place in the back of the book that gives the definitions or tell the meaning of certain words in the book.

Classified

A print advertisement selling or soliciting something

Anthology

A published collection of related works

Query

A question

Prediction

A reader's guess of events to come

appendix

A section or table at the end of a book

Declarative sentence

A sentence that states a fact or idea

Argument

A set of reasons to make a case for an idea

Appropriate source

A source that can be trusted

Comprehension

Ability to understand

flammable

Able to catch fire easily

Time and sequential words and phrases of narrative writing

Abruptly, from this point, on the next occasion, after a few days, this instant, not long ago, gradually, until now, previously, instantly, sporadically, recently

Identify key points

After finding the topic ask What am i reading about? And What is important to know about it? The author provides key points

Expository Writing

Aims to inform and explain Nonfiction Teaches you about something Organizing words - First, next, for example Talks about something very specific Often research-oriented Exposes a topic or subject Sequential writing An informational text about a King or Queen that includes dates in chronological order. Example: Research papers An essay about the nursing field "How to" or process essays Descriptive essays Cause and effect essays Descriptive writing - shows how to understand and know the topic. problem/Solution Writing - State the problem and the ways how to solve this problem. Cause/Effect Writing - Demonstrates relationship between 2 or more events. Compare/Contrast Writing - Demonstrate how some things differ from each other or how they are alike. Directions, scientific articles and other texts that follow the cause-effect structure. Recipes, biographies, history texts that follow some definite chronology. Speeches (mostly political) and other types of texts that are based on the pros versus cons structure. Some newspaper articles that provide detailed descriptions of events. Medical and scientific texts that follow the problem-solution structure. Speeches for debates and other events that are based on the position-reason structure. In general, expository essays can be characterized by lack of descriptive elements and simple structure. They must be based on facts and require extensive research of the subject. IMPORTANT: A recipe is considered expository when it explains the right way to cook something and gives detailed steps on how to cook something.

autobiography

An account of a person's life written by that person

Forum

An online message board

B *The purpose is to inform, so B shows how they can enforce the rules stated in the memo

Answer 48

Reason

Answers why to a claim. It gives the reader more clarification as to why the reader should agree or understand the claim

Reason

Answers why to any claim

Why was Central Park important to people in NYC?

Anyone coiuld go there

Persuasive Writing

Appeals to the emotions Contains bias Makes an argument to change the mind of the reader Has a strong thesis sentence that can be argued Anything that attempts to make you, the reader, believe or feel a certain way about some topic.

Narrative

Appear in stories or poetry

Infer

Applying logic (experience) to facts and evidence coupled with recognizing the context clues provided

Cultural mores

Are informal moral or ethical standards

Chronological

Arranged in order by time, typically dates or literal time. Events happen in order of the time. King Henry passage is chronological. Expository passages are usually chronological

Rephrase key points

Ask how do these points illustrate the topic sentence?

Conclusion

Ask the reader to analyze and make a decision based on predictions, details, evidence, and results

1.3 prep

Ask whats the topic Whats the authors main idea about the topic Then examine the supporting detail provided bu the author and how they relate to the main idea * be aware of the placement of the topic semsentence and practice identifying the points an author makes Topic answers the question who or what is this about? Appear near in the beginning kf the paragraph and it include the main idea Supporting detail develop thru explanation, elaboration or clarification

Gas

Assumes volume and shape of its container

Summary Sentence

At the end of passage. Sums up the passage often by restating the main idea and the author's key evidence supporting it.

Hydrogen bonding

Atom of a molecule interacts with a hydrogen atom in the same area

Covalent bonding

Atoms that share electrons

answer:

B) a folk tale

answer:

B) a history textbook

answer:

B) an automated clothing machine that fits in the back of a truck and can produce complete outfits in minutes from designs created on its computer, greatly reducing the time needed to create custom tailored outfits for consumers

answer:

B) given paines contributions to america, he deserves recognition as one of our most important founding fathers

Classified advertisements

Blogs, forums, online newspaper, magazines

Connective Tissue

Bone, cartilage, adipose, and blood

Roots

Building blocks of all words. Every word contains a root.

What is "The Dakota"?

Built in 1884, expensive apartment builing, John Lennon was killed there

Figurative

By a figure of speech, usually a metaphor

Figurative

By a figure of speech, usually metaphor

Both print and nonprint sources expresses themes

By repetition and prominence

answer:

C) expository expository meaning the intent to explain or describe something

answer:

C) formal education is better than informal education

answer:

C) paragraph 3

6. Notice where and when the writer states an opinion.

CIRCLE IT!

Narrative Writing

Can be fiction or non-fiction Tells a story Must have a plot Has Characters Figurative language is included uses metaphors very descriptive Is often used to entertain Are usually poetry, anecdotes, short stories, and use chronological order.

Positive/Negative Clues

Can tell you whether a word has a positive or negative meaning

What is a forebrain consist of?

Cerebrum Thalamus and Hypothalamus

Mitosis: Metaphase

Chromosomes align at the metaphase

Meiosis: Metaphase II

Chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate

Pie chart

Circle divided into sectors that each represent a portion of the whole

Simile

Comparison between unlike things using like or as

Childlike

Connotation- immature

Youthful

Connotation- lively, energetic

Card catalog

Contain the title of the work, name of the author, year of publication, publisher, number of pages and reference number in the Library of Congress

Situational Context

Context that is presented by the setting or circumstances in which a word or phrase occurs.

Photosynthesis

Conversion of sunlight into energy in plant cells, occur in some bacteria and protists

Edit

Correct errors in a piece of writing

False dichotomy

Create an artificial sense that there are only two possible alternative in a situation, limiting the reader's opinion and Imagination

Meiosis: Telophase I

Cytokinesis has occurred and now 2 haploid daughter cells

answer:

D) a playwright is inspired to write beautiful plays about the destitution and difficulties of his childhood, and becomes widely acclaimed as the greatest writer of his genereation

answer:

D) one block east, three blocks north

which part of the astronauts suit helps astronauts breathe properly?

D) primary Life support subsystem

Chromosomes

DNA exist in the nucleus of a cell, in Rod shaped structure

Mitosis: Anaphase

Daughter chromosomes separate

Solid

Definite volume and shape

Denotation

Definition

Lysozyme

Degrades bacterial cell walls and causes them to lyse or burst

Delineate

Describe precisely

Adverb

Describing verb, typically ends in ly. Ex. When Where How Why

Adjective

Describing word. Ex. Which one What kind How many

Caption

Description of a figure of graphic

Caption

Description of a figure or graphic

Map

Diagrammatic representation of an area showing cities, roads, and other sites

Denotative meaning

Dictionary definition

Denotative meaning of a word

Dictionary definition

Finding the Authors Point of View

Discern between fact and opinion, biases, tone and stereotypes

Identify

Distinguish a particular idea

identify

Distinguish a particular idea

authors point of view

Do they give you all the information or only the picture they can see because of their own point of view? topic: capital punishment author in favor would sound like; capital punishment, fair rigorous justice, terrible criminal. author against; death sentence, wrongful, conviction might send innocent people to their deaths. strong emotion: trying to pursuade

primary sources

Documentary evidence closest to the subject being studied. (Firsthand records of events, theories, opinions, or actions. In the form of either published or unpublished documents.)

1. Focus on the big picture.

Don't get bogged down in details, find the PURPOSE.

What is special about the metal plates on the lamp posts in Central Park?

Each has 4 numbers - first two tell nearest cross-road, second two tell lamp post number

Who sculpted Angel of the Waters statue?

Emma Stebbins

3 Domains

Eukarya Archaea (Prokaryotes) Bacteria (Prokaryotes)

Chronological

Events in an order in which they happen and requires a time element

Chapter 8: European Politics 1. Scandinavian Government A. danish B. swedish C. norwegian D. _________

Examine the headings above. which of the following is a reasonable heading to insert in the blank spot? A) Finnish B) Germanic C) Celtic D) Croatian

Rephrase

Explain an idea in different words

Analysis

Explains how the evidence is supporting the claim and wraps up the paragraph.

Technical Writing

Explains something (product manual, directions)

Procedural signal words

First, then, second Second, finally, now Next, while, when, Last, before, after

Sequential signal words

First, then, second, at the beginning Second, finally, now, prior to ,Next, while ,when, afterward ,Last, before, after, subsequently

Signal words (sequential)

First, then, second, at the beginning, finally, now, prior to, next, while, when, afterward, last, before, after, and subsequently

Words and phrases for procedure

First, to begin with, next, accordingly, then, last, in closing, to finish

Primary Source

Firsthand document or source closest to the creator. Photos, diaries, ancient artifacts, letters, speeches, newspapers, reporters, witnesses, archives and manuscript material photographs, audio recordings, video recordings, films journals, letters and diaries speeches scrapbooks published books, newspapers and magazine clippings published at the time government publications oral histories records of organizations autobiographies and memoirs printed ephemera artifacts, e.g. clothing, costumes, furniture research data, e.g. public opinion polls

Sequential

Following a set of order

Sequential

Following a set order

Sequential

Following a set order (Fixed order), logical pattern

Sequential

Following a set orders E.g First Second Finally

Signal Words for Supporting Details

For example Specifically In addition Furthermore For instance Others In particular Some

memorandum

Form of written communication Usually for business purposes written formally Heading with author, date, recipient Short, straight to the point.

Modes

Forms of writing

Personification

Giving human attributes to something nonhuman

Line graph

Graph that presents numerical information by using a line

Bar graph

Graph that represents numerical information by the length of lines or rectangles

Table

Graphic that organizes and displays information

Compass rose

Graphic that shows directions on a map

Aesthetic

Guiding principles of a piece of work

hydrogen gas

H2 Colorless and odorless. Burns rapidly with oxygen from the air.

Why is the mall also called the cathedral?

Had Gothic features: columns and side aisles, ribbed vaults, nave

Descriptive writing

Has a unique power and appeal, as it evokes sights, smells, sounds, textures, and tastes. Describes things physically and uniquely.

3rd Person

He, She, It, They, Him, Her, Them, Her, His, Theirs

Text features

Headings, subheadings, italicized or boldfaced words

Meiosis: Anaphase I

Homologous pairs separate

Word origin

How a word came to its current use and meaning

Word of Origin

How a word came to its current use of meaning

Representation

How something is expressed

Representative

How something is expressed

What influenced Olmsted and Vaux's plan for Central Park?

Hudson River School of Painters

1st Person

I, We, Us, Mine, Ours

Where is Invasive BP use?

ICU, anesthesiology, research

Key ideas

Ideas that support controlling idea

To EXPLAIN something... -So if you see to explain as an answer choice for a purpose question, this is a good indictor that may be the correct answer (should still explore other answer choices just in case)

If a passage is written in an Expository style, then the authors main purpose would be?

Visual information

Image such as a chart, graphic, or map used to present information

Connotations

Implied meaning and the emotion a word evokes in the reader.

Chronological

In order by time

Chronological

In order by time. e.g. Today, always , last year

Strong Opinion signal words

In the first place, It is my belief that, Without a doubt, All that to the side, From my point of view, I question whether

1.2 identify key term

Include sequence ir chronology, descriptive word and phrases and words that convey value judgment and opinion Can provide implicit and explicit info

Contrast Clues

Include the opposite meaning of a word. Words like: but, on the other hand, and however are tip-offs that a sentence contains a contrast clue

Imply

Indicare an idea subtly without specifically stating it

Imply

Indicate an idea subtly without specifically stating it

Imply

Indicate an idea without specifically stating it

Conjunction

Indicate the relationship between the elements that are joined. Ex. Then, thus and however; also and, but, or, so, nor, yet.

A method of arriving at general principles from specific facts.

Inductive reasoning

Technical

Is following steps to complete something

A history textbook

Is secondary source

Conclusion

It involves taking facts in a text and extending them logically to deduce important ideas and other forms of information.

simple epithelium

It is found in body structures were absorption, secretion, and filtration occur.

Who carved the Ballustrade Carvings?

Jacob Mould

Where is the 'License plate' on carriages?

Left front hoof

Support

Lend credibility to an idea

Library online

Library online catalog provides information about how to locate a specific book, therefore includes copyright information

Sequence

Logical order in writing

1.2 preparation

Look for key terms and those info about events that lead to a particular conclusion Ask what can i infer based on what i've just read?

5. Read for contrast

Look for these words: although, appears, but, despite, even though, however, etc.

Fiction

Made-up text

Where is Central Park located?

Manhattan - Between Upper East and Upper West Sides - 59th-110th Street

Legend

Map feature that explains symbols and other elements

Legend

Map feature that explains symbols and other elements .

Who was the famous photographer who took pictures of Central Park's location?

Matthew Brady

Secondary Source

Might address the same topic as primary source but provides extra commentary or analysis. Can be written by people not directly involved in the events.

Adrenal cortex

Monitor blood sugar level, helps in lipid and protein metabolism

Connotative meaning of a word

More complex and is combination of the words definition and it's suggested meaning based on context and emotions or associations evoked by a word the word "discipline" has unhappy connotations of punishment and repression

Digestive system components

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestinet

Skeletal system functions

Movement Mineral storage Support Protection Blood cell formation

The Greek one

Narrative

UFO

Narrative

What kind of passage is UFO?

Narrative

third person limited

Narrator sees the world through only one characters eyes and thoughts. Uses "he/she"

Context

Nearby text that influenced understanding

Context

Nearby text that influences understanding

Irrelevant

Not applicable to the idea

irrelevant

Not applicable to the idea

A topic sentence

Not too specific or too general

Site of DNA replication and RNA transcription?

