The Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes - Chapter 18 (Review Questions)

During a pelvic sonogram, you visualize a small cyst located adjacent to the ovary. What is the most likely etiology of this cyst? a. Dermoid cyst b. Ovarian cystadenoma c. Endometrioma d. Paraovarian cyst

D) Paraovarian cyst

The dominant follicle prior to ovulation is termed the: a. Graafian follicle b. Corpus albicans c. Corpus luteum d. Medulla

Graafian follicle

The sonographic appearance of an ovarian dermoid tumor in which only the anterior elements of the mass can be seen, while the greater part of the mass is obscured by shadowing is consistent with: a. Whirlpool sign b. Tip of the iceberg sign c. Dermoid mesh sign d. Dermoid plug sign

b. tip of the iceberg sign

Sonographically, which of the following would most likely be confused for a pedunculated fibroid tumor because of its solid appearing structure? a. Serous cystadenoma b. Mucinous cystadenoma c. Fibroma d. Theca lutein cvst

c. Fibroma

What ovarian tumor will most likely have a moth-eaten appearance on sonography? a. Cystic teratoma b. Serous cystadenocarcinoma c. Krukenberg tumor d. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

c. Krukenberg tumor

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating ovarian volume? a. Length X width × height X 0.6243 b. Length × width X height X 0.3899 c. Length X width X height X 0.5233 d. Ovarian volume cannot be calculated

c. Length X width X height X 0.5233

The most common benign ovarian tumor is the: a. Cystic teratoma b. Mucinous cystadenoma c. Fibroma d. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

cystic teratoma

Normal ovarian flow is said to be: a. Low resistant during menstruation and high resistant during the proliferative phase b. High resistant during menstruation and low resistant at the time of ovulation c. Low resistant d. High resistant

B) High resistant during menstruation and low resistant at the time of ovulation

The malignant ovarian mass that is associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei is the: a. Dysgerminoma b. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor c. Serous cystadenocarcinoma d. Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

D) Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

The ovarian tumor associated with an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase is the: a. Dysgerminoma b. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor c. Androblastoma d. Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

Dysgerminoma

What substance does hysterosalpingography utilize for the visualization of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes? a. Saline b. Radiographic contrast c. Water d. Betadine

b. radiographic contrast

The short and narrow segment of the fallopian tube distal to the interstitial segment is the: a. Ampulla b. Fimbria c. Infundibulum d. Isthmus

d. isthmus

Which pelvic mass presents sonographically as a cystic mass with homogenous low-level internal echoes?

endometrioma

The fingerlike extensions of the fallopian tube are called: a. Fimbria b. Infundibulum c. Cilia d. Ampulla

fimbria

Which of the following is the most common malignancy of the ovary? a. Cystic teratoma b. Serous cystadenocarcinoma c. Krukenberg tumor d. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

B. Serous cystadenocarcinoma

Which of the following is a tumor of ectopic endometrial tissue? a. Brenner tumor b. Cystic teratoma c. Yolk sac tumor d. Endometrioma

D) Endometrioma

What ovarian mass is associated with virilization? a. Krukenberg tumor b. Cystic teratoma c. Serous cystadenoma d. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

D. sertoli-leydig cell tumor

Hairlike projections within the fallopian tube are called: a. Interstitia b. Fimbria c. Cilia d. Peristalsis

c. cilia

Which of the following is an estrogen-producing ovarian tumor? a. Cystic teratoma b. Fibroma c. Thecoma d. Endometrioma

c. thecoma

The cystic mass commonly noted with a pregnancy is the: a. Corpus luteum b. Dermoid cyst c. Dysgerminoma d. Serous cystadenoma

corpus luteum

The ovarian mass that contains fat, sebum, and teeth is the: a. Dermoid b. Fibroma c. Mucinous cystadenoma d. Yolk sac tumor

dermoid

which of the following tumors is composed of germ cells and patients with elevated alpha-fetoprotein

endodermal sinus tumor (AKA yolk sac tumor)

The most distal part of the fallopian tube is the: a. Cornu b. Ampulla c. Interstitial d. Infundibulum

infundibulum

Which of the following is associated with the "whirlpool sign"? a. Ovarian torsion b. Hydrosalpinx c. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome d. Ovarian carcinoma

ovarian torsion

what is the term used to describe a cyst located in the broad ligament?

