The skeletal system

A cloven-hoofed animal stands on which digits? 2 and 3 3 and 4 1 and 2 4 and 5

3 and 4

The cat has how many cervical vertebrae? 3 7 10 13

7

Which bone forms a joint with the pelvis? none of the above C7 sacrum coccygeal bones

?

Functions of long bones include all of the following except Providing support Aiding in locomotion Absorbing concussion Acting as levers

Absorbing concussion

The ilium, ischium, and pubis have bodies that meet to form the Tuber coxae Acetabulum Obturator foramen Pelvic symphysis

Acetabulum

Which statement is false? Rib heads are fused to the lateral articular facets of thoracic vertebrae to form suture joints. In humans, the tailbone consists of fused sacral bones. All of the above. The first, most cranial, sternebra is called the xiphoid process.

All of the above.

The axial skeleton includes all of the following except the Sternum Skull Vertebral column Appendages

Appendages

The first cervical vertebra, C1, is referred to as the Axis Arch Auricle Atlas

Atlas

The first cervical vertebra, C1, is referred to as the Axis Auricle Arch Atlas

Atlas

Osteons are associated with which of the following? Fibrous connective tissue Cartilage Bone Stratified epithelial tissue

Bone

Which of the following statements is false? Brachycephalic breeds such as collies have long nasal bones. The lacrimal bones form part of the medial portion of the orbit of the eye. The palatine bones form the caudal part of the hard palate. The two maxillary bones make up most of the upper jaw.

Brachycephalic breeds such as collies have long nasal bones.

From cranial to caudal what is the correct sequence of letter designations for the five regions of the spinal column? CY, S, T, L, C T, C, S, L, CY C, CY, L, S, T C, T, L, S, CY

C, T, L, S, CY

The bone serves as an important reservoir for which electrolyte? Chlorine Sodium Calcium Potassium

Calcium

The two main minerals that make up bone are Calcium and phosphorus Calcium and potassium Sodium and potassium Calcium and magnesium

Calcium and phosphorus

An example of an irregular bone is Calcaneus Cervical vertebra 1 Metacarpal 3 Ulna

Cervical vertebra 1

The elbow joint is classified by which of the following terms? Synovial joint, ball-and-socket joint, universal movement. Simple hinge joint, contains no joint capsule, universal movement. Compound hinge joint, synovial joint, flexion and extension. No joint capsule, pivot joint, rotational movement

Compound hinge joint, synovial joint, flexion and extension

The joint between the bony rib and cartilaginous portion of the rib is called the Chondrocartilaginous junction Costicartilaginous junction Cartilaginous junction Costochondral junction

Costochondral junction

The periosteum: Covers the outer surface of bones Lines the marrow cavity of bones Covers joint cavities Lines the heart

Covers the outer surface of bones

A cloven-hoofed animal has how many phalanges on each digit? 2 3 4 1

3

The anatomic term for synovial joints is Diarthroses Amphiarthroses Fibroarthroses Synarthroses

Diarthroses

Which of the following is an example of a saddle joint? Scapulohumeral in a horse Atlantoaxial in a cow Distal interphalangeal in a dog Metacarpophalangeal in an elephant

Distal interphalangeal in a dog

Which of the following is an example of a saddle joint? Scapulohumeral in a horse Metacarpophalangeal in an elephant Atlantoaxial in a cow Distal interphalangeal in a dog

Distal interphalangeal in a dog

The two enlarged ends of a long bone are called the Metaphyses Diaphyses Epiphyses Chondrophyses

Epiphyses

Nonarticular depressions or holes in bones include all of the following except: Fovea Facet Foramen Fossa

FACET (not a depressed area or hole, but a Facet joint: pairs of small joints in between the vertebrae in the back of the spine. These joints have opposing surfaces of cartilage, which limits friction between the bones.)

Which structure will not allow blood vessels and nerves to pass through? Facet Meatus Foramen Sinus

Facet

Which statement best describes short bones? Developed along the course of tendons Thick outer layer of compact bone Greater size in one dimension than another Filled with spongy bone and marrow spaces

Filled with spongy bone and marrow spaces

What type of joint movement decreases the angle between bones? Abduction Adduction Extension Flexion

Flexion

Which of the following dissections could be made without cutting through a bone to bone joint? Tail from the body Head from the neck Forelimb from the body Hind limb from the body

Forelimb from the body

A vertebra consists of all of the following except Arch Girdle Body Processes

Girdle

What is the name for the large, flat projection located lateral to the head of the femur? Lesser trochanter Trochanteric fossa Tubercle Greater trochanter

Greater trochanter

Select the term that best defines Dolichocephalic skull types are typical of Labrador Retrievers Persian cats Boxers Greyhounds

Greyhounds

In what species does only the proximal part of the ulna exist? pig canine cattle horse

Horse

This bony structure supports the tongue and larynx. Hyoid Atlas Axis Vomer

Hyoid

What metacarpal bones do cattle have? III and IV I and III II and V I and V

III and IV

Which statement is false? Dogs and cats usually have one dewclaw that contains a proximal and distal phalanx. The dewclaw of dogs and cats is digit I. In dogs and cats, sesamoid bones play a key role in reducing wear and tear of tendons. Cattle have two dewclaws.