Nucleus

Degrees of Separation

Number of steps removed from an origin

Degrees of separation

Number of steps removed from an origin

Degrees of seperation

Number of steps removed from an origin (of primary source document)

1.2 infer the logical conclusion from a reading selection

Objective 1) use inference based in info given 2) identify key term justifying the events selected 3) assemble events identified and associated with the inferred info to draw a conclusion

1.3 identify the topic Main idea Supporting detail

Objective Determine the topic Determine the main idea Explain the main idea

Identify the topic

Or find the subject of the passage or text Noun or noun phrase Ex arteries, alleles

Epidermis

Outermost layer regulate the amount of water lost to the body's surroundings

Nouns

Person, place, things, animals, objects, time feeling, concepts and actions

Point of view

Perspective

Social Media P

Persuasion

What kind of passage is Social Media?

Persuasive

What kind of passage is The robbery passage?

Persuasive

What kind of passage is the Casino passage?

Persuasive

Chlorophyll

Pigment that absorbs light

What statue is on Millionaire's Row?

Pomona - Goddess of Abundance

3 Main Parts Of A Word

Prefix--Root--Suffix

Bias

Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group

Bias

Prejudice in favor of or against one thing,person, or group compared with another e.g a person interviewing people for a job may be bias and choose to employ his friend over the a better candidate .

Publication

Printing or distribution of a text

Publication

Printing or distribution of text

Procedure

Process for writing, editing and revision

Procedure

Process for writing, editing, and revision

Examples of Procedure

Process for writing, edition, and revision

stereotypes

Promotes negative generalizations about people. (oversimplified opinions, that do not account for individual differences, about an entire group of people or things.)

Valid

Proven as true

Professional journal

Published periodical texts that represent a specific industry

Peer- reviewed journal

Published writings that have been analyzed by experts

Peer-reviewed journal

Published writings that have been analyzed by experts in the field

peer-reviewed journal

Published writings that have been analyzed by experts in the field

Indentation

Quotation from another work

Scale

Ratio of distance expressed to actual measurement

Scale

Ration of distance expressed to actual measurement

Secondary sources

Second hand account of an historical event. E.g text book, newspaper ,biographies

Secondary source

Secondhand account of events

Style guide

Set of conventions and standards for a type of writing

Style guide

Set of conversations and standards for a type of writing

Evidence

Shows facts, details or examples -what the claim looks like

Evidence

Shows what the claim looks like, it supports the claim with facts or details.

Stereotype

Simplified categorization of an idea or person based on convention

Stereotypes

Simplified categorization of an idea or person based on conversation e.g Characteristics imposed on their race, nationality and sexual orientation.

Meiosis: Anaphase II

Sister chromatids separate

Critical reading skills

Skills that allow you to analyze and judge the credibility of a text and the author's intention

Epithelial tissue

Skin tissue

Epithelial Tissue

Skin: Provides covering Sebaceous glands: Produce secretions

How did "The Dakota" get its name?

So far noth in the city - "Might as well be in the Dakota Territory"

Topic

Subject of a text

Topic

Subject of text

Inference

Suggest an idea by detail and evidence in the passage

Assumption

Supposition of an unstated idea

Sudoriferous glands

Sweat glands responsible for excretion of water and minerals, such as sodium chloride and magnesium

Prefixes

Syllables added to the beginning of the word

Suffixes

Syllables added to the end of the word

Narrative

Telling a story and entertain

Narrative Writing

Tells a story (novel, short story, play)

Bias

Tendency toward a preconceived idea

Who repairs the carriages in Central Park?

The Amish in PA

What is the one pomenade with a straight walking path?

The Mall

Problem-Solution

The author presents a problem then discusses a solution.

Comparison-Contrast

The author presents two situations and then discusses the similarities and differences

Cause-Effect

The author presents two situations then discusses the resulting effects.

Opinion

The author's personal thoughts or feelings which cannot be proved or disproved the way a fact can. Opinions in the TEAS may not be obvious. When asked which answer is an opinion, check to see if the anwers can be proved or disproved. If it can't, then the answer is an opinion.

Tone

The author's voice and attitude toward the topic

Point of View

The authors perspective on the writing

Logic

The framework of reasoning used to understand ideas

Topic

The general subject of the matter addresses in the passage. A passage regarding key battles of the Civil War might address the topic of history (very general), military conflict (more specific), or Civil War battles (very specific). *Topic sentences* are introductory sentences that incapsulate the main idea to be developed in that paragraph or passage (thesis statement)

Audience

The intended consumers of information

Controlling Idea

The main idea of a text

Controlling idea

The main idea of a text

Controlling ideas

The main idea of a text

Condensation

The phase change in a substance from a gaseous form to a liquid form

Locating Information

The process of determining the most appropriate sources and finding specific information

Main Idea

The purpose behind why a writer would choose to write a book, article, story etc..

Author's purpose or authorial intent

The reason a particular piece of text was written

Authorial intent

The reason an author creates a text

Topic

The subject of the passage.

connotative meaning

The suggested meaning of a word. It adds a little more meaning to the exact meaning and is something you can imply. Questioning - can mean being nosy or interested

Social structure

The system and relationships between groups of society

SummarySentence/Topic Sentence

The topic is the general subject of a paragraph or essay. Topics are simple and are described with just a word or a phrase. The main idea is a complete sentence; it includes the topic and what the author wants to say about it. If the author states the main idea in his paragraph it is called a "topic sentence." -A TOPIC SENTENCE is a sentence in the introduction that tells the reader what your PAPER will be all about. In other words, it gives them a look into your TOPIC. Ex: Example: Thanksgiving is a widely-celebrated holiday. This tells the reader that your paper will be all about Thanksgiving.

Figurative Language

The use of a word to imply something other than the word's literal definition

Rhetoric

The use of elements of language

Rhetoric

The use of elements of language. Language designed to have a persuasive or impressive effect on its audience

How did people feel about skyscrapers on the horizon of Central Park?

They didn't like it! (Now they don't care)

2. Pay close attention to the first and last paragraphs.

They give great clues to the PURPOSE

historical contexts

This means that the time and place in which the piece was written will influence the work in some way.

Ellipsis

Three periods at the beginning of the sentence, the middle of a sentence or four periods at the end of a sentence.

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Three types of muscle tissue

Persuasive

To persuade someone to do or believe something through reasoning or the use of temptation

Chronological signal words

Today, yesterday, later, now, last year ,Always, rarely, often, never, seldom, All year, all season, all day, since, one day

number of cells and cell shape.

Two criteria of epithelial tissues

Imperative sentence

Type of command or request

Liquid

Volume remains constant but it assumes shape of its container

Why is water neutrality

Water PH of 7

Text structure

Way in which text is organized

Structure

Ways of logically organizing ideas

Structures

Ways of logically organizing ideas

Search engine

Website to locate information online

Hydrologic cycle

When warm air containing water vapor rise and then cools

Nucleus

Where is DNA located?

What is the Children's District?

Where the zoo, carosel, and statues are

Since rejoining UNESCO, one of our top priorities has been promoting literacy, with a particular focus on girls and women. To that end, quality providers of informal education have played and will continue to play a key role in decreasing the global adult illiteracy rate. We know that informal education can be more flexible and help reach adults who have long ago dropped out of the formal school system or who were systematically denied access to school. As the largest government donor to UNICEF, the United States is supporting efforts to support safe schools, and quality education for each and every girl and boy.

Which of the following is not something with which the author of the above statements would likely agree? A) it makes sense to educate women and girls B) women become empowered through education C) formal education is better than informal education D) women and girls should be educated

Based on the information that is provided within the passage, which of the following can be inferred about King James II's son? a. Considering his resemblance to King James II, the young James was very likely the legitimate child of the king and the queen. b. Given the queen's previous inability to produce a healthy child, the English and the Lowland Scots were right in suspecting the legitimacy of the prince. c. James "the Pretender" was not as popular among the Highland clans and his son Bonnie Prince Charlie d. James was unable to acquire the resources needed to build the army and plan the invasion that his son succeeded in doing

a

Which of the following best provides detailed support for the claim that "seatbelts save lives"? a. A government website containing driving accident information b. A blog developed by one of the largest car companies in the world c. An encyclopedia entry on the seatbelt and its development d. An instant message sent out by a famous race car driver

a

atlas

a book of maps or charts

molecule

a chemical bonding of atoms combine to form cells.

travel bug

a strong desire to travel

memoradum

a written informal note usually used for business purposes

Although his friends believed him to be enjoying a lavish lifestyle in the large family estate he had inherited, Enzo was in reality impecunious. Which of the following is the definition for impecunious in the sentence above? a. Penniless b. Unfortunate c. Emotional d. Commanding

a.

able

able to be

somatostatin stimulus for release?

acid in the stomach

PH Less than 7

acidic solution (less base)

predictions, conclusions, and inferences

are based on personal judgement and prior experiences.

Opinions

are beliefs based on personal judgements, rather than on indisputable facts.

subheadings

are headings that appear below other headings, within the same category.

biases

are opinions or beliefs that affect a persons ability to make fair, unclouded judgements or decisions.

themes

are subjects that a written work frequently touches upon.

habitat

area where a articular animal lives

What in non invasive BP?

arm cuff monitor and less painful.

what is secretin stimulus for release?

arrival of chyme in the duodenum

what is gastric stimulus for release?

arrival of protein in the stomach

answer:

astonishing

Natural Killer (NK) Cells

attack and kill abnormal cells

tone

authors attitude about a subject, usually described with a single word such as critical or optimistic

point of view

authors position or belief about a subject

mode

authors purpose for writing a passage, can be expository persuasive, or narrative

What does belvedere mean in Italian?

beautiful view

intermediate

between medial and lateral

stereotype

bias; distorted, exaggerated, or oversimplified image applied to a category of people

Pancreas

bicarbonate neutralize stomach acid, trypsin and chymotrypsin digest proteins, amylase digest polysaccharides, lipase digest lipids

What are Stein and Goldstein's carosel horses famous for?

big teeth, bulging eyes, windswept mane and tails

Venules

blood returns to the heart from the capillaries

various type of connective tissue

bone, cartilage, adipose (fat), and blood vessels.

types of connective tissue

bone, cartilage, adipose and blood vessels

Atlas

book of maps

whats an atlas?

book of maps or charts

whats an almanac?

book that gives you important dates such as tidal waves, astronomical events, etc.

What are erratics?

boulders moved by glaciers

CNS

brain and spinal cord

Which of the following would best support the argument that people cause global climate change? a. The average global temperature has increase 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit since 1880. b. Common green house gases include carbon dioxide and water vapor. c. Most of the greenhouse gases today come from burning things like coal and other fossil fuels for energy. d. The average person breaths out about 1.0 kg of carbon dioxide every day, while the average cow produces about 80 kg of methane.

c.

Lymphatic system

clean up excessive fluid and protein and return them to the circulatory system

explicit

clearly stated

proximal

close to the body or point of attachment

Ventricles

collect and expel blood from the heart

Small Intestine

complete digestion, mucus protect gut wall, absorb nutrients and water, peptidase digest protein, amylase digest polysaccharides

immersed

completely covered in

inference

conclusion drawn from the info in a passage and the reader's own knowledge; not explicitly stated in the passage

How does Invasive BP works?

connect to cannula, blood vessels, hook up to electronic monitor

administrative

connected with organizing the work of a business or an institution

digestive system

consist of all the organs from the mouth to the anus ingestion and breakdown or processing of foods.

skeletal system

consist of bone, cartilage, ligaments and joints.

muscular system

consist of skeletal muscles, tendons, that connect muscle to bones.

context

consist of surrounding words, sentences, or paragraphs that usually help to reveal the word's meaning.

nervous system

consist of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, and it serves as the body control system

circulatory system

consist of the heart, blood vessels, and blood

Anna is planning a trip to Bretagne, or Brittany, in the northwestern part of France. Since she knows very little about it, she is hoping to find the most up-to-date information with the widest variety of details about hiking trails, beaches, restaurants and accommodations. Which of the following guides will be the best for her to review? a. The Top Ten Places to Visit in Brittany, published by a non-profit organization in Bretagne looking to draw tourism to the region (2015) b. Getting to Know Nantes: Eating, Staying, and Sightseeing in Brittany's Largest City, published by the French Ministry of Tourism (2014) c. Hiking Through Bretagne: The Best Trails for Discovering Northwestern France, published by a company that specializes in travel for those wanting to experience the outdoors (2013) d. The Complete Guide to Brittany, published by a travel book company that publishes guides for travel throughout Europe (2015)

d

Based on the context of the passage the reader can infer that this information is likely to appear in which of the following types of works? a. A scholarly paper b. A mystery c.. A fictional story d. A biography

d

The next five questions are based on this passage In 1603, Queen Elizabeth I of England died. She had never married and had no heir, so the throne passed to a distant relative: James Stuart, the son of Elizabeth's cousin and one time rival for the throne, Mary, Queen of Scotts, James was crowded King James VI of Scotland, and the combination of roles would create a spirit of conflict that hunted the two nations for generations to come. The conflict developed as a result of rising tensions among the people within the nations, as well as between them. Scholars in the 21st century area far too hasty to dismissing the role of religion in political disputes, but religion undoubtedly played a role in the problems that faced England and Scotland. By the time of James Stuart's succession to the English people had firmly embrace the teachings of Protestant theology. Similarly, The Scottish Lowlands was decisively Protestant. In the Scottish Highlands, however, the clans retained their Catholic fate. James acknowledged the Church of England and still sanctioned the largely Protestant translation of the Bible that still bears his name James's son King Charles I proved himself to be less committed to the Protestant Church of England. Charles married the Catholic Princess Henrietta Maria of France, and there were suspicious among the English and the Lowland Scots that Charles was quietly a Catholic. Charles's own political troubles extended beyond religion in this case, and he was beheaded in 1649. Eventually, his son King Charles's II would be crowded, and this Charles believed to have converted secretly to the Catholic Church, Charles II died without a legitimate heir, and his brother James ascended to the throne as King James II. James was recognized to be a practicing Catholic, and his commitment to Catholicism would prove to be his downfall. James's wife Mary Beatrice lost number of children during their infancy, and when she became pregnant again in 1687 the public became concerned, if James had a son, that son would undoubtedly be raised a Catholic, and the English people would not stand for this. Mary gave birth to a son, but the story quickly circulated that the royal child had died and the child named James's heir was a founding smuggled in .James, his wife, and his infant son were forced to flee; and James's Protestant daughter Mary was crowned the queen. In spite of a strong resemblance to the King, the young James was generally rejected among the English and the Lowland Scots, who referred to him as the "the Pretender." But in the Highlands the Catholic princeling was welcome. He inspire a group known as Jacoties, to reflect the Latin version of his name. His own son Charles, known affectionately as Bonnie Prince Charlie, would eventually raise an army and attempt to recapture what believed to be his throne. The movement was soundly defeated at the Battle of Culloden in 1746; and England and Scotland have remained ostensibly Protestant ever since. Which of the following sentences contains an opinion on the part of the author? a. James was recognized to be a practicing Catholic, and his commitment to Catholicism would prove his downfall. b. James's son King Charles I proved himself to be less committed to the Protestant Church of England. c. The movement was soundly defeated at the Battle of Culloden in 1746, and England and Scotland have remained ostensibly Protestant ever since. d. Scholars in the 21st century are far too hasty in dismissing the role of religion in political disputes, but religion undoubtedly played a role in the problems that faced England and Scotland.

d

rules of logic typically follow

deductive or inductive reasoning

A method whereby conclusions follow from general principles

deductive reasoning

description

describe or characterize a person, thing or idea.

denotation

dictionary definition of a word

perished

died; passed away

Osmosis

diffusion of water from lower solute of concentration to one of higher solute concentration

what happened to the body when the blood vessel is cooling?

dilate

T lymphocytes

directly attack cells infected by virus and bacteria

castastrophes

disaster

Biological Classification System in order:

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family genus, species.

