The skeletal system
A cloven-hoofed animal stands on which digits? 2 and 3 3 and 4 1 and 2 4 and 5
3 and 4
The cat has how many cervical vertebrae? 3 7 10 13
7
Which bone forms a joint with the pelvis? none of the above C7 sacrum coccygeal bones
?
Functions of long bones include all of the following except Providing support Aiding in locomotion Absorbing concussion Acting as levers
Absorbing concussion
The ilium, ischium, and pubis have bodies that meet to form the Tuber coxae Acetabulum Obturator foramen Pelvic symphysis
Acetabulum
Which statement is false? Rib heads are fused to the lateral articular facets of thoracic vertebrae to form suture joints. In humans, the tailbone consists of fused sacral bones. All of the above. The first, most cranial, sternebra is called the xiphoid process.
All of the above.
The axial skeleton includes all of the following except the Sternum Skull Vertebral column Appendages
Appendages
The first cervical vertebra, C1, is referred to as the Axis Arch Auricle Atlas
Atlas
The first cervical vertebra, C1, is referred to as the Axis Auricle Arch Atlas
Atlas
Osteons are associated with which of the following? Fibrous connective tissue Cartilage Bone Stratified epithelial tissue
Bone
Which of the following statements is false? Brachycephalic breeds such as collies have long nasal bones. The lacrimal bones form part of the medial portion of the orbit of the eye. The palatine bones form the caudal part of the hard palate. The two maxillary bones make up most of the upper jaw.
Brachycephalic breeds such as collies have long nasal bones.
From cranial to caudal what is the correct sequence of letter designations for the five regions of the spinal column? CY, S, T, L, C T, C, S, L, CY C, CY, L, S, T C, T, L, S, CY
C, T, L, S, CY
The bone serves as an important reservoir for which electrolyte? Chlorine Sodium Calcium Potassium
Calcium
The two main minerals that make up bone are Calcium and phosphorus Calcium and potassium Sodium and potassium Calcium and magnesium
Calcium and phosphorus
An example of an irregular bone is Calcaneus Cervical vertebra 1 Metacarpal 3 Ulna
Cervical vertebra 1
The elbow joint is classified by which of the following terms? Synovial joint, ball-and-socket joint, universal movement. Simple hinge joint, contains no joint capsule, universal movement. Compound hinge joint, synovial joint, flexion and extension. No joint capsule, pivot joint, rotational movement
Compound hinge joint, synovial joint, flexion and extension
The joint between the bony rib and cartilaginous portion of the rib is called the Chondrocartilaginous junction Costicartilaginous junction Cartilaginous junction Costochondral junction
Costochondral junction
The periosteum: Covers the outer surface of bones Lines the marrow cavity of bones Covers joint cavities Lines the heart
Covers the outer surface of bones
A cloven-hoofed animal has how many phalanges on each digit? 2 3 4 1
3
The anatomic term for synovial joints is Diarthroses Amphiarthroses Fibroarthroses Synarthroses
Diarthroses
Which of the following is an example of a saddle joint? Scapulohumeral in a horse Atlantoaxial in a cow Distal interphalangeal in a dog Metacarpophalangeal in an elephant
Distal interphalangeal in a dog
Which of the following is an example of a saddle joint? Scapulohumeral in a horse Metacarpophalangeal in an elephant Atlantoaxial in a cow Distal interphalangeal in a dog
Distal interphalangeal in a dog
The two enlarged ends of a long bone are called the Metaphyses Diaphyses Epiphyses Chondrophyses
Epiphyses
Nonarticular depressions or holes in bones include all of the following except: Fovea Facet Foramen Fossa
FACET (not a depressed area or hole, but a Facet joint: pairs of small joints in between the vertebrae in the back of the spine. These joints have opposing surfaces of cartilage, which limits friction between the bones.)
Which structure will not allow blood vessels and nerves to pass through? Facet Meatus Foramen Sinus
Facet
Which statement best describes short bones? Developed along the course of tendons Thick outer layer of compact bone Greater size in one dimension than another Filled with spongy bone and marrow spaces
Filled with spongy bone and marrow spaces
What type of joint movement decreases the angle between bones? Abduction Adduction Extension Flexion
Flexion
Which of the following dissections could be made without cutting through a bone to bone joint? Tail from the body Head from the neck Forelimb from the body Hind limb from the body
Forelimb from the body
A vertebra consists of all of the following except Arch Girdle Body Processes
Girdle
What is the name for the large, flat projection located lateral to the head of the femur? Lesser trochanter Trochanteric fossa Tubercle Greater trochanter
Greater trochanter
Select the term that best defines Dolichocephalic skull types are typical of Labrador Retrievers Persian cats Boxers Greyhounds
Greyhounds
In what species does only the proximal part of the ulna exist? pig canine cattle horse
Horse
This bony structure supports the tongue and larynx. Hyoid Atlas Axis Vomer
Hyoid
What metacarpal bones do cattle have? III and IV I and III II and V I and V
III and IV
Which statement is false? Dogs and cats usually have one dewclaw that contains a proximal and distal phalanx. The dewclaw of dogs and cats is digit I. In dogs and cats, sesamoid bones play a key role in reducing wear and tear of tendons. Cattle have two dewclaws.