paraovarian cyst

The ovarian cyst associated with gestational trophoblastic disease is the: a. Corpus luteum cyst b. Theca lutein cyst c. Dermoid cyst d. Paraovarian cyst

theca lutein cyst

The inner layer of the wall of the fallopian tube is the: a. Muscular layer b. Mucosal layer c. Myometrial layer d. Serosal layer

b. mucosal layer

After the Grafian follicle ruptures, the remaining structure is termed the: a. Graafian remnant b. Corpus albicans c. Corpus luteum d. Theca lutein cyst

c. Corpus luteum

An edometrioma most likely appears as a: a. Simple, anechoic mass with through transmission b. Complex mass with internal shadowing components c. Mostly cystic mass with low-level echoes d. Solid, hyperechoic shadowing mass

c. Mostly cystic mass with low-level echoes

Which of the following is also referred to as a chocolate cyst? a. Endometrioma b. Endometroid c. Cystic teratoma d. Androblastoma

Endometrioma

A 24-year-old female patient presents to the emergency department with severe right lower quadrant pain, nausea, and vomiting. The sonographic examination reveals an enlarged ovary with no detectable Doppler signal. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. Ovarian cystadenocarcinoma b. Cystic teratoma c. Ovarian torsion d. Endometriosis

C) Ovarian torsion

With what ovarian tumor is Meigs syndrome most likely associated? a. Dysgerminoma b. Cystic teratoma c. Fibroma d. Yolk sac tumor

C. Fibroma

which of the following best describes the normal appearance of a normal ovary?

<15 mL volume, hypoechoic to myometrium with multiple anechoic follicles

Blood within the fallopian tube is termed: a. Hydrosalpinx b. Hematosalpinx c. Pyosalpinx d. Hemosalpinx

B) Hematosalpinx

The malignant ovarian tumor with gastrointestinal origin is the: a. Brenner tumor b. Krukenberg tumor c. Yolk sac tumor d. Granulosa cell tumor

B) Krukenberg tumor

All of the following adnexal masses may appear sonographically similar to a uterine leiomyoma except: a. Thecoma b. Paraovarian cyst c. Fibroma d. Granulosa cell tumor

B) Paraovarian cyst

Which of the following is false with respect to theca lutein cysts?

they are found when hCG levels are decreased

The segment of the fallopian tube where fertilization typically occurs is the: a. Cornu b. Fimbria c. Interstitial d. Ampulla

ampulla

The longest and most tortuous segment of the fallopian tube is the: a. Fimbria b. Ampulla c. Isthmus d. Interstitial

b. Ampulla

Pus within the fallopian tube is termed: a. Hematosalpinx b. Pyosalpinx c. Hydrosalpinx d. Hemosalpinx

B) Pyosalpinx

A 55-year-old patient presents to the sonography department with a history of pelvic pressure, abdominal swelling, and abnormal uterine bleeding. A pelvic sonogram reveals a large, multiloculated cystic mass with papillary projections. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. Serous cystadenocarcinoma b. Cystic teratoma c. Androblastoma d. Dysgerminoma

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

A patient with an ovarian mass presents with an elevated serum AFP. Which of the following would be the most likely? a. Ovarian fibroma b. Ovarian thecoma c. Cystic teratoma d. Yolk sac tumor

Yolk sac tumor

What would be a predisposing condition that would increase the risk for suffering fro ovarian torsion? a. Hirsutism b. Excessive exercise c. Ovarian mass d. Sonohysterography

c. Ovarian mass

Which of the following sonographic findings would not increase the likelihood of an ovarian malignancy? a. Septation measuring >3 mm in thickness b. Irregular borders c. Solid wall nodule d. Anechoic components with acoustic enhancement

d. anechoic components with acoustic enhancement

The ovarian cysts that are most often bilateral and are associated with markedly elevated levels of hCG are the: a. Corpus luteum cysts b. Paraovarian cysts c. Granulosa cell cysts d. Theca lutein cysts

d. theca lutein cysts

What happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy occurs?

it can reach a size of up to 10cm but should resolve by 16 weeks of gestation

What ovarian neoplasm is a result of metastases of a gastrointestinal cancer?

krukenberg tumor

a sonogram of a postpubertal woman demonstrated a 5cm simple cyst on the left ovary. A follow-up exam 3 months later demonstrates a normal ovary. What do these findings likely represent?

resolution of a follicular retention cyst

an asymptomatic patients presents with bilateral large anechoic lesions that contain septations and papillary projections. What does this most likely represent?

serous cystadenoma

which of the following is a true statement with respect to fallopian tubes?

the fallopian tube is usually only identified if there is an obstruction and is distended with fluid