Pinocytosis

drinking

Phagocytosis

eating

what is ghrelin stimulus for release?

empty stomach

Mitorochondria

energy production

etched

engraved or drawn on metal or glass

sufficient

enough

What have a nucleus?

eukaryotic

rephrase

explain an idea in different words

what type of passage is King Henry VII?

expository

what type of passage is the chili recipe?

expository

what type of passage is the greek theater?

expository

what kind of passage is Central Park

expository / informative

what type of passage is Frida Kahlo?

expository/ informative

what type of passage is the central park story?

expository/ informative

what kind of park

famous in New York

Cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulus for release?

fat and amino acid

what is leptin stimulus for release?

fat in the bloodstream

accomplishment

feeling like you have done something important and good

express

feelings

Thrombocytopenia

few platelets, result in excessive external bleeding

entertain

fiction

Sympathetic

fight or flight respone

supporting details

flesh out and explain the main idea,

sequential

following SET of Orders

What are the six stage of development?

gamete formation, fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, organ formation, growth and development of specialized tissues

The cells that form a new organism via sexual reproduction are called

gametes

Summary sentences

generally appear at or near the end paragraph sometimes they sum up the point of the earlier text, driving the message home so that the reader does not forget it or miss it.

DNA

genes

what is the social media passage trying to do?

get people to fact check before posting random information

inform

give facts

How was the carosel origionally powered?

hand crank

occur

happen, տեղի է ունենում

whats a thesaurus?

has definitions, synonyms, and antonyms

Connective Tissue

has its own blood supply.

dapper

having a stylish and neat appearance

Circulatory system consist of?

heart, blood vessels, and blood

Thymus

help build resistance to disease.

Blood

help stabilize internal pH and hosts various kinds of infectious Fighters

Myelin

help to increase the speed of the electrical impluse along the nerve cell

how should you rename the robbery passage?

jewel thief on the loose

Valves

keep blood moving in a single direction and prevent any backwash into the chambers

Eosinophils

killing parasites

contempt

lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

inferior position

lower body

Nucleotide

monomer of nucleic acids

emigration

moving out of the country or region.

Cerebellum

muscle control and balance located in the base of the brain

mysterious

mystical, mystic, cryptic, խորհրդավոր

Sebaceous glands

oil glands secrete sebum

sebaceous glands

oil glands secrete sebum

persuasive/argumentative

one common persuasive type of essay is problem/solution structure. the facts, details, examples are usually in a logical sequence following a claim; intro of the problem being addressed, description of the problem, a plausible solution to the problem, and a closing that challenges the reader to take action. Signal words: the problem, so that, for this reason, ....if...then....., because

main idea

overall idea of a paragraph or section of a text.

weighed down

overburdened

Luteal phase

ovum awaits fertilization

The three colors are red, yellow and blue.

paint

Pharynx pathway (memory trick- please leave the breathing alone)

pharynx larynx trachea bronchi alveoli

inform

present info to teach, define, explain, clarify, illustrate. Often found in textbooks, newspaper and magazine articles, journal articles.

Endocrine system function

produce and secretes hormone to control body processes, including glucose regulation, sleep cycles and gametogenesis

Pancreas

produce insulin which controls blood sugar

muscle tissue

producing movement.

polypeptide chain

protein primary structure

Golgi apparatus

protein sorting and modification

Ribosomes

protein synthesis

Rough ER

protein translation

Epithelial tissue function

provide covering, provide secretion (example granular tissue)

nervous tissue

provides the structure for the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Atria

receive blood returning to the heart from the body

Leptin functions

reduces hunger by signaling satiety

index

reference in alphabetical order to where everything is in the book

Somatic Nervous System

send and receives signals from skeletal muscle, which is under conscious control

strain

severe or excessive demand on the strength, resources, or abilities of someone or something

whats the order for the frida kahlo passage?

she got hit by a train, started drawing pics of herself, she married diego

Arterioles

smaller branches of the arteries, supply blood to the capillaries

Capillaries

smallest blood vessels

Muscle types

smoothes cardiac skeletal

Why are carriage paths next to the walking paths in Central Park?

so poor people could observe how rich people behaved

implication

something not clearly stated

Epiphysis

spongy bone

what does the word Disseminate means?

spread or disperse.

The shapes of epithelial includes

squamous, cuboidal, and columnar.

what happened to the body when the hair follicles is warming?

stand erect

supporting detail

statement in a passage that supports the main idea

insulin function

stimulate uptake of glucose for conversion into glycogen; decrease blood glucose level

Cholecystokinin (CCK) function

stimulates gallbladder to release bile; stimulates the pancreas to release pancreatic enzymes; inhibits gastric emptying and acid secretion.

biography

story of a person's life written by another person

biography

story of someone written by someone else

whats a biography?

story of someone written by someone else

autobiography

story of someone written by the same person

whats an autobiography?

story of someone written by the same person

exotic

strange, mysterious, exciting, unknown

summary sentence

summarizes the main idea and key details of a passage; often last sentence in a passage

Bone

support and protects softer tissues and organs

B lymphocytes

target specific bacteria for destruction

Diffusion

the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density

third person omniscient

the narrator knows all of the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters in a work. uses "he/she"

respiratory system

the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

Diploid

the number of chromosomes remain the same as the parent, 46

veer

to change direction

delineate

to describe accurately

dissent

to disagree

fomenting

to foster trouble, rebellion, or strife; to stir up; to incite

Active transport

transferring substances from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration

Blood

transport oxygen to cells and removes wastes

persuasive

tries to get the reader to agree with the author.

How does traffic get across the park?

tunnels & sunken roadway

compare

two or more objects, ideas, or people that are alike or similar

organ

two or more tissues types work together to perform a task

Multiple Sclerosis

uncoordinated muscle movement

Gene

unit of inheritance

superior position

upper body

In RNA the pyrimidine instead of thymine base it has

uracil

rhetorical

used for effects not meaning

italics

used for titles of works, including books and movies, foreign words, and names of ships

vast

very large

topic

what a passage is about

Brain stem

what control breathing, respiration, heart and nerve pathway

Compared to most of our country's other Founding Fathers, Thomas Paine is essentially unknown. In fact, there are many Americans who have never even heard of him. Paine was born in 1737, the son of a corseter - a tailor specializing in corsets and other undergarments - and grew up in rural Thetford, England. As a young man, Paine worked as a corseter, sailor, and minister, but found his true calling when he moved to the British colonies in America. Paine first gained notoriety as the editor of Pennsylvania Magazine and, as political turmoil engulfed the colonies, he became more prominent. In 1776, Paine anonymously published a book called Common Sense that argued forcefully for American independence from Britain. The book's popularity spread like wildfire; soon there were 200,000 copies in circulation. Once the war began, Paine published a series of pamphlets called The Crisis. These, in the midst of a bloody war, helped keep up the morale of the troops. Thomas Paine is also credited with conceiving the name "The United States of America." Thomas Paine was an extremely talented writer; Thomas Jefferson and John Adams drew heavily on his work when drafting the Declaration of Independence. Later in life, Paine wrote other, highly controversial works. He was even exiled from England and imprisoned in France for his writings. In 1796, Paine did his part to inspire what would become Social Security. He suggested a system of social insurance for the young and the elderly in his last great work, Agrarian Justice.

what sentence, if added to the end of the passage, would provide the best conclusion to both the paragraph and the passage? A) Unfortunately, not enough is known about thomas paine to call him a founding father B) Given paines contributions to america, he deserves recognition as one of our most importsnt founding fathers C) paines was also an inventor, patenting his design for a cantilever bridge D) if paine had recieved the recognition he deserved, he would have been seen as a much more controversial figure

chemical equations

when chemical reactions are written out

extinction

when something dies out completely

For some, the poverty and deprivations of youth must be credited with the grandest achievements of adulthood. The poet Robert Burns and his brother were expected to do the work of men at the age of thirteen. He had some schooling before then, and must have improved during this time, for he could read and spell well, and had some knowledge of English grammar.

which of the following would provide the best support for the claim made in the first line of the passsage? A) a young artist from a wealthy family recieves the best education that money can buy, but still does not succeed as a painter B) a young writer comes from an impoverished, rural background, and receives a scholarship to university, but fails to make something of herself C) a child prodigy becomes a world-famous violinist before reaching puberty, despite growing up in a woring-class household D) A playwright is inspired to write beautiful plays about the destitution and difficulties of his childhood, and becomes widely acclaimed as the greatest writer of his generation

Cytotoxic T cell

will kill a host cell that expresses a foreign antigen

Trachea

windpipe

desperately

with great, pressing need

answer:

without the support of the governed, a leader cannot lead

root word

word with no prefix or suffix

signal words

words used to introduce, or "signal," an important piece of info in a passage or to explain the relationship between ideas in a passage

authors tone

writing about psychology or has factual information. Authors tone is mostly serious, neutral. Purpose is to INFORM

whats a memorandum?

written informal note usually used for business purposes

was heading for

направлялся в

fireball streaks across the sky

огненные шары-полоски по небу, կրակագնդերի գծիկներ երկնքով մեկ,

blinding flash

ослепляющая вспышка

impact

ազդեցություն

eyewitness

ականատես

apparent

ակնհայտ evident, obvious

hole

անցք

support

աջակցել

tail

պոչ

exhausted

սպառված

wilderness

վայրի բնություն, անապատ, desert, sahara

validity

վավերականությունը

damage

վնաս, վնասել

glowing reddish

փայլուն կարմրավուն

shattered

փշրված, կոտրված, broken, stricken

powdered

փոշոտ

Logical Conclusion

"What can I assume based on what I just read?" -Logical conclusion is reading between the lines of what is is stated in the passage. -Combining the information in the passage with what you already know. -It must be supported BY the text. DO NOT choose answers that are not supported by the text. It must be logically made from the available information. EX: "For instance, if you know a series of facts about your friend Jane's current purse, you can then look at those facts to draw a conclusion. The facts might be that the purse looks discolored and damaged, she has enough money to buy a new purse and she is in the purse aisle of a store. From that series of facts, you could conclude she will buy a new purse. However, while you could draw the conclusion that Jane will buy a new purse based on the facts you know, there is still no inference to suggest she has made the decision to buy a purse. Even if the facts suggest a logical concluding point of a purse purchase, the actual decision may not reflect the conclusion you draw." https://classroom.synonym.com/difference-between-inference-drawing-conclusions-4962.html *Read the passage below before answering the question.* Job Announcement DD&P Industries is currently seeking friendly, motivated individuals to fill entry-level positions in its call center. DD&P is an industry leader in the manufacture and servicing of medical equipment. We are committed to providing excellent customer service and dedicated to hiring individuals with top-notch communication skills. DD&P offers flexible work schedules with daytime, evening, weekend, and holiday shifts. We offer competitive pay and benefits packages, including medical/dental, 401(k), and profit sharing (after a year of employment). Compensation: Hourly Responsibilities: Providing professional customer service for incoming calls regarding products and services Understanding and communicating product and service information Routing calls to appropriate sources Handing customer complaints Qualifications: Good communication skills Ability to type 60 wpm Working knowledge of basic PC applications (Word, Outlook, etc.) Previous costumer service experience preferred 23.Which of the following statements is a logical conclusion based on the job announcement? A. This position will be involved in formulating communications for marketing purposes. B. Applicants for this position must have previous experience in the health care industry. (C.) Applicants for this position must have effective telephone communication skills. D. This position includes a requirement to work on weekend and during holidays.

Controlling Idea/Main Idea

"What is important to know about the topic?" The main point trying to be made about a text. EX: Topic Sentence: There are many possible contributing factors to global warming. The topic is "global warming" and the CONTROLLING IDEA is "contributing factors." EX: Topic Sentence: Dogs make wonderful pets because they help you to live longer. The topic is "dogs make wonderful pets" and the CONTROLLING IDEA is "because they help you to live longer."