In dogs and cats, sesamoid bones play a key role in reducing wear and tear of tendons.
Which statement is false? In dogs and cats, sesamoid bones play a key role in reducing wear and tear of tendons. Dogs and cats usually have one dewclaw that contains a proximal and distal phalanx. The dewclaw of dogs and cats is digit I. Cattle have two dewclaws.
In dogs and cats, sesamoid bones play a key role in reducing wear and tear of tendons.
Which of the following is a separate cranial bone of horses and cats but in other species is present only in the fetus and fuses with surrounding bones before birth? Frontal bone Temporal bone Interparietal bone Occipital bone
Interparietal bone
Basic functions of bones include all of the following except Protection Metabolism Leverage Storage
Metabolism
Basic functions of bones include all of the following except: Leverage Protection Metabolism Storage
Metabolism
Which of the following cells is normally found in the red bone marrow? Oocyte Squamous cell Myelocyte Myocyte
Myelocyte
What is the large sesamoid bone in the foot of the horse is known as? Navicular Coffin Patella Fabella
Navicular
If you were to grasp your hands behind your head at the base of your skull, your hands would be over which bone of the skull? Temporal Occipital Parietal Frontal
Occipital
The bone cells responsible for the removal of bone are Osteoclasts Chondroblasts Chondroclasts Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
The cells involved in bone destruction are called Osteotomes Osteons Osteoblasts Osteoclasts
Osteoclasts
The fibrous layer around bone that is necessary for bone growth, repair, nutrition, and attachment of ligaments and tendons is the Mesothelium Endosteum Peritoneum Periosteum
Periosteum
The function of the epiphyseal plate is to Provide for growth in the thickness of the bone Provide for growth in the length of the bone Provide bone for the articular surface within a joint Provide bone with marrow substance
Provide for growth in the length of the bone
Extracapsular (periarticular) ligaments are those outside the joint capsule and include all of the following except Dorsal ligament Collateral ligament Palmar ligament Proximal ligament
Proximal ligament
Bones come in all of the following shapes except Long Regular Short Flat
Regular
Which of the following is NOT a part of the axial skeleton? Thoracic vertebra 1 Scapula Skull Cervical vertebra 3
Scapula
The thoracic limb includes the: Scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges Pelvis, femur, patella, radius, ulna, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges Scapula, femur, tibia, fibula, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges Pelvis, humerus, radius, ulna, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges
Scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges
The bones known collectively as the ossicles include all of the following except the Malleus Stapes Sphenoid Incus
Sphenoid
The xiphoid process is found on the Vertebrae Sacrum Skull Sternum
Sternum
Which of these joint types is found mainly in the skull? Gomphosis Syndesmosis Suture Synchondrosis
Suture
The hip joint is classified by which of the following terms: Synovial joint, ball-and-socket joint, universal movement No joint capsule, ball-and-socket joint, flexion and extension Synovial joint, hinge joint, freely movable No joint capsule, pivot joint, slightly movable
Synovial joint, ball-and-socket joint, universal movement
An example of a short bone would be a: Tarsal bone Vertebra Scapula Patella
Tarsal bone
With what type of tissue is muscle attached to bone? Ligaments Fat Cartilage Tendons
Tendons
Which statement is true? The proximal-most phalanx in the horse is called the short pastern. The distal-most phalanx of the horse is called the coffin bone. The proximal sesamoid bone in the horse is called the navicular bone. The joint between the metacarpal bone and first phalanx is called the stifle.
The distal-most phalanx of the horse is called the coffin bone.
As a young animal grows so must its bones grow. Where does creation of new bone that allows long bones to lengthen as the animal grows take place? epiphyseal plates diaphysis epiphysis diaphyseal surface
The epiphyseal plates, the area of growth composed of four zones, is where cartilage is formed on the epiphyseal side while cartilage is ossified on the diaphyseal side, thereby lengthening the bone
Which of the following statements is false? The two incisive bones are also called the premaxillary bones. The most common type of mandibular fracture in horses and swine is the mandibular symphyseal fracture. The ramus of the mandible has the articular condyle that forms the temporomandibular joints with the temporal bone. The zygomatic arches are the bony landmarks below and behind the eyes that form the widest part of the skull in dogs and cats.
The most common type of mandibular fracture in horses and swine is the mandibular symphyseal fracture.