In dogs and cats, sesamoid bones play a key role in reducing wear and tear of tendons.

Which statement is false? In dogs and cats, sesamoid bones play a key role in reducing wear and tear of tendons. Dogs and cats usually have one dewclaw that contains a proximal and distal phalanx. The dewclaw of dogs and cats is digit I. Cattle have two dewclaws.

In dogs and cats, sesamoid bones play a key role in reducing wear and tear of tendons.

Which of the following is a separate cranial bone of horses and cats but in other species is present only in the fetus and fuses with surrounding bones before birth? Frontal bone Temporal bone Interparietal bone Occipital bone

Interparietal bone

Basic functions of bones include all of the following except Protection Metabolism Leverage Storage

Metabolism

Basic functions of bones include all of the following except: Leverage Protection Metabolism Storage

Metabolism

Which of the following cells is normally found in the red bone marrow? Oocyte Squamous cell Myelocyte Myocyte

Myelocyte

What is the large sesamoid bone in the foot of the horse is known as? Navicular Coffin Patella Fabella

Navicular

If you were to grasp your hands behind your head at the base of your skull, your hands would be over which bone of the skull? Temporal Occipital Parietal Frontal

Occipital

The bone cells responsible for the removal of bone are Osteoclasts Chondroblasts Chondroclasts Osteoblasts

Osteoclasts

The cells involved in bone destruction are called Osteotomes Osteons Osteoblasts Osteoclasts

Osteoclasts

The fibrous layer around bone that is necessary for bone growth, repair, nutrition, and attachment of ligaments and tendons is the Mesothelium Endosteum Peritoneum Periosteum

Periosteum

The function of the epiphyseal plate is to Provide for growth in the thickness of the bone Provide for growth in the length of the bone Provide bone for the articular surface within a joint Provide bone with marrow substance

Provide for growth in the length of the bone

Extracapsular (periarticular) ligaments are those outside the joint capsule and include all of the following except Dorsal ligament Collateral ligament Palmar ligament Proximal ligament

Proximal ligament

Bones come in all of the following shapes except Long Regular Short Flat

Regular

Which of the following is NOT a part of the axial skeleton? Thoracic vertebra 1 Scapula Skull Cervical vertebra 3

Scapula

The thoracic limb includes the: Scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges Pelvis, femur, patella, radius, ulna, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges Scapula, femur, tibia, fibula, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges Pelvis, humerus, radius, ulna, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges

Scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

The bones known collectively as the ossicles include all of the following except the Malleus Stapes Sphenoid Incus

Sphenoid

The xiphoid process is found on the Vertebrae Sacrum Skull Sternum

Sternum

Which of these joint types is found mainly in the skull? Gomphosis Syndesmosis Suture Synchondrosis

Suture

The hip joint is classified by which of the following terms: Synovial joint, ball-and-socket joint, universal movement No joint capsule, ball-and-socket joint, flexion and extension Synovial joint, hinge joint, freely movable No joint capsule, pivot joint, slightly movable

Synovial joint, ball-and-socket joint, universal movement

An example of a short bone would be a: Tarsal bone Vertebra Scapula Patella

Tarsal bone

With what type of tissue is muscle attached to bone? Ligaments Fat Cartilage Tendons

Tendons

Which statement is true? The proximal-most phalanx in the horse is called the short pastern. The distal-most phalanx of the horse is called the coffin bone. The proximal sesamoid bone in the horse is called the navicular bone. The joint between the metacarpal bone and first phalanx is called the stifle.

The distal-most phalanx of the horse is called the coffin bone.

As a young animal grows so must its bones grow. Where does creation of new bone that allows long bones to lengthen as the animal grows take place? epiphyseal plates diaphysis epiphysis diaphyseal surface

The epiphyseal plates, the area of growth composed of four zones, is where cartilage is formed on the epiphyseal side while cartilage is ossified on the diaphyseal side, thereby lengthening the bone

Which of the following statements is false? The two incisive bones are also called the premaxillary bones. The most common type of mandibular fracture in horses and swine is the mandibular symphyseal fracture. The ramus of the mandible has the articular condyle that forms the temporomandibular joints with the temporal bone. The zygomatic arches are the bony landmarks below and behind the eyes that form the widest part of the skull in dogs and cats.

The most common type of mandibular fracture in horses and swine is the mandibular symphyseal fracture.