First Person

"I" "Me" and "My" standpoint. Personal perspective.

Example of an EXPOSITORY PASSAGE

"Storytellers known as bards were an important element in sustaining Celtic civilization. They were trained at barding schools where they learned hundreds of poems and different styles of verse. Some bards trained for up 7 years. In addition to singing memorized poems, they composed poems of their own to celebrate important events or commemorate fallen leaders. Many scholars believe that the bards of Brittany, a region in northwest France, and those of Wales created and passed on the legends of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. Without the oral traditions, these stories would have been lost." 10.What is the main purpose of the passage? (A.) To inform B. To persuade C. To entertain D. To analyze Although this passage does not contain dates or chronological order it does inform which is a characteristic of an expository passage. It EXPOSES information about bards.

Topic

"What am I reading about?" "Who or what is this paragraph about?" A noun or noun phrase that captures the subject matter of the writing. The topic is the subject of the text. Topic can be expressed in only a few words. EX: Topic Sentence: "There are many reasons why pollution in ABC Town is the worst in the world." The TOPIC is "Pollution" or "pollution in ABC Town is the worst in the world"

Semicolon

(;) separate two independent clauses if they are not joined by a connective conjunction

descriptive texts

- describes events, ideas, or people to the reader - focuses on a particular subject and attempts to depict the subject in a way that will be clear to readers

comparison and contrast

- describes the ways in which two things are alike, and then describes the way in which two things are different - comparison: both, same, like, too, and as well - contrast: but, however, on the other hand, instead, and yet

figurative language

- descriptive language: evokes imagery in the readers mind - simile, metaphor, personification

informative texts

- educate and enlighten the reader; teaches - more emphasis on clarity and precision

metaphor

- equates one thing with a different thing; a comparison without using like or as - ex: the bird was an arrow racing through the sky

opinion vs. fact

- fact: statement that can be proven - opinion: statement that cannot be proven

primary sources

- first hand records of events, theories, opinions, or actions. - original documents, including academic journal articles and scientific studies

footnotes and endnotes

- footnotes appear at the bottom of a page that gives further information about what was in the text - endnotes similar to a footnote, but instead listed at the end of a paragraph

line graph

- graph that uses line segments to show changes that occur over time

bar graph

- graphic form using bars to make comparisons of statistics

logical organization

- ideas are arranged in a way that makes intuitive sense - six types: illustrations/examples, definitions, classifying information, comparing, cause and effect problem and solution

memo

- informal correspondence written within an organization; usually has a heading including the author, date, and recipient - usually written in formal style

persuasive passage

- meant to change the mind of the reader and lead them into agreement with the author. - likely to appeal to the readers emotions and to make claims based on opinion

Rhetorical

- merely for effect with no answer expected; used for effect, not meaning.

main idea

- most important point being made by the author - ex: penguins are different from other birds in many ways

narrative passage

- must have a plot, and have characters - often contains figurative language which is meant to stimulate the imagination of readers by making comparisons and observations

persuasive writing

- one opinion is presented as fact - uses emotional language

spatial organization

- organization according to location, position, or direction

chronological organization

- organization by time or sequence

bias

- prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue. - can be intentional or unintentional

supporting details

- provide evidence backing for the main point

argument

- statement put forth and supported by evidence

topic

- subject of a text; what the text is all about - ex: penguins

problem-solution text structure

- texts that are organized to present a problem followed by a solution

personification

- the giving of human qualities to an animal, object, or idea

connotative meaning

- the meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrase

foreshadowing

- the use of hints and clues to suggest what will happen later in a plot

implications

- things that are not stated directly, but can be assumed by the reader based on what the author does say.

headings and subheadings

- titles that distinguish different sections to organize topics and ideas

expository/inform

- to teach, explain, clarify, share info, elaborate on a topic. EX: writing an email to a friend I haven't seen in a long time, telling her whats been going on in my life. -My friend is reading the email and all of the info I have shared, so her goal is to "learn it" as the reader. BUT... in the email, I include info about vitamins I'm selling and tell her how great they are, because I want her to buy some. NOW, my PURPOSE is to PERSUADE, because I am using info to convince her.

italics

- used to emphasize important phrases, words, and sentences - used for long/large works such as books, magazines, long operas, or epic poems - shorter works typically placed in quotation marks

dictionary

- used to find a word's meaning, check spelling, and word pronunciation

technical passage

- written to describe a complex object or process - common in medicine, science, mathematics, and engineering

Identifying the topic, main idea, and supporting details

-Beware of the topic placement

Modes of Passage

-Expository -Persuasive/argumentative -Narrative -Descriptive

Steps to Summarize

-Identify the Topic or Subject -Identify the purpose of reading (Key points)

Problem/Solution structure

-Introduction of the problem being addressed -A description of the problem -A plausible solution to the problem -A closing that challenges the reader to take action

Key Terms

-Sequence -Descriptive words -words that coney value, judgments, and opinions

Printed Public announcements

-organization -message -Supporting detail -Informational link

Mega

1 million

Inference

1. A conclusion reached by critical thinking 2. Suggests an idea by details and evidence in a passage

Primary source

1. A firsthand document or source created at the time in question 2. Examples include artifacts such as ancient tools and ancient artwork , letters, recordings, images and other media that have not been altered from their original State

Theme

1. A foundational concept engaged with by a piece of art 2. Reveal information about a specific time or time period

Narrative structures

1. Appear in stories, poetry, which often serve to entertain an audience. 2. Narrative texts generally include a plot and one or more characters trying to overcome an obstacle or solve a problem

Scientific method sequence

1. Ask a question to begin the process 2. Conduct background research on the identified question 3. Propose a hypothesis as a result of the research into the topic 4. In order to analyze data, perform the experiment 5. Analyze the data. 6. Ultimately, accept or decline the hypothesis

Narrative

1. Author can entertain, inform, and challenge readers through diverse structures 2. Narratives tell stories with sensory details that assist the readers in experiencing events 3. Wether in poetry, anecdotes or short stories, narratives use chronological order (beginning to end or end to beginning)

Words or phrases of cause and effect

1. Due to, was responsible 2. Consequently, as might be expected 3. As a result, made possible by 4. If..... then, since

Following directions

1. From left to right 2. After it has set 3. While the... complete steps 4. Carefully and with 5. Choose all that apply 6. From top to bottom

Point of view

1. Is the way an author considers the subject of the writing 3. Perspective

The two type of dictionary

1. Merrian- Webster Dictionary 2. Oxford English Dictionary

Figurative language

1. Metaphor- comparison between unlike things without using like it as ( the teacher is a lion) 2. Simile- comparison between unlike things using like or as (the teacher is like a lion) 3. Personification- giving human attributes to something nonhuman (the leaves danced in the wind)

Stereotype

1. Negative generalizations 2. Ignorance or lack curiosity

Data collection uses four main steps:

1. Observation 2. Measurement 3. Samples 4. Organization

Words or phrases for compare/contrast

1. On the contrary, in like manner, similarly, compared to, have in common, in the same way, in spite of, as well as

Four details of a printed public announcement

1. Organization 2. Message 3. Supporting detail 4. Information link

Scientific method proper order:

1. Problem Identification 2. Question asking 3. Hypothesis developed 4. Data collection and experimentation. 5. Analysis 6. Conclusion

Circular reasoning

1. Reasoning that offers no support for assertions other than restating in different words 2. Refers to itsef as evidence or truth (proverty is a problem because it create trouble in communities)

Stereotype

1. Simplified categorization of an idea or person based on convention 2. Writer remains nonemotional and uses general statements 3. Writer might have facts based upon researched biases and falsely supported assumptions

Inductive reasoning

1. Start with facts and details and moves to a general conclusion

Deductive reasoning

1. Starts with a conclusion and then explains the facts details and examples 2. If all premises are true and clear, the conclusion must also be true (Ex. All dogs are mammals. All mammals have hearts. All dogs must have heart

Expository

1. The author informs, explains or tell how to 2. No opinions, only used facts or example 3. Uses logical order of least to most important or detailed step-by step process

Words for problem/solution

1. The problem, because 2. So that, this led to 3. For this reason, a solution 4. If... then...., on reason for

Bias author

1. Unfair or inaccurate 2. Intentional or unintentional 3. Author may still be correct

Rhetorical

1. Used for effect only, not meaning 2. expressed in terms intended to persuade or impress.

Key ideas and details

1.1 summarize a complex text 1.2 infer the mogical conclusion from a reading selection 1.3 identify the topic, main idea,and supporting detail 1.4 follow a given set of direction 1.5 identify specific info from a printed communication 1.6 identify info from a graphic representation info 1.7 recognize events in a sequence

When did construction of the park start and how long did it take?

1858, 20 years

Mendel's law of heredity

1st law (Segregation)- half of the alleles are contribute by each parent. 2nd law (Independent assortment)- traits are passed on randomly and are not influenced by other traits

Where does NYC get the 1.3 billion gallons of water it uses daily?

2 tunnels that go to Upstate New York

Craft and structure

2.1 distinguish between fact and opinion, biases and stereotypes 2.2 recognize the structure of texts in various formats 2.3 interpret the meaning of words and phrases using context 2.4 determine the denotative meaning of words 2.5 evaluate the author's purpose in a given text 2.6 evaluate the author's point of view in a given text 2.7 use text feature

integration of knowledge and ideas

3.1 identify primary sources in various media 3.2 use evidence from text to make prediction and inferences, and draw conclusion about a piece of writing 3.3 compare and contrast themes from print and other sources 3.4 evaluate an argument and its specific claims 3.5 evaluate and integrate data from multiple sources in various formats,including data

How many arches and bridges are there in Central Park?

39

45. C 46. B *The reason this email got written was not to tell them how bad their score was, it was to give them an opportunity to make it up

45. Which of the following best describes the instructor's purpose? A. To berate students for the poor scores that they had made on the recent essay exam B. To encourage students to continue working hard in spite of failure C. To give students the opportunity to make up the bad scores and avoid failing the course D. To admit that the essay exam was likely too difficult for most students 46. What is the best summary sentence for this passage? A. By now, many of you have probably seen your grade and are a little concerned . (and if you're not concerned, you should be - at least a bit!) B. With each class comes a new challenge, however, as any good instructor will tell you, sometimes the original plan has to change C. The purpose of the group project is to allow students to work together and arrive at a stronger response than if each worked individually D. At the beginning of the semester, I informed the class that I have a strict grading policy and that all scores will stand unquestioned

Chemical property

A chemical change must be carried out in order to observe and measure a property

anthology

A collection of related ideas or writings, such as songs, stories, or poems

simile

A comparison using "like" or "as"

metaphor

A comparison without using like or as

Tertiary Source

A compilation of primary and secondary sources

Tertiary source

A compilation of primary and secondary sources

Inference

A conclusion reached by critical thinking

Inference

A conclusion reached by critical thinking Suggest an idea by details and evidence in a passage

Argumentative

A contentious ;causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial tone

Conclusion

A deduction made by a reader about an unstated outcome from a reading passage

Conclusion

A deduction made by a reader about an unstated outcome from a reading passage Asks rhw reader to analyze and make a decision bsed in prediction, detail, evidence and result

Conclusion

A deduction made by a reader about an unstated outcome from a reading passage 2. a conclusion Asks the reader to analyze and make a decision based on predictions, details, evidence and results

Graphic

A diagram, graph, illustration or other piece of artwork

Graphic

A diagram, graph, illustration, or other piece of artwork

Graphic

A diagram, graph, illustration, or other piece of artwork.

bibliography

A document showing all the sources used to research information. Similar to works-cited

Fact

A fact can be subjected to analysis and can be proved or disproved.

Primarily source

A first hand document or source created at the time in question. E.g Artifacts, recordings, letter, images ,birth certificate, internet, video, autobiography ,novel,painting

Primary source

A firsthand document or source created at the time in question

Primary Sources

A firsthand document or source created at the time in question (original state isnt altered)

Theme

A foundational concept engaged with by a piece of art

Genre

A group of related writings or other social media

Inference

A judgement made that is based on evidence that comes from the text. Uses reasoning to make a logical observation based on evidence. "Read between the lines".

bureaucracy

A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials

Information specialist

A library employee who helps patrons find information

Library media specialist

A library employee who helps patrons find media sources

thesaurus

A listing of words with synonyms and antonyms

Prediction

A logical inference about what might be true or occur in the future based on evidence in the text. Decides what may be true, or what may happen in the future, based on evidence.

Distance scale

A means to measure distance on a map

Implied Main Idea

A paragraph without a clear topic sentence still has a main idea, it is implied. Pay attention to word choice, tone, and content.

Secondary Source

A secondhand account of an event or a retelling of another person's observations written by someone who did not witness or actually participate in the events. Includes sources that combine, synthesize, and or interpret information from primary sources. Examples include encyclopedias, textbooks, and reviews. Not from the original creator, Created by someone not there first-hand. Secondary sources are works that analyze, assess or interpret an historical event, era, or phenomenon, generally utilizing primary sources to do so. Secondary sources often offer a review or a critique. Secondary sources can include books, journal articles, speeches, reviews, research reports, and more. Generally speaking, secondary sources are written well after the events that are being researched. However, if an individual writes about events that he or she experienced first hand many years after that event occurred, it is still considered a primary source.

Anecdote

A short story that illustrates a concept but is not the main idea

Topic

A specific person, place, thing, or issue

Fact

A statement or thought that can be proven true

Claim

A statement that something is true

Theme

A subject that the text touches upon more than once. The themes of the passage are ideas or concepts that weave throughout a passage and frequently recur. The passage regarding key battles of the Civil Was might contain themes of heroism, bravery, or strategic prowess, for instance.