Muscles and ligaments attach to structures on bony surfaces. Which of the following is not one of these found in the forelimb? Spine Tuberosity Trochanter Epicondyle
Trochanter
Which vitamin is critical for normal mineralization of bone? Vitamin C Vitamin B Vitamin D Vitamin K
Vitamin D
Within bone, blood vessels from the periosteum and endosteum communicate with those of the Haversian system via what canals? Condyloid Syndesmoid Volkmann Alar
Volkmann canals
Blood vessels pass through countless tiny channels in bone called: nutrient foramina Volkmann's canals condyles growth plates
Volkmann's canals
Define ligament: crescent-shaped fibrocartilages found in some joints, such as the stifle a band of fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone rounded projection projection
a band of fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone
The xyphoid process is found: at the cranial end of the sternum on the cranial surface of a rib at the caudal end of the sternum on the caudal surface of a rib
at the caudal end of the sternum
The only true pivot joint in the body is the: Atlantoaxial Tarsal Carpal Coxofemoral
atlantoaxial
Osteons are associated with which of the following? Bone Stratified epithelial tissue Fibrous connective tissue Cartilage
bone
Select the term that best defines hard, dense, strong bone symphysis foramen tendon bone
bone
Bones act as a storage site for primarily which mineral? potassium chloride calcium sodium
calcium
What are the names of the ligaments inside the stifle joint? cruciate ligaments patellar ligament medial and lateral collateral ligaments none of the above
cruciate ligaments
The shaft or body of a long bone is called the: Diaphysis Tubercle Epiphysis Metaphysis
diaphysisis
In which joints will ligaments be found? fibrous amphiarthroses diarthroses cartilaginous
diarthroses
Hinge joints are capable of only two movements. They are: abduction and adduction flexion and abduction adduction and extension extension and flexion
extension and flexion
What movement does contraction of the triceps brachii cause? extension of the elbow flexion of the wrist circumduction of the arm abduction of the elbow
extension of the elbow
Which structure will not allow blood vessels and nerves to pass through? Meatus Facet Foramen Sinus
facet
In the cow, pig, and sheep, the lateral dewclaw represents this bone: third digit second digit fifth digit first digit
first digit
Select the term that best defines a decrease in the angle of a joint bone fracture flexion suture
flexion
When a dog lowers its head to sniff the ground, what movement is occurring between the cervical vertebrae? flexion extension abduction circumduction
flexion
Ribs whose ventral ends terminate in muscles of the thoracic walls are called: sternal ribs costochondral ribs floating ribs asternal ribs
floating ribs
Select the term that best defines soft spots remaining in the skull that usually close after birth: fontanelles tendon knee osteoclasts
fontanelles
The spinal cord passes through this hole: foramen magnum nutrient foramen obturator foramen obturator magnum
foramen magnum
The spinal cord passes through this hole: nutrient foramen foramen magnum obturator magnum obturator foramen
foramen magnum
Select the term that best defines trench or hollow depressed area condyle comminuted fossa fontanelles
fossa
Select the term that best defines trench or hollow depressed area fossa comminuted fontanelles condyle
fossa
A vertebra consists of all of the following except Arch Girdle Body Processes
girdle
What is the name of the largest process on the proximal head of the femur? greater trochanter greater tubercle acetabulum trochlea
greater trochanter
The proximal humerus has several processes, the largest of which is called: greater trochlea capitulum anconeal process greater tubercle
greater tubercle
Define sulcus: groove a decrease in the angle of a joint a band of fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone jagged line where bones join and form a non-movable joint, typically found in the skull
groove
What common bone feature is a somewhat spherical articular surface on the proximal end of long bones? condyle fossa facet head
head
Define foramen hole or opening groove tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of bone a decrease in the angle of a joint
hole or opening
In what species does only the proximal part of the ulna exist? canine pig horse cattle
horse
Which of the following animals has the fewest number of coccygeal bones? pigs cattle humans dogs
humans
Where are amphiarthroses found? between the phalanges in the skull in the mandibular and pelvic symphyses in the temporomandibular joint
in the mandibular and pelvic symphyses
What structure serves to interconnect cardiac muscle cells together and transmit impulses from cell to cell? intercalated disks endocardium sarcolemma pericardium
intercalated disks
What structure serves to interconnect cardiac muscle cells together and transmit impulses from cell to cell? intercalated disks sarcolemma endocardium pericardium
intercalated disks
What structure serves to interconnect cardiac muscle cells together and transmit impulses from cell to cell? pericardium sarcolemma endocardium intercalated disks
intercalated disks
Define suture: jagged line where bones join and form a non-movable joint, typically found in the skull tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of bone light, latticework found at the ends and inner portions of long bones broken bone in which there is an open wound in the skin