Muscles and ligaments attach to structures on bony surfaces. Which of the following is not one of these found in the forelimb? Spine Tuberosity Trochanter Epicondyle

Trochanter

Which vitamin is critical for normal mineralization of bone? Vitamin C Vitamin B Vitamin D Vitamin K

Vitamin D

Within bone, blood vessels from the periosteum and endosteum communicate with those of the Haversian system via what canals? Condyloid Syndesmoid Volkmann Alar

Volkmann canals

Blood vessels pass through countless tiny channels in bone called: nutrient foramina Volkmann's canals condyles growth plates

Volkmann's canals

Define ligament: crescent-shaped fibrocartilages found in some joints, such as the stifle a band of fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone rounded projection projection

a band of fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone

The xyphoid process is found: at the cranial end of the sternum on the cranial surface of a rib at the caudal end of the sternum on the caudal surface of a rib

at the caudal end of the sternum

The only true pivot joint in the body is the: Atlantoaxial Tarsal Carpal Coxofemoral

atlantoaxial

Osteons are associated with which of the following? Bone Stratified epithelial tissue Fibrous connective tissue Cartilage

bone

Select the term that best defines hard, dense, strong bone symphysis foramen tendon bone

bone

Bones act as a storage site for primarily which mineral? potassium chloride calcium sodium

calcium

What are the names of the ligaments inside the stifle joint? cruciate ligaments patellar ligament medial and lateral collateral ligaments none of the above

cruciate ligaments

The shaft or body of a long bone is called the: Diaphysis Tubercle Epiphysis Metaphysis

diaphysisis

In which joints will ligaments be found? fibrous amphiarthroses diarthroses cartilaginous

diarthroses

Hinge joints are capable of only two movements. They are: abduction and adduction flexion and abduction adduction and extension extension and flexion

extension and flexion

What movement does contraction of the triceps brachii cause? extension of the elbow flexion of the wrist circumduction of the arm abduction of the elbow

extension of the elbow

Which structure will not allow blood vessels and nerves to pass through? Meatus Facet Foramen Sinus

facet

In the cow, pig, and sheep, the lateral dewclaw represents this bone: third digit second digit fifth digit first digit

first digit

Select the term that best defines a decrease in the angle of a joint bone fracture flexion suture

flexion

When a dog lowers its head to sniff the ground, what movement is occurring between the cervical vertebrae? flexion extension abduction circumduction

flexion

Ribs whose ventral ends terminate in muscles of the thoracic walls are called: sternal ribs costochondral ribs floating ribs asternal ribs

floating ribs

Select the term that best defines soft spots remaining in the skull that usually close after birth: fontanelles tendon knee osteoclasts

fontanelles

The spinal cord passes through this hole: foramen magnum nutrient foramen obturator foramen obturator magnum

foramen magnum

The spinal cord passes through this hole: nutrient foramen foramen magnum obturator magnum obturator foramen

foramen magnum

Select the term that best defines trench or hollow depressed area condyle comminuted fossa fontanelles

fossa

Select the term that best defines trench or hollow depressed area fossa comminuted fontanelles condyle

fossa

A vertebra consists of all of the following except Arch Girdle Body Processes

girdle

What is the name of the largest process on the proximal head of the femur? greater trochanter greater tubercle acetabulum trochlea

greater trochanter

The proximal humerus has several processes, the largest of which is called: greater trochlea capitulum anconeal process greater tubercle

greater tubercle

Define sulcus: groove a decrease in the angle of a joint a band of fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone jagged line where bones join and form a non-movable joint, typically found in the skull

groove

What common bone feature is a somewhat spherical articular surface on the proximal end of long bones? condyle fossa facet head

head

Define foramen hole or opening groove tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of bone a decrease in the angle of a joint

hole or opening

In what species does only the proximal part of the ulna exist? canine pig horse cattle

horse

Which of the following animals has the fewest number of coccygeal bones? pigs cattle humans dogs

humans

Where are amphiarthroses found? between the phalanges in the skull in the mandibular and pelvic symphyses in the temporomandibular joint

in the mandibular and pelvic symphyses

What structure serves to interconnect cardiac muscle cells together and transmit impulses from cell to cell? intercalated disks endocardium sarcolemma pericardium

intercalated disks

What structure serves to interconnect cardiac muscle cells together and transmit impulses from cell to cell? intercalated disks sarcolemma endocardium pericardium

intercalated disks

What structure serves to interconnect cardiac muscle cells together and transmit impulses from cell to cell? pericardium sarcolemma endocardium intercalated disks

intercalated disks

Define suture: jagged line where bones join and form a non-movable joint, typically found in the skull tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of bone light, latticework found at the ends and inner portions of long bones broken bone in which there is an open wound in the skin

jagged line where bones join and form a non-movable joint, typically found in the skull