Physical property

A substance can be observed and measured without changing

Diagram

A symbolic representation of information

Theme

A theme is going to be what the whole passage is trying to convey to you. EX: Say you are asked to write a passage and your professor gives you a list of themes to choose from. The themes can be "love" "overcoming fear" "crime and punishment" So you are going to write something that relates to one of those themes. For example, in a passage about UFO's and an abduction it asks: Is the following a topic, main idea, supporting detail, or theme of the UFO article? ** Conspiracy and cover-up ** A) Topic B) Main idea C) Supporting detail D) Theme The anwer is D) Theme, because Conspiracy and Cover-up is what the author chose to write about and tried to convey to the readers.

Logical conclusion

A theory based on the inference in a text. Uses reasoning to analyze evidence in order to come up with a theory.

Heading

A title

Subheading

A title of a subdivision of information with a large text

Subheading

A title of a subdivision of information with a larger text

Chart

A type of diagram that graphically representation of data

Chart

A type of diagram that graphically represents data

Graph

A type of diagram that mathematically displays data

Blog

A website that is usually informal and independently run

Memorandum

A written informal note usually used for business purposes

Based on a prior knowledge of literature, the reader can infer that this passage was taken from which of the following?

A) a limerick B) a folk tale C) a persuasive essay D) a historical document

the reader can infer that this passage was taken from which of the following?

A) a political treatise B) a history book C) a tourist guidebook D) a historic novel

answer:

A) ask them for advice about her problem

The vain queen worried that her magical mirror was lying to her when it told her she was "the fairest in the land." She wanted to ensure her beauty never faded. She called several of her wisest advisors to her council chamber. Based on this passage which of the following is a logical prediction of what the queen will do?

A) ask them for advice about her problem B) command her advisors to go to beauty school C) discuss the issue patiently with her wisest advisor D) scheme against the lying mirror

which of the following describes the word miraculous as it is used in the third paragraph of the passage?

A) astonishing B) paralyzing C) unconscionable D) preternatural

the description of the drafting of the declaration of independence in the third paragraph has what type of relationship to thomas paines writing?

A) cause and effect B) compare and contrast C) problem and solution D) sequence

answer:

A) exceptional

answer:

A) finnish

answer:

A) paine was one of the founding fathers

the passage is reflective of which of the following types of writing?

A) technical B) narrative C) expository D) persuasive

An individual reading a book about the first emperor of China wants to find the first reference in the book to the Terracotta Army. Where should he or she look?

A) the glossary B) the table of contents C) the afterword D) the index

Read and follow the directions below. 1. Walk one block west. 2. Walk three blocks north. 3. Walk two blocks east. Where is your destination compared to your original location?

A) two blocks north, two blocks west B) two blocks south, two blocks east C) one block west, two blocks south D) one block east, three blocks north

4. Ask questions as you read.

A. What is the writer's purpose? B. What is the tone of the passage? C. What is the internal logic of the passage?

Cytoplasm

An aqueous mixture of protein and other biological molecules

Opinion

An assumption that is not based in fact and cannot be proven true

Ionic bonding

An atom gains or loses electrons

Foreshadowing

An author's hints of events to come

Denotation

An explicitly stated meaning of a word or idea

Theme

An idea or concept that the author refers backs to frequently

Descriptive

An idea, object, person, or other item is described in detail

Connotation

An implied meaning of a word or idea

Inference/Infer/Inferred

An inference is a suggested idea based on details and evidence in a passage. You can use these details to generate additional information and draw a more accurate conclusion. The information is implied but not written out-right or in an obvious way. EX: "For instance, from your inference about the water damage to Jane's current purse, you might come to the conclusion she will want to purchase a purse that is more resilient against water damage. By using inferences to gain more information, you can draw conclusions that may be more accurate and more specific. Instead of just drawing the conclusion Jane will purchase a new purse, you now can predict which kind of purse she will purchase." https://classroom.synonym.com/difference-between-inference-drawing-conclusions-4962.html

Memo

An informal written message, especially in business.

Forum

An online message board.

Primary Source

An unaltered piece of writing that was composed during the time when the events being described took place.

Recognizing bias

Analyzing whether an author has a prejudice in favor or against a thing, person, or group

18. D

Answer 18

2. C 3. B 4. A *D says "all animals" which doesn't apply

Answer 2-4

D *This is a recipe; its written in a non traditional (bulleted) form, and it contains opinions and tips (human tone) so it is a Expository style vs. Technical

Answer 31

Expository

Author informs, explains, or tells how to. Does not include opinions but only uses facts and examples. Logical order of least to most important, most to least important, or a detailed step-by-step process.

Figurative Language

Author's use figurative language to convey their meaning in a descriptive way. What you will see on the TEAS are similes and metaphors. Simile: a figurative expression using LIKE or AS "the sun was like an orange." "He ran as fast as a cheetah" Metaphor: writing in which the author equates or compares one thing to another not using like or as. "The bird was an arrow arcing through the sky."

Graphic Representation

Bar, pie, and flow charts, graphs, maps, and illustrations

Parts of speech

Basic types of words in English

What do you see as you come out of the ramble at vista rock?

Belvedere Castle

What is the spiritual center of Central Park?

Bethesda Terrace

Bias

Bias is a tendency to lean in a certain direction, often to the detriment of an open mind. Those who are biased tend to believe what they want to believe, refusing to take into consideration the opinions of others. To truly be biased, it means you're lacking a neutral viewpoint. Sprouting from cultural contexts, biases tend to take root within an ethnic group, social class, or religion.

What is special about the Wollman Rink?

Biggest ice rink in North America

Explicit

Clearly stated

Historical and cultural context

Clues that help you understand the period when a text was written

Tertiary Source

Collection of primary and secondary sources. Tertiary sources are sources that identify and locate primary and secondary sources. These can include bibliographies, indexes, abstracts, encyclopedias, and other reference resources; available in multiple formats, i.e. some are online, others only in print.

Connotative meaning

Combination of the words definition and it's suggested meaning based on context and emotions or associations evoked by a word

Footnote

Comment at the bottom of a page that refers to something within text

Footnote

Comment at the bottom of a page that refers to something within the next

Footnote

Comment at the bottom of a page that refers to something within the text

Metaphor

Comparison between unlike things without using like or as

Relevant

Connected to the idea being discussed

relevant

Connected to the idea being discussed

Legend

Explanation of the symbols on a map

Central Park

Expository

What kind of passage is Greek Theater?

Expository

What type of passge is King Henry VII?

Expository

what kind of passage is The Chili Recipe passage?

Expository

Frieda Khalo

Expository and informative

what kind of passage is the Central Park Passage?

Expository/ Informative

What kind of passage is Frida Khalo

Expository/Informative

Verb

Express action or being

Reliability

Extent of which content is from a credible source

Informational text

Factual text

Sequential

Following a set order of things. Contain organizing words such as: First, next, for example. the order in which things happen or the order of events; The text is indicated with signal words like first, then, next, and last. Do not always proceed in an orderly sequence from first to last. Sometimes they begin at the end and start over at the beginning. Ex. "He walked through the garden and gave water and fertilizer to the plants." He had to collect the water and the fertilizer before he walked through the garden because he would not go into the garden without those things.

Meiosis: Telophase II

Four haploid cells result after cytokinesis

Examples of Direction

From left to right, after it has set, while the ... completes steps, carefully and with, choose all that apply, from top to bottom.

Context

Information in a text that offers clues to help you understand the meaning of a word

Fact

Information that can be proven

Supporting details

Information that tells more about the main idea. Smaller issues raised in the passage rather than "big picture" ideas. The answer to a detail question is always given directly in the passage.

Expository Writing

Informs people (newspaper and magazine articles)

Scale

Instrument that weighs items or people

Expository writing

Intended to explain or describe something. e.g. A manual to put a table together step by step.

Persuasive

Intending to make the reader believe an idea

Persuasive

Intending to make the reader believe an idea. Follows a logical order of weakest argument to strongest argument. (Claim, evidence, and analysis)

Topic Sentence

Introduces the main idea to readers and gives the writer's perspective

What are carriages made of?

Iron and Wood

A novel

Is a fiction story

Topic

Is a noun or noun phrase that encapsulates (express the essential features) the subject matter of the writing. (Ex. Arteries, acid, alleles, mammals, and recycling)

Narrative

Is fiction

Restatement Clues

Occurs when the definition of the word is clearly stated in the sentence

Sentence Context

Occurs within the specific sentence that contains the vocabulary word

Circular reasoning

Offers no support for assertion other than restating them in different words, refers to itself as evidence of truth.

What used to be at the great lawn?

Old Central Park Reqervoir

Who won the competition in 1858 to design Central Park?

Olmsted and Vaux

Follow a Set of Directions

Procedural signal words: First, then, second, last, finally now, next, while, when, before, after. Read the passage below before answering the question. 1 tbsp olive oil 3 cloves garlic, minced 1 tbsp fresh basil 1 tsp dried thyme ½ red onion, diced 1 lb boneless, skinless chicken breast, chopped 12 oz penne pasta 2 tbsp butter 4 oz goat cheese 1. Heat the olive oil in a pan over medium-high heat 2. Add minced garlic, basil, thyme, and onion to oil and heat until onion is clear and tender. 3. Add chicken to pan and cook for 8 min. 4. While chicken is cooking, bring pasta to a boil in a saucepan. Drain and return to the pot. 5. Add butter and cheese to pasta and stir until melted, creating a sauce. 6. Toss the chicken mixture with the pasta, coating evenly with the cheese sauce. Serve hot. Makes 4 servings 20.Acording to the recipe above, when should the onion be cooked? A. After the pasta boils B. After the goat cheese has melted (C.) After heating the oil in the pan D. After adding the chicken to the pan 21.At which of the following times does it make the most sense to mince the garlic? A. After the onion is clear and tender B. After tossing the chicken mixture with the pasta C. While the pasta boils (D.) Before adding oil to the pan

Evidence

Proof to support an idea

evidence

Proof to support an idea

Connective tissue

Protects and binds body part

Specific Detail Clues

Provide a precise detail that can help you understand the meaning of the word.

Supporting Details

Provide more support for the author's main idea

Signal words (chronological)

Refer to when something happened, how often an event occurs, or for the length time an event occurs. (Function as adverbs)

Research- based

Reliant upon ideas backed by study

Research-based

Reliant upon ideas backed by study

Technical Writing

Requires a reader to follow a set of directions Requires reader to complete each step before moving on to the next. Contains steps, bullets, numbers. Can be a medical document, mathematical, scientific, logical. Examples are: Brochure, directions, classified ads, floor plans, science report, lab report, menu, cookbook, training manuals, operation guides, Assembly instructions Installation guides Owner's manuals Computer software guides Engineering guides

Where does the water in Central Park come from?

Reservoir

Revision

Rewriting a piece of text

Nucleolus

Ribosome assembly

Chili Passage

Rinse beans first

What are the pieces of Manhattan Schist in Central Park called?

Rouche Moutanee - Sleeping Sheep

helium gas

Safer alternative to hydrogen gas

Implication

Something not clearly stated

What is expository?

Something you find in an academic journal, a recipe, etc. (Very technical) (Teach, Inform, or Explain)

Summary/Summarize

State the main points of the writing. A summary gives you an idea of what the writing is about. Focus on the summary including the main idea, the most important supporting details, the conclusion, and it will only contain important information, not small details.

Fact

Statement that can be proven

Opinion

Statement that can not be proven

Opinion

Statement that cannot be proven

1.1 summarize a complex text

Step 1 identify the topic Step 2 identifuy key points Steph 3 rephrase key points

Instructions

Step-by-step directions on how to do something. HOW TO...

Narrative

Stories with sensory details that assist the readers in experiencing events. Chronological order (beginning to end or end to beginning).

False analogy

Suggesting that two things are similar, when in fact they are different.

Nucleic acids

Supply the genetic material for all living cells

Key Ideas/Supporting Details

Support the point the author is trying to make. Proves the point or expands on the main idea. Supporting details develop the passage through - Explanation - Elaboration - Clarification Supporting Details. They come after the topic sentence, making up the body of a paragraph. They give details to develop and support the main idea of the paragraph. EX: There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live. SUPPORTING DETAILS: "First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live."

Meiosis: Prophase I

Synapsis and crossing over occur

Summary

Synonym to main idea. *Summary sentences* are concluding sentences that restate the main idea of the paragraph or passage. They may also draw a conclusion based on information given in the paragraph or passage (conclusion).

Index

Text in the back of a book that lists topics in a book alphabetically

Table of contents

Text in the front of a book that outlines what is in the book

Context

Text proceeding or following a specific word

Compare-and-contrast

Text structure that compares two or more things, people, events, or ideas

Cause-effect

Text structure that discusses an event and its results. Purpose: To present a problem and the effect it will have.

Sequence

Text structure that organize text in chronological order. Purpose: To relate events or steps of instructions in the order that they happen or should be done.

Problem-solution

Text structure that presents a problem and then resolves it

Functional text

Text that contains everyday information. Main purpose is to inform the reader. They do not entertain, persuadem or express feelings.

Technical text

Text that contains precise and technical information

Expository text

Text that explains a topic

Superscript

Text that is

Primary source

Text that is original

Superscript

Text that is smaller and above the surrounding text

Narrative

Text that tells a story

Label

Text that tells you what is in food or medication, or tells you how to use a product. Their purpose is to provide vital information.