jagged line where bones join and form a non-movable joint, typically found in the skull
Select the term that best defines thin, flat plate: lamina knee trochanter discospondylitis
lamina
What is the name of the knob at the distal end of the fibula? medial styloid process lateral styloid process lateral malleolus medial malleolus
lateral malleolus
Define bone: thin, flat plate broad flat projection trench or hollow depressed area light, latticework found at the ends and inner portions of long bones
light, latticework found at the ends and inner portions of long bones
The diaphysis is the __ of a long bone. long shaft growth plate proximal end distal end
long shaft
Which face bone forms the lower jaw? mandible maxillary temporal zygomatic
mandible
What structure is a passage or a tube like opening through bone? Meatus Fovea Fossa Fissure
meatus
In the horse, what are the splint bones? metacarpal bones II and IV carpal bones I and V carpal bones II and IV metacarpal bones I and V
metacarpal bones II and IV
Define adduction: Projecting part Inflammation of the intervertebral disc and vertebrae Soft spots remaining in the skull that usually close after birth Movement toward the midline of the body
movement toward the midline of the body
Define adduction: projecting part inflammation of the intervertebral disc and vertebrae movement toward the midline of the body soft spots remaining in the skull that usually close after birth
movement toward the midline of the body
The myofibrils are composed of what smaller fibers? myofiber fasicle myofilament sarcomere
myofilament
The foramen magnum is located in the __ bone. interparietal occipital sphenoid temporal
occipital
What structure forms the "point of the elbow?" olecranon process anconeal process styloid process coronoid process
olecranon process
This is the more fixed portion of a muscle that does not move much. bursa sphincter origin insertion
origin
The cells that secrete the matrix of a bone are the: osteodentin. osteoblasts osteocytes osteoclasts
osteoblasts
What is the name of the largest sesamoid bone in an animal's body? fabellae scapula navicular patella
patella
The appendicular skeleton includes the Ribs Clavicles Pelvic girdle Os cordis
pelvic girdle
Select the term that best defines tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of bone: periosteum ligament luxation symphysis
periosteum
Define osteoclasts: bones of the appendages = limbs trench or hollow depressed area phagocytic cells that eat away bone broken into multiple pieces
phagocytic cells that eat away bone
What is the correct order of bones on the thoracic limb starting distally and working proximally? phalanges, metacarpal bones, carpal bones, radius, ulna, humerus, scapula metacarpal bones, carpal bones, phalanges, ulna, radius, scapula, humerus phalanges, carpal bones, metacarpal bones, ulna, radius, humerus, scapula scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpal bones, carpal bones, phalanges
phalanges, metacarpal bones, carpal bones, radius, ulna, humerus, scapula
Which animal does not have an os penis? Dog Wolf Cat Pig
pig
Select the term that best defines projection: adduction fracture trochanter process
process
Define process movement toward the midline of the body projection soft spots remaining in the skull that usually close after birth movement away from the midline of the body
projection (Process: In anatomy, a projection from a structure. For example, the process of the mandible is the part of the lower jaw that projects forward)
Examples of irregularly shaped bones include: sesamoids and vertebrae. skull bones and carpal bones. vertebrae and tarsal bones. scapulas and sesamoids.
sesamoids and vertebrae
Define axial skeleton: skull, spine, ribs and sternum a decrease in the angle of a joint dislocation or displacement of a bone from its joint phagocytic cells that eat away bone
skull, spine, ribs and sternum
The manubrium is a/an: sternebra asternal rib floating rib vertebra
sternebra
The breastbone is the: Sternum Tubercle Hyoid Septum
sternum
Select the term that best defines the femorotibial joint: stifle luxation lamina fossa
stifle
The femur articulates distally with the tibia, forming the: Stifle joint Tarsal joint Shoulder joint Hip joint
stifle joint
Select the term that best defines a semi-movable joint that joins two bones so they function as one bone: appendicular skeleton symphysis luxation meniscus
symphysis
The mandible is connected to the rest of the skull by this type of joint: cartilaginous suture fibrous synovial
synovial
Which joints contain hyaline cartilage? all of the above synovial cartilaginous fibrous
synovial
What produces synovial fluid? synovial membrane hyaline cartilage ligaments fibrous layer of joint capsule
synovial membrane
Select the term that best defines a band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone axial skeleton extension tendon periosteum
tendon
Define stifle: the carpal joint of large animals or the stifle of small animals dislocation or displacement of a bone from its joint the femorotibial joint movement away from the midline of the body
the femorotibial joint
Select the term that best defines broad flat projection process suture trochanter abduction
trochanter
Select the term that best defines projecting part stifle condyle tuberosity bone
tuberosity
What type of muscle controls the movement of an animal's skeleton? involuntary nonstriated muscle voluntary nonstriated muscle involuntary striated muscle voluntary striated muscle
voluntary striated muscle