Select the term that best defines thin, flat plate: lamina knee trochanter discospondylitis

lamina

What is the name of the knob at the distal end of the fibula? medial styloid process lateral styloid process lateral malleolus medial malleolus

lateral malleolus

Define bone: thin, flat plate broad flat projection trench or hollow depressed area light, latticework found at the ends and inner portions of long bones

light, latticework found at the ends and inner portions of long bones

The diaphysis is the __ of a long bone. long shaft growth plate proximal end distal end

long shaft

Which face bone forms the lower jaw? mandible maxillary temporal zygomatic

mandible

What structure is a passage or a tube like opening through bone? Meatus Fovea Fossa Fissure

meatus

In the horse, what are the splint bones? metacarpal bones II and IV carpal bones I and V carpal bones II and IV metacarpal bones I and V

metacarpal bones II and IV

Define adduction: Projecting part Inflammation of the intervertebral disc and vertebrae Soft spots remaining in the skull that usually close after birth Movement toward the midline of the body

movement toward the midline of the body

Define adduction: projecting part inflammation of the intervertebral disc and vertebrae movement toward the midline of the body soft spots remaining in the skull that usually close after birth

movement toward the midline of the body

The myofibrils are composed of what smaller fibers? myofiber fasicle myofilament sarcomere

myofilament

The foramen magnum is located in the __ bone. interparietal occipital sphenoid temporal

occipital

What structure forms the "point of the elbow?" olecranon process anconeal process styloid process coronoid process

olecranon process

This is the more fixed portion of a muscle that does not move much. bursa sphincter origin insertion

origin

The cells that secrete the matrix of a bone are the: osteodentin. osteoblasts osteocytes osteoclasts

osteoblasts

What is the name of the largest sesamoid bone in an animal's body? fabellae scapula navicular patella

patella

The appendicular skeleton includes the Ribs Clavicles Pelvic girdle Os cordis

pelvic girdle

Select the term that best defines tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of bone: periosteum ligament luxation symphysis

periosteum

Define osteoclasts: bones of the appendages = limbs trench or hollow depressed area phagocytic cells that eat away bone broken into multiple pieces

phagocytic cells that eat away bone

What is the correct order of bones on the thoracic limb starting distally and working proximally? phalanges, metacarpal bones, carpal bones, radius, ulna, humerus, scapula metacarpal bones, carpal bones, phalanges, ulna, radius, scapula, humerus phalanges, carpal bones, metacarpal bones, ulna, radius, humerus, scapula scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpal bones, carpal bones, phalanges

phalanges, metacarpal bones, carpal bones, radius, ulna, humerus, scapula

Which animal does not have an os penis? Dog Wolf Cat Pig

pig

Select the term that best defines projection: adduction fracture trochanter process

process

Define process movement toward the midline of the body projection soft spots remaining in the skull that usually close after birth movement away from the midline of the body

projection (Process: In anatomy, a projection from a structure. For example, the process of the mandible is the part of the lower jaw that projects forward)

Examples of irregularly shaped bones include: sesamoids and vertebrae. skull bones and carpal bones. vertebrae and tarsal bones. scapulas and sesamoids.

sesamoids and vertebrae

Define axial skeleton: skull, spine, ribs and sternum a decrease in the angle of a joint dislocation or displacement of a bone from its joint phagocytic cells that eat away bone

skull, spine, ribs and sternum

The manubrium is a/an: sternebra asternal rib floating rib vertebra

sternebra

The breastbone is the: Sternum Tubercle Hyoid Septum

sternum

Select the term that best defines the femorotibial joint: stifle luxation lamina fossa

stifle

The femur articulates distally with the tibia, forming the: Stifle joint Tarsal joint Shoulder joint Hip joint

stifle joint

Select the term that best defines a semi-movable joint that joins two bones so they function as one bone: appendicular skeleton symphysis luxation meniscus

symphysis

The mandible is connected to the rest of the skull by this type of joint: cartilaginous suture fibrous synovial

synovial

Which joints contain hyaline cartilage? all of the above synovial cartilaginous fibrous

synovial

What produces synovial fluid? synovial membrane hyaline cartilage ligaments fibrous layer of joint capsule

synovial membrane

Select the term that best defines a band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone axial skeleton extension tendon periosteum

tendon

Define stifle: the carpal joint of large animals or the stifle of small animals dislocation or displacement of a bone from its joint the femorotibial joint movement away from the midline of the body

the femorotibial joint

Select the term that best defines broad flat projection process suture trochanter abduction

trochanter

Select the term that best defines projecting part stifle condyle tuberosity bone

tuberosity

What type of muscle controls the movement of an animal's skeleton? involuntary nonstriated muscle voluntary nonstriated muscle involuntary striated muscle voluntary striated muscle

voluntary striated muscle