Persuasive text

Text that tries to convince

Meiosis: Metaphase I

Teyrads (homologous) linne up on the metaphase plate

Diencephalon

Thalamus Subthalamus Hypothalamus

Mitosis: Prophase

The spindle fibers form and the centrioles moves to opposite sides of the cell. The nuclear membrane disappears.

second person

Told from the reader's point of view, using "you" and "your"

Scientific instruments

Tools used in science and medicine

Smoking has been proven to be dangerous to peoples health,yet many continue to smoke for various reasons. For young people, smoking often represents maturity and individuality. Many smoke as a way to reduce tension. In addition, the regular smoker becomes addicted psychologically and physically to the nicotine in the cigarettes. Topic: A) health B) smoking C) addiction D) nicotine Main Idea: A) Smoking has been proven to be dangerous to peoples health in various ways. B) Regular smokers become addicted to nicotine C) Although smoking is dangerous, people continue doing it for various reasons D) Nicotine is what smokers become addicted to both psychologically and physically

Topic: B) smoking Main Idea: C) Although smoking is dangerous, people continue doing it for various reasons

Blood

Transport oxygen to cells and removes wastes

Persuasive Writing

Tries to convince the reader of something (opinion column on a blog)

7. Notice when the writer makes an argument.

UNDERLINE IT!

What is vitamin D production good for?

UV radiation production

Social commentary

Use of rhetoric to make statements about current culture

Rhetorical

Used for effect only, not meaning

Rhetorical

Used for effect only, not meaning.

Line graph

Used for measuring trends over time

How did they fill in the great lawn?

Used rubble and dirt from building Rockefeller Center

Bar graph

Used to illustrate sets of numerical data

Pie graph

Useful for depicting how a single unit of category is divided

Preposition

Usually describes position, time, etc.

Fact-checking

Verifying facts and statements in text

Fast- checking

Verifying facts and statements in text

Main idea

What a text is specifically about. It identifies the reason for the text to be written. The argument the author is making about the topic. The general point or "big picture" idea. The answer to a main idea question must not be too broad or too specific.

Excitability Contraction Elongate

What are the properties of the muscle?

bile

What is secret in the liver and break down fat?

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines

What is the order of the digestive system

Carbon dioxide and water

What made up glucose?

Author's intent

What the author hopes to accomplish with the text

C. Expository *Best answer is informative, however this is not a choice, so Expository is the right answer

What type of writing is this? A. Narrative B. Persuasive C. Expository D. Technical

A. Persuasive *This passage does explain something but it was it was MAINLY written to get you to agree with how great President Washington was

What type of writing is this? A. Persuasive B. Narrative C. Technical D. Expository

B. Expository *This is explaining what different markings and coloration of snakes means

What type of writing is this? A. Technical B. Expository C. Persuasive D. Narrative

A. Technical *It is a set of instructions = Technical

What type of writing is this? A. Technical B. Narrative C. Persuasive D. Expository

C. To inform *This is ultimately written to inform the employees about a policy that is in place & to give clear instructions to the consequences if the policy is not followed

What type of writing is this? A. To persuade B. To entertain C. To inform D. To express feelings

bile

What's stored inside the gallbladder?

Chronological order signal words

When How often Length of time today always all year yesterday rarely all season later often all day now never since last year seldom one day

Photosynthesis

When does carbon dioxide and water converted into glucose?

Author's purpose

Why the author writes a text. To entertain: Poetry, stories, folktales, mysteries. To express feelings: Stories, poems, letters, articles. To inform/explain: Provides information. How-to articles, brochures, recipes, lab reports, technical writing. To persuade: Attempts to convince you of something. Advertisements, editorial, essays.

Exclamatory

With strong emotion

Exclamatory

With strong emotions.

Guide word

Words in a dictionary that help readers locate words

Guide words

Words in a dictionary that help readers locate words

Guide word

Words in a dictionary that help readers to locate words.

Search term

Words used to find information via a search engine

2nd Person

You, Your

The next three questions are based on the following passage NOTE: The instructor of a history class has just finished grading the essay exams from his students, and the results are not good. The essay exam was worth 70% of the final course score. The highest score in the class was a low B, and more than have of the class of 65 students failed the exam. In view of this, the instructor reconsiders his grading plan for the semester and sends out an email message to all students. Dear students: The score for the essay exam have been posted in the online course grade book. By now, many of you have probably seen your grade and are a little concerned.( And if you're not concerned, you should be- at least a bit!) At the beginning of the semester. , I informed the class that I have a strict grading policy and that all scores will stand unquestioned. With each class comes a new challenge, however, and as any good instructor will tell you, sometimes the original plan has to change. As a result, I propose the following options for students to make up their score: 1) I Will present the class with an extra credit project at the next course meeting. The extra credit project will be worth 150% of the point value of the essay exam that has just been completed. While I will not drop the essay exam score, I will give you more than enough of a chance to make up the difference and raise your overall score. 2) I will allowed each student to develop his or her own extra credit project. This project may reflect the tenor of option number 1 (above) but will allow the student to create a project more in his or her own line of interest. Bear in mind, however, that this is more of a risk. The scoring for option number 2 will be more subjective, depending on whether or not I feel that the project is a successful alternative to the essay exam. If it is, the student will be awarded up to 150% of the point value of the essay exam. 3) I will provide the class with the option of developing a group project. Students may form groups of 3 or 4 and put together an extra credit project that reflects a stronger response to the questions in the essay exam. This extra credit project will receive an equal score for the project, so there is a risk in this as well. If you are part of a group in which you do most of the work, each member of the group will receive equal credit for it. The purpose of the project is to allow students to work together and arrive at a stronger response than if each worked individually. If you are interested in pursuing extra credit to make up for the essay exam, please choose one of the options above. No other extra credit opportunities will be provided for the course. Good Luck! Dr. Edwards Which of the following describes this type of writing? a. Technical b. Narrative c. Persuasive d. Expository

a

Which of the following is a primary source? a. A report of an original research experiment b. An academic textbook's citation of research c. A quotation of a researcher in a news article d. A website description of another's research

a

encyclopedia

a book or set of books giving information on many subjects or on many aspects of one subject and typically arranged alphabetically.

almanac

a book that gives you important dates such tidal waves, astronomical events, etc.

stereotypes

a characteristics ascribed to groups of people involving gender, race, origin

reactants

a chemical reaction, atom, molecules ions interact to form new substances

Surfactant

a detergent found bathing the alveoli, which reduces surface tension to prevent lung collapse

thesaurus

a dictionary that has definitions, synonyms, and antonyms

Epiglottis

a flap of cartilage that cover the entrance of the pharynx

compass

a four or eight pointed shape on a map that indicates direction (north, northeast, east, etc.)

bitten by the travel bug

a funny way to describe when someone begins to want to travel. After the "bug" bites you, you will really want to travel.

Bibliography

a list pf books, magazines, articles, ect

catalogue

a listing of all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a library

DNA

a molecule that contains genetic information that determines physical characteristics or traits

parasympathetic nerves

a person is at rest or eating

sympathetic nerves

a person is excited or scared

cynics

a person who believes that people are motivated purely by self-interest rather than acting for honorable or unselfish reasons.

editorial

a piece of writing that is expressing opinions or bias about a subject.

airfield

a place where military or small planes fly from

Mitosis

a process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells from a single parent

appendix

a section or table at the end of the book

prefix

a set of letters added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning

anecdote

a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person. Interesting or amusing in nature.

Anecdote

a short story that illustrates a concept but isn't the main idea

Haploid

a single copy of each chromosome

Maria is conducting a study that will examine the ideas of middle school teachers, concerning the usage of iphones in the classroom. She interviews all teachers, who teach a computer software course. Which of the following best describes the appropriateness of her sample? a. The sample is biased because it only includes teachers, who are immerse in the technology field. b. The sample is biased because the sample size is too small. c. The sample is biased because the sample size is too large d. The sample is not biased and is appropriate for the study

a.

The next three questions are based on the following information. The Dewey Decimal Classes 000 Computer science, information, and general works 100 Philosophy and psychology 200 Religion 300 Social science 400 Languages 500 Science and mathematics 600 Technical and applied science 700 Arts and recreation 800 Literature 900 History, geography, and biography Lise is doing a research project on the various psychological theories that Sigmund Freud developed and on the modern response to those theories. She is not sure where to begin, so she consults the chart of Dewey Classes. To which section of the library should she go to begin looking for research material? a. 100 b. 200 c. 300 d. 900

a.

With which of the following statements would the author most likely agree? a. There is no real mystery about the Bermuda Triangle because most events have reasonable explanations. b. Researchers are wrong to expand the focus of the Triangle to the Azores because this increases the likelihood of accidents. c. The official statement of "causes or reasons unknowns" in the loss of the Navy planes was a deliberate concealment from the Navy. d. Reducing the legends about the mysteries of the Bermuda Triangle will help to reduce the number of reported accidents or shipping losses in that region.

a.

bia

against something or someone

glossary

alphabetical list of terms of words with definition

whats glossary?

alphabetical list of terms of words with definition

tiny air sacs

alveoli.

Salivary Glands

amylase digests on polysaccharide

Index

an alphabetical listing of names and topics along with page numbers and where they are discussed in a book.

Alamanac

an annual calendar containing important dates and statistical information such as astronomical data and tide tables.

Hemoglobin

an iron containing protein that facilitates gas exchange by binding to oxygen or carbon dioxide

Gametes

an ovum and sperm cell

which of these sentences represents a summary sentence for the passage? A) a spacesuit is much more than a set of clothes astronauts wear on spacewalks B) NASAs first spacewalks took place during the Gemini program C) the advanced crew escape suit is the orange suit that astronauts wear during launch and landing of the space D) NASA is also looking at what will be needed on spacesuits for trips to mars

answer: A) a spacesuit is much more than a set of clothes astronauts wear on spacewalks

distal

away from the body

deep

away from the body surface opposite of superficial

per

away or through

The guide words at the top of a dictionary page are INTRAUTERINE and INVEST. Which of the following words is an entry on this page? a. Intransigent b. Introspection c.Investiture d. Intone

b

The next three questions are based on the following passage As little as three years before her birth, few would have thought that the child born Princess Alexandrina Victoria would eventually become Brittain's longest monarch, Queen Victoria. She was born in 1819, the only child of Edward, Duke of Kent, who was the fourth son of King George III. Ahead of Edward were three brothers, two of whom became king but none of whom produced a legitimate, , surviving heir, King George's eldest son, who was eventually crowned King George IV, secretly married a Catholic commoner, Maria Fitzherbert, in 1783. The marriage was never officially recognized, and in 1795, George was persuaded to marry a distant cousin, Caroline of Brunswick. The marriage was bitter, and the two had only one daughter, Princess Charlotte Augusta. She was popular in England where her eventual reign was welcome, but in a tragic event that shocked the nation, the princess and her stillborn son dies in childbirth in 1817. Realizing the precarious position of the British throne, the remaining sons of King George III were motivated to marry and produce an heir. The first in line was Prince Frederick, the Duke of York. Frederick married Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia, but the two had no children. After Prince Frederick was Prince William, the Duke of Clarence. William married Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, and they had two sickly daughters neither of whom survived infancy. Finally, Prince Edward, the Duke of Kent, threw his hat into the ring with his marriage to Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield. The Duke of Kent died less than a year after his daughter's birth, but the surviving Duchess of Kent was not unaware of the future possibilities for her daughter. She took every precaution to ensure that the young Princess Victoria was healthy and safe throughout her childhood. Princess Victoria's uncle, William, succeeded his brother George IV to become King William IV. The new king recognized his niece as his future heir, but he did not necessarily trust her mother. As a result, he was determined to survive until Victoria's eighteenth birthday to ensure that she could rule in own right without the regency of the Duchess of Kent. The king's fervent prayers were answered: he died June, 1837, less than one month after Victoria turned eighteen. Through young and inexperienced, the young queen recognized the importance of her position and determined to rule fairly and wisely. The improbable princess who became queen ruled for more than sixty-three years, and her reign is considered to be one of the most important in British history. Which of the following is a logical conclusion that can be drawn from the information in the passage above? a. Victoria's long reign provided the opportunity for her to bring balance to England and right the wrongs that had occurred during the reigns of her uncles. b. It was the death of Princess Charlotte Augusta that motivated the remaining princes to marry and start families. c. The Duke of kent had hoped for a son but was delighted with his good fortune in producing the surviving heir that his brothers had failed to produce. d. King William IV was unreasonably suspicious of the Duchess of Kent's motivations, as she cared only for her daughter's well-being.

b

What is one idea that the students above seem to agree on, based on their statements? a. Students should be allowed to express themselves through apparel. b. Schools should gibe students a certain amount of respect. c. Students should focus more on school than on appearence d. Schools would violate students basic rights by enforcing a dress code.

b

Which of the following best describes the organization of the information in this passage? a. Cause-effect b. Chronological sequence c. Problem solution d. comparison-contrast

b

Also during her research, Lise learns about Freud's Jewish background, and she decides to compare Freud's theories to traditional Judaism. To which section of the library should she go for more information on this subject? a. 100 b. 200 c. 800 d. 900

b.

Follow the instructions to transform the starting word into a different word. 1. Start with the word ESOTERIC 2. Remove both instances of the letter E from the word 3. Remove the letter i from the word 4. Move the letter T from the middle of the word to the end of the word 5. Remove the letter C from the word What new word has been spelled? a. Sect b. Sort c. Sore d. Tore

b.

Literacy rates are lower today than they were fifteen years ago. Then, most people learned to read through the use of phonics. Today, whole language programs are favored by many educators. If these statements are true, It can be concluded that a. whole language is more effective at teaching people to read than phonics. b. phonics is more effective at teaching people to read than whole language. c. literacy rates will probably continue to decline over 15 years. d. the definition of what it means to be literate is much stricter now.

b.

The student couldn't help but smile when the teacher singled out her newspaper article as a __signal__ accomplishment among the class's final issue of the school newspaper.

based on the context of the sentence above, which of the following is the definition of the underlined word? A) exceptional B) vague C) tocsin D) admonition

PH greater than 7

basic solution (less acidic)

Liver

break down and build up biological molecules, stores vitamin and iron, destroy blood cells and poison, bile aids in digestion,

Digestive system function

break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed

What is the author's likely purpose in writing this passage about Queen Victoria? a. To persuade the reader to appreciate the accomplishments of Queen Victoria, especially when placed against the failures of her forebears b. To introduce the historical impact of the Victorian Era by introducing to readers the Queen who gave that era its name c. To explain how small events in history placed an unlikely princess in line to become the queen of England. d. To indicate the role that King George III's many sons played in changing the history of England.

c

Which of the following best describes the instructor's purpose in writing this email to his students? a. To berate students for the poor scores that they made on the recent essay exam. b.To encourage students to continue working hard in spite of failure. c. To give students the opportunity to make up the bad score and avoid failing the course. d. To admit that the essay exam was likely too difficult for must students

c

Which of the following is a logical conclusion based on the information that is provided within the passage? a. Like Elizabeth I, Charles II never married and thus never had children. b. The English people were relieved each time that James II"s wife Mary lost another child, as this prevented the chance of a Catholic monarch. c. Charles I's beheading had less to do with religion than with other political problems that England was facing d. Unlike his son and grandsons, King James I had no Catholic leanings and was faithful of the Protestant Church of England

c

Which of the following represents an opinion statement on the part of the author? a. The with having a larger Bermuda Triangle is that it increases the odds of accidents. b. The area known as the Bermuda Triangle has become such a part of popular culture that it can be difficult to sort through the myth and locate the truth. c. The increase in ships from East Asia no doubt contributes to an increase in accidents. d. Most consider the Triangle to stretch from Miami to Puerto Rico and include the island of Bermuda.

c

Which of the following statements could NOT provide support for BOTH arguments? a. A number of local school districts have recently implemented dress codes. b. School administrators have been in talks with parents over the issue of uniforms c.Students have reported that school uniforms are costly and typically ill=fitting. d. Several groups of students have been organized to discuss uniform dress codes

c

Adelaide attempted to ASSUAGE her guilt over the piece of cheesecake by limiting herself to salads the following day. Which of the following is the definition for the assuage word in the sentence? a. increase b. support c. appease d. conceal

c.

During her research, Lise discovers that Freud's theory of the Oedipal complex was based on ancient Greek mythology that was made famous by Sophocles' play Oedipus Rex. To which section of the library should she go if is interested to reading the play? a. 300 b. 400 c. 800 d. 900

c.

The next four questions are based on the following passage. The Bermuda Triangle The area known as the Bermuda Triangle has become such a part of popular culture that it can be difficult to separate fact from fiction. The interest first began when five Navy planes vanished in 1945, officially resulting from "causes or reasons unknown." The explanations about other accidents in the Triangle range from the scientific to the supernatural. Researchers have never been able to find anything truly mysterious about what happens in the Bermuda Triangle, if there even is a Bermuda Triangle. What is more one of the biggest challenges in considering the phenomenon is deciding how much area actually represents the Bermuda Triangle. Most consider the Triangle to stretch from Miami out to Puerto Rico and to include the island of Bermuda. Others expand the area to include all of the Caribbean islands and to extend eastward as far as the Azores, which are closer to Europe than they are to North America. The problem with having a larger Bermuda Triangle is it increase the odds of accidents. There is near-constant travel, by ship and plane, across the Atlantic, and accidents are expected to occur. In fact, the Bermuda Triangle happens to fall within one of the busiest navigational regions in the world, and the reality of greater activity creates the possibility for more to go wrong. Shipping records suggest that there is not a greater than average loss of vessels within the Bermuda Triangle, and many researchers have argued that the reputation of the Triangle makes any accident seem out of the ordinary. In fact, most accidents fall within the expected margin of error. The increase in ships from East Asia no doubt contributes to an increase in accidents. And as for the story of the Navy planes that disappeared within the Triangle, many researchers now conclude that it was the result of mistakes on the part of the pilot who were flying into storm clouds and simply got lost. Which of the following describes this type of writing? a. Narrative b. Persuasive c. Expository d. Techincal

c.

agonizing

causing great suffering

what happened to the body when the sudoriferous glands is warming?

cease sweating

Centrosome

cell organization

What part does digestion play in the digestive system?

chemical breakdown of nutrients into smaller units that enter the internal environment

four ways to structure a text?

chronological (time), cause and effect, problem/solution, and compare/contrast

bog standard

completely ordinary, without anything special added

integumentary system

consist of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails, waterproofs the body, and helps regulate body temperature

what happened to the body when the blood vessel is warming?

constructed

Plasma

contain protein, iron, glucose, amino acid, hormones and dissolved gases

ventral body cavity

contains all the body structure within the chest and abdomen.

dorsal body cavity

contains the cranial cavity and spinal cord

Parasympathetic nerves

control basic body functions

Frontal lobe

control emotion, judgement, motor action of speech and voluntary

Nervous tissue

control external and internal environment

Describe the use of camels, goats, sheep, horses, pigs, and cows in Central Park

cows - milk, sheep - cut grass & wool, pigs & goats - cut grass, camels - rides & pulled mowers, horses - pulled carriages

flak

criticism

Cartilage Tissue

cushions and provides structural support

What is present in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

cytoplasm

Ninette has celiac disease, which means that she cannot eat any product containing gluten. Gluten is protein present in many grains such as wheat, rye,, and barley. Because of her health condition, Ninette has to be careful about what she eats to avoid having an allergic reaction. She will be attending an all-day industry event, and she requested the menu in advance. Here is the menu: Breakfast: Fresh coffee or tea, scramble eggs, bacon or sausageee Lunch: Spinach salad (dressing available on the side), roasted chicken, steamed rice Cocktail Hour: Various beverages, fruit and cheese plate Dinner: Spaghetti and sauce, tossed salad, garlic bread During which of these meals should Ninette be careful to bring her own food? a. Breakfast b. Lunch c. Cocktail hour d. Dinner

d

The latest movie by a certain director get bad reviews before it opens in theatres. Consequently, very few people go to the movie and the director is given less money to make his next movie, which is also unsuccessful What can be inferred from this scenario? a. This director makes terrible movies b. The general public does not pay attention to movie reviews c. The movie reviewers were right about he first movie d. Movie reviewers exert influence on the movie quality

d

Which of the following best describes the author's intent in the passage? a. To persuade b. To entertain c. To express feeling d. To inform

d

Which of the following sentences is most representative of a summary sentence for this passage? a. The problem with having a larger Bermuda Triangle is that it increases the odds of accidents. b. The area that is called the Bermuda Triangle happens to fall within one of the busiest navigational regions in the world, and the reality of greater activity creates the possibility for more to go wrong. c. One of the biggest challenges in considering the phenomenon id deciding how much area actually represents the Bermuda Triangle. d. Researchers have never been able to find anything truly mysterious about what happens in the Bermuda Triangle, if there even is a Bermuda Triangle

d.

hypodermis

deepest layer contain blood vessels and adipose tissue

WBC

defend against infections and remove various wastes

tone

describes the author's attitude toward the topic

Smooth ER

detoxification and lipid synthesis steroids detoxify alcohol and drug storage site for calcium

Endocytosis

eating large particles into a cell

phagocytosing

eating, bacteria and mediating inflammatory responses

Ventricular contraction

empty them, forcing circulation

What part does secretion play in the digestive system?

enzymes, hormones and other substances

What are the four basic tissue types in humans:

epithelial, connective , muscular, and nervous.

sensationalized

especially of a newspaper present information about (something) in a way that provokes public interest and excitement, at the expense of accuracy.

express feelings

evoking a feeling or emotion in the reader.

3. Notice phrasing that indicates an example (skim over examples).

ex: illustration of, for example, for instance, this can be seen when, to illustrate, etc.

Hyperbole

exaggeration

worn out

exhausted

topic sentence

express the main point of a paragraph, or of a larger text structure.

Sympathetic nerves

fight or flight response

Cartilaginous joint

fill the spaces between some bones and restrict movement

Atrial contraction

fill the ventricles

igni

fire

Innate immune functions

first line of defense that includes both physical and chemical barriers

Procedural Signal Words

first, then, second, finally, now, next, while, when, last, before, and after

peptide bond

forms with the removal of a water molecule from the carboxyl and amino group

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

found in chromosomes and stores​ the genetic information of an organism

table of contents

found in the beginning provides an overview of a document, outlining its basic structure.

Synovial joints

freely moveable, found at the shoulder and knees

Cholecystokin (CCK) target?

gallbladder; pancreas; stomach

descriptive

give physical details or provide unique characteristics

Eccrine glands

glands that produce sweat; found all over the body

Glugagon

glucose is gone

ire

go

neutrophils

granulocytes (WBC)

grandeur

greatness, impressiveness

Anemia

hemoglobin levels are low lack of RBC, (Ex. iron deficiency or sickle cell trait)

Why is Central Park called "The Greatest work of American Art in the 1800s"?

highly composed, carefully executed, used variety of materials to create something new and origional

Leptin Target?

hypothalamus

what is ghrelin targets?

hypothalamus

Mitosis: Telophase

identical sets of chromosomes and cytokinesis completes

problem-solution

illustrated by presenting the problem in one paragraph, and the solution in another.

second line of defense

include fever inflammation.

text features

include such formating devices as bold or italicized fonts, indented text, and bulleted or numbered lists.

Glucagon function

increase blood glucose levels

what is insulin stimulus for release?

increase in blood glucose level

what happened to the body when the sudoriferous glands is Cooling

increased sweating

Logic follows rules that are

independent of the subjective fallacies of the investigator.

Ghrelin function

induce hunger

Invasive BP complication

infection and bleeding

pathogens

infectious agents

Pineal

influence biorhythms and sexual activity

mood

influences a reader emotional state in the piece.

Pituitary gland

influences growth, metabolism and regeneration

implicit information

info that can be inferred from a passage but is not stated outright

explicit information

info that is directly stated in a passage

Somatostain function

inhibits gastric secretion and slow digestion

Midbrain

integrate sensory signal and orchestrates responses to these signals

Thalamus

interpret sensation from touch, pain, receptor

expository

introduces or explains a subject, that is necessary for understanding later ideas

Which method of BP is most accurate, invasive or non-invasive?

invasive

smooth muscle

involuntary control, found in the walls of the hollow organs, such as intestines, blood vessels, bladder, and uterus

physiology

is the study of the function of the organs and body systems

Anatomy

is the study of the structure of organs and body systems.

text structure

is the way in which a given text is organized.

figurative language

language used beyond its literal meaning includes devices like metaphors and hyperbole (exaggeration)

to flock

large amounts of people go to the same place at the same time

zeppelin

large gas-filled balloon

Describe the statue of William Tecumseh Sherman.

led by Lady Victory, horse is stomping a Georgia Pine, gold symbolizes cost of war and riches of victory

scale

line on a map marked to show the relationship between distance on the map and real-life distance

table of contents

list at the beginning of a book that shows chapters (and sometimes headings or subheadings) and the page where they begin.

index

list in the back of a book that includes the topics included in the book and the page numbers where they appear

whats a bibliography?

list of books, magazines, articles, etc

tertiary source

list of primary and secondary sources, such as bibliography or index

ignited

lit or made to burn

Glucagon Target

liver

insulin targets

liver, muscle, and adipose tissue

table of contents

located in the front and tells you units, chapters, headings, and page numbers.

Cilia

locomotion

barracking

loud shouting by someone who disagrees with a person who is speaking

Glucagon stimulus for release

low blood sugar level

Thymus

lymphoid organ neck

entertain

main goal is not to teach or persuade. Author is telling a story.

authors purpose

main reason for writing a particular piece

Persuasive

making you believe something or to do something

Diaphysis is composed of what?

marrow cavity compact bone periosteum (surround and protect the bone)

What is the brain consists of?

medulla Oblongata, Cerebellum and Pons

The process by which gametes reduce there DNA content is called

meiosis

Printed Communication

memos, announcements, and advertisements

Action potential

messenger sent across the plasma membrane of neutrons

Brain stem consist of?

midbrain pons medulla

Dermis

middle layer contain nerve ending, hair follicles, sweat and oil glands and capillaries

The process of cell duplication in which two daughter cells receive exactly the same nuclear material as the original cell

mitosis

What part does movement play in the digestive system?

mixes and passes nutrients through the system and eliminates wastes

Stomach function

mixing and storing food dissolving and degrading food via secretions controlling passage of food into the small intestine

modes and structures

modes: persuasive, expository, and narrative types of writing (structure) that fall under each- expository: compare/contrast, procedure, cause and effect. Narrative- myths, biographies, short stories, poetry, and novels.

main idea

most important point being made

Digestive system consists of?

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestine, rectum, and anus

Muscular tissue

movement

Skeletal System Function

movement mineral storage support protection blood cell formation

Digestive system function

movement secretion digestion absorption

Osmosis

movement of solvent from lower concentration to higher concentration

immigration

moving into a region or country.

What are on the gates leading into the park? Why?

names of respected professions to educate immigrants and freed slaves

what type of passage is the UFO?

narrative

Airway consist of?

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles

What was the "Greensward Plan"?

natural, wild areas, away from noise

urgency

need for immediate attention

PNS consist of?

nerves and ganglia sympathetic nerves parasympathetic nerves

PNS

neurons (nerve cells) send and receive signal throughout the body

Neurotransmitters

neurons communicate across the synapse

inferences

next step or logical conclusion that is not actually written in the text; rather it is deduced by the reader, based on information that is in the text.

ordinary

normal

Respiratory system components

nose, throat and lungs

Apocrine glands

not active until puberty found in armpits, nipples, groin

answer:

not until a person has mastered the requisite skills should he or she attempt to lie in a serious manner

what does the word infamous mean?

notorious

what does the word infamous means?

notorious

where are some useful places to look for the main idea/ topic sentence?

one common place for the topic sentence is in the beginning. -topic sentence -key ideas/supporting detail -key ideas/supporting detail -key ideas/supporting detail

centi

one hundred

hecto

one hundred

micro

one millionth

deci

one tenth

kilo

one thousand

Milli

one thousandth

Forums

online message board

whats a forum?

online message board

Anus

opening for the eliminaion of feces

Urinary system

or excretory system helps maintain the water and electrolyte balance within the body.

The respiratory system supplies the body with _______ and removes___________

oxygen; carbon dioxide

Describe the process of creating Central Park

painted, used 10 million loads of earth, planted 500,000 trees

Secretin target?

pancreas, stomach, liver

what does gastric target?

parietal cells of the stomach

What part does absorption play in the digestive system?

passage o nutrients through plasma membranes into the blood or lymph and then to the body

technical

passes along precise information, usually formal, or semi-formal style, usually in bullets or numbered.

Why were there origionally no straight walking paths in the plan for Central Park?

people didn't want to look each other in the eye

Stomach

pepsin digest protein, HCL( hydrochloric acid) activate enzymes, break up food, kill germs, mucus protect stomach walls and limited absorption

what type of passage is social media?

persuasive

what type of passage is the casino?

persuasive

what type of passage is the robbery?

persuasive

Macrophage

phagocytes that alert T cells to the presence of foreign substances

Dendritic cells

phagocytic cells that kills extracellular pathogens

adenine and guanine

purines

thymine and cytosine

pyrimidines

Innate arm

quick to respond

footage

raw, unedited material as it had been originally recorded

Large Intestine

reabsorbs some water and ions, forms and stores feces

whats an index?

reference in alphabetical order to where everything is in the book

Integumentary System Function

regulate body temp protection sensation immunity blood reservoir vitamin D production

Parathyroid

regulate calcium levels in the blood, absorption, and secretes hormones

Thyroid gland

regulate metabolism and function in growth and development

Autonomic Nervous System

regulates body processes that do not equire conscious control

Medulla

regulates breathing, swallowing, and heart beat

Hypothalamus

regulates hunger, sleep, thirst, and involuntary mechanisms

what happened to the body when a hair follicle is cooling?

relax

Insulin

released in response to high blood glucose, induced the storage of glucose in glycogen and stimulating glucose uptake by cells.

Basophils

releasing histamine and mediating allergic reactions

Cerebrum

responsible for thought and perception as well as visual and auditory processing

Parasympathetic

resting state

products

resulting output

for the chili recipe, what should be done first?

rinse beans first

Lysozyme location

saliva, tears, mucus

conservation

saving the planet and nature

Taxonomy

science of classification

italiciced

scientific name of organisms are italiciced (ex. staphyloccocus aureus)

Adrenal glands

secretes cortisone and adrenaline which help during emergencies

Somatostatin Target

secretory stomach cell

legend

section of a map that explains what the map's symbols mean

whats an appendix?

section or table at the end of the book

topic sentence

sentence that introduces the topic of a text; often the first sentence in the passage

Atrioventricle valves

separate atria and ventricles

answer:

sequence

in a work of literature or nonfiction, what is the purpose of an index

serves as a reference for readers, listing the location of specific topics or concepts within the book.

stratified epithelium

serves as protection.

suffix

set of letters added to the end of the word to change its meaning

whats an anecdote?

short story that illustrates a concept but isn't the main idea

Epiphyseal plate

site of new bone growth

Integument

skin

Axial skeletal

skull, sternum, ribs, and vertebral column

adaptive arm

slower to activate but it specifically targets a pathogen and forms memory cells

Interferon

small chemical messenger, to signal to nearby cells the presence of a foreign pathogen and activate innate defense in the cells

fact

something that can be proven

mystery

something unknown, something that needs to be found out

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

source of energy

secondary source

source of info created by someone who did not participate in or witness an event; created after an event has occurred

primary source

source of info provided by a participant in or witness to an event

Synapse

space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another

Meiosis: Prophase II

spindle fibers begin to reappear and centrioles moves to opposite poles.

Gastrin function

stimulates gastric acid and mucosal secretion; increase motility

secretin function

stimulates pancreas to release bicarbonate; inhibit gastric emptying; increase bile secretion

Rectum

store and expel feces

persuasive/argumentative

strong opinion signal words and phrases: in the first place, without a doubt, undoubtedly, unquestionably, it is my belief that, all that to the side, from my point of view, I question whether.

Arteries

strong, elastic vessels adapted to the high pressure of blood as it leaves the heart

Nervous tissue​

structure for the brain spinal cord and nerves Made up of neurons

topic

subject of a text or what the text is about

Chemical synapses

substances are released that stimulates or inhibits the actions of the adjoining cell

Pharynx

swallowing

inflammation

swelling of the tissue and fever

compass rose

symbol that indicates the cardinal direction. it has an arrow pointing north.

deca

ten

narrative

text that tells a story, or relates a chain of events.

topic

that part of a sentence about which something is said. (a conversation)

small intestine

the absorption of nutrients. consist of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

main idea

the argument the author makes in a text passage

cause and effect

the author describes a situation and then its effects

compare and contrast

the author explores the similarities and differences between two or more things

Chronological

the author list events in the order in which they happened

comparison-contrast

the author may present two different cases with the intent of making the reader consider the differences between the two cases.

cause-effect

the author normally presents an action first, and then describes the effects that result or may result from that action.

cells

the basic unit of all life.

central nervous system

the brain and spinal cord

organism

the highest level of organization the result of all organ systems in the working together in the body.

connotation

the implied meaning of a word created by context and usage

answer:

the index

distance scale

the legend that tells how to interpret distances on the map.

denotative meaning

the literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase Questioning - ask questions of (someone), especially in an official context.

Counterclaim

the opposition's reason against the author's claim

Meiosis

the original cell divide twice and the four resulting cells each contain a single copy of each chromosome

Signal words for problem and solution passages

the problem so that for this reason if ... then... because this led to a solution one reason for

persaude

the reader to a particular viewpoint

lateral

the sides of the body

atoms

the smallest parts of elements combine to form a molecule

theme

the subject to talk, a piece of writing, a person thoughts

bolster

the support or strengthen something

the environment

the world around us/nature

author purpose

their reason to write a specific topic

testify

to give evidence

wander

to go from one place to another without any definite plans

to flourish

to grow and develop

recruit

to hire, employ

explore

to look around and find new things

undervalue

to underestimate

superficial

toward or at the body surface

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

translate the DNA into a form that can be read to create protein

The process of protein production from messenger RNA is called

translation

Veins

transport blood toward the heart

Esophagus

transport food

Diffusion

transport from higher to lower concentration

RBC

transport oxygen to cells

bold text

used to emphasize words

Describe what a landscape architect does

uses trees, bushes, streams, rocks, and ponds to creat rooms in nature

index

usually in the end. A list of names, topics, and ideas mentioned in a text.

perspective

view; a way of seeing things

assaults

violent physical or verbal attacks

Larynx

voice box

skeletal muscle

voluntary

Lysome

waste breakdown

Cerebellum lobe

what control muscle coordination

Parietal lobe

what control pain and temp.

Decipital lobe

what control vizual

Friends and Fellow Citizens: Called upon to undertake the duties of the first executive office of our country, I avail myself of the presence of that portion of my fellow-citizens which is here assembled to express my grateful thanks for the favor with which they have been pleased to look toward me, to declare a sincere consciousness that the task is above my talents, and that I approach it with those anxious and awful presentiments which the greatness of the charge and the weakness of my powers so justly inspire." - Thomas Jefferson

what is jeffersons point in this excerpt? A) jefferson is envious of George Washingtons popularity B) Jefferson has no concern for public opinion. he wants only to do what is best for the nation C) jefferson wants to retire with a good reputation D) without the support of the governed, a leader cannot lead

"You want to be very careful about lying; otherwise you are nearly sure to get caught. Once caught, you can never again be in the eyes to the good and the pure, what you were before. Many a young person has injured himself permanently through a single clumsy and ill finished lie, the result of carelessness born of incomplete training. Some authorities hold that the young ought not to lie at all. I do maintain, and I believe I am right, that the young ought to be temperate in the use of this great art until practice and experience shall give them that confidence, elegance, and precision which alone can make the accomplishment graceful and profitable. Patience, diligence, painstaking attention to detail—these are requirements; these in time, will make the student perfect; upon these only, may he rely as the sure foundation for future eminence." - Mark Twain

what is mark twains main point about lying in this passage? A) truth is mighty and will always prevail B)Not until a person has mastered the requisite skills should he or she attempt to lie in a serious manner C) its important to learn to lie in a convincing manner D) it takes a lot of practice to become a good liar

Compared to most of our country's other Founding Fathers, Thomas Paine is essentially unknown. In fact, there are many Americans who have never even heard of him. Paine was born in 1737, the son of a corseter - a tailor specializing in corsets and other undergarments - and grew up in rural Thetford, England. As a young man, Paine worked as a corseter, sailor, and minister, but found his true calling when he moved to the British colonies in America

which of the following conclusions may logically be drawn from the first paragraph of the passage? A) paine was one of the founding fathers B) paine was forgotten after his lifetime C) The declaration of independence could not have been written without paines contribution D) paines wide range of job experiences likely helped him develop his political opinions

The Louis Lumière camera launched in Paris on December 28th, 1895. It was called the Cinématographe and it was the first camera manageable enough to bring out of the studio and into the world. Its competitor, at the time, was still confined to a studio in New Jersey and required several men to move. The Lumière camera weighed only 5 kilograms and could be carried in a small suitcase. An audience of journalists, theatre directors, and friends viewed the first show. After that, the public shows commenced. Louis Lumière, often considered the founder of documentary film, was the son of Antoine Lumière, a painter who had turned to portrait photography, photographing well-to-do clients against backdrops he painted. Louis and his brother Auguste received a technical education, but Louis left school at an early age because of severe headaches, and took up laboratory work for his father. While still a teenager, he invented a new procedure for preparing photographic plates, which gave such fine results that the Lumières began to manufacture plates for others. Soon the family sold the photo studio and on the outskirts of Lyon organized a factory of plates. Louis designed and oversaw everything. By 1895, the factory employed more than 300 workers, produced fifteen million dry plates annually, and was a leader in photographic equipment. During this time, his father was semi-retired, spending his days painting, and the two brothers were consistently working on new inventions. Although they worked as a team on nearly everything, Louis was considered the sole inventor of the Cinématographe, having solved its problems during a night of insomnia in 1894. The Cinématographe was not only small and light; it also had the miraculous capability of filming, projecting, and printing. This meant that an operator could serve as a complete production crew: he or she could be sent anywhere in the world to give showings, shoot new films by day, develop films in his or her hotel room, and show them to the public that very night. Because of this, the Lumière's sent dozens of operators to film and present shows across Europe, Russia, and Great Britain. Cinématographe's debuts in London and New York were similar to that of Paris—slow at first, but eventually a shocking success. Cinema quickly became part of music hall programs and Cinématographe shows gained permanent residence.

which of the following technological developments would most closely resemble the innovation of the cinematographe? A) a fishing boat that travels faster and on less fuel per trip, greatly enhancing the cost-effectiveness of fishing companies and the availability of fish in inland markets B) an automated clothing machine that fits in the back of a truck and can produce complete outfits in minutes from designs created on its computer, greatly reducing the time needed to create custom- tailored outfits for consumers C) a camera that can survive atmosperis re-entry, greatly increasing the number of pictures of outer space possible per taxpayer dollar spent D) a factory assembly line requiring only two operators that can produce luxury vehicles inexpensively, greatly increasing the market penetration of luxury vehicles

A spacesuit consists of several pieces. The Hard Upper Torso covers the astronaut's chest. The arm assembly covers the arms and connects to the gloves. The helmet and Extravehicular Visor Assembly are designed to protect the astronaut's head while still allowing him or her to see as much as possible. The Lower Torso Assembly covers the astronaut's legs and feet. The flexible parts of the suit are made from several layers of material. The layers perform different functions, from keeping oxygen within the spacesuit to protecting from space dust. Underneath the spacesuit, astronauts wear a Liquid Cooling and Ventilation Garment. Tubes are woven into this tight-fitting piece of clothing that covers the entire body except for the head, hands and feet. Water flows through these tubes to keep the astronaut cool during spacewalks. On the back of the spacesuit is a backpack called the Primary Life Support Subsystem. This backpack contains the oxygen that astronauts breathe during spacewalks. It also removes carbon dioxide that astronauts exhale. The backpack also provides electricity for the suit. A fan moves the oxygen through the spacesuit and life support systems, and a water tank holds the cooling water that flows through the Liquid Cooling and Ventilation Garment.

which paragraph explains how spacesuits prevent overheating during a spacewalk? A) paragraph 1 B) paragraph 2 C) paragraph 3 D) paragraph 4

authors tone

writing about: against criminalization of marijuana in the US. Purpose: Persuade Point of View: strongly against Tone: negative, angry OR.... could be positive, hopeful tone (in favor of decriminalization)

multifunctioning

բազմաֆունկցիոնալություն

explain

բացատրել

comet

գիսաստղ

still in the air

դեռեւս օդում

suspect

ենթադրել, կասկածել

considerable

զգալի, դիտարկելի

hidden

թաքնված, latent

tree trunks

ծառի բներ

bluish-white

կապտավուն-սպիտակ

matter

հարց, նյութ, բուն իմաստ

flattened radially away

հեռացան/հարթեցված ճառագայթից դուրս

powerful

հզոր, potent, mighty, forceful,

branchless trunks

ճյուղերից զուրկ բներ

branches

մասնաճյուղեր

haze

մեգ

a number of bizarre

մի շարք հանելուկային/ֆանտաստիկա

observe

նկատել

stripped

շերտ-շերտ մերկացրած, կլպած, զոլերով

blast

պայթյուն, explosion

cause

պատճառը

stony

քարքարոտ

alien

օտար