Theatre History Unit 4

Commedia del Arte translates to...

"Comedy of professional players"

New trade routes, protestant secessions, and weak Italian armies shift the political and cultural focus to...

France

The Baroque impacted Italy then spread to...

France and England

When did auto sacrementales occur?

From Easter to Corpus Christi

The founder of secular Spanish drama

Juan del Ecina

This ITALIAN influenced dramatist is considered to be the father of Spanish Drama

Juan del Encina

What are the examples of Italian Vernacular drama?

La Cassaria (1508), La Calendria (1513), The Mandrake (1513), Sofonisba (1515).

Both "Achilles" and "Paulus" were written in...

Latin

Founder of Spain's professional theatre?

Lope de Rueda

Considered to be Spain's most prolific playwright

Lope de Vega

Who was Spain's most prolific playwright?

Lope de Vega

Which two authors were "Golden Age" dramatists? (Spain)

Lope de Vega and Pedro Calderon

Which Italian playwright wrote The Mandrake?

Machiavelli

Where was the Corpus Christi festival established?

Mexico City, 1565

This "stop-gap" author wrote for the Spanish Theatre in the late 1500s

Miguel de Cervantes

Who was a stop gap author?

Miguel de Cervantes

Who wrote the Opera Orfeo (1607)?

Monteverde

Who did the Spanish Inquisition target?

Moors, Jews, and all other "heretics"

What accelerates the Renaissance?

More Plautus plays discovered, The fall of the Byzantine empire (causing scholars to flee to Italy bringing Greek scripts with them), Printing press, and All known scripts recorded

What is the name of the Renaissance work that describes scenic construction and the changing of scenery?

Nicola Sabbattini's Manual for Constructing Theatrical Scenes and Machines (1638)

The powers of Spanish church declined (and Inquisition died) due to...

Protestant powers and a more secular government. (Mid-late 1600s)

3 foundational elements of the neoclassical idea are...

Reality, Morality, and Universality.

The Wealthy patrons of the Spanish theater paid extra for which seats?

Side balcony or seats on ir near the stage.

How were costumes used in Spain?

Similar to the English: Actors had their own stock, huge design element

Which Italian vernacular drama was controversial?

Sofonisba by Trissino

El Capitano was created to make fun of...

Spanish military

The prototype of the modern theatre; proscenium and thrust arrangements

Teatro Farnese

The name of the first permanent indoor theater:

Teatro Olimpico

What is the name for public theaters in Spain?

The Corrales

Two of Pedro Calderon's plays include:

The Physician of his Honor and Life is A Dream

What scenic elements were unique to Spain?

Use of facades, curtains, mansions, and "discovery space".

Were actresses allowed on Spanish theatres?

Yes (in 1587), No (in 1596), then finally Yes with supervision (in 1599).

The Intermezzi was both used as entertainment and as...

an instrument of power.

What is the Spanish term for a play?

comedias

"Paulus" was the first Renaissance...

comedy

Commedia del arte was dominated by...

comic stories and happy endings! But they did present serious works.

The Baroque era was fueled by Catholic funding and a...

counter reformation movement.

After observing the natives, Spanish missionaries....

created blended performances around 1512 AD

Italian Stage lighting consisted of candles and oil lamps, they also had primative...

dimmers, gels, reflectos, and design theory

Using a curtain or hinged walls, this scenic device was unique to the Spanish secular theatre.

discovery space

What flourished during the European Renaissance?

exploration, science, philosophy, and art.

The Italian Intermezzi inspired...

innovations in scenery, costumes, lighting, special effects, music, and dance.

What content did Lope de Vega focus on?

love and honor, action, suspense, excellent female roles, romance, and happy endings

Contracts for acting companies lasted:

1-2 years

From 1603 to 1615, the number of acting companies increased from 8 to...

12

The staging of auto sacrementales in New Spain was made possible by....

1540 AD due to the amount of converts.

When were auto sacramemtales banned?

1765 AD

What was the schedule for a performance?

1:00pm gathering 2:00pm curtain concluded one hour before sundown

How many of Lope de Vega's plays survived?

365 plays survived, but he is estimated to have written 450-800 plays total.

Confradia de la Novena

A Spanish Acting Guild in 1631

"Achilles" (1390) was written by...

Antonio Laschi

Who would have to supervise the female actors?

Any male relative; Father, uncle, brother, husband...

Spanish Play that was a mix of morality and cycle

Auto sacramentales

The Intermezzi became what know today as...

Ballet and opera

Why were "stop gap" dramatists needed?

Because as theatres became popular, there weren't enough plays/playwrights

Which play was staged outdiors on a lake, including a shipwreck, chariot drawn ny dolphins, and 3000 lamps/torches?

Calderon's "The Greatest Enchantment is Love"

A portable scenic unit/device used for church dramas in Spain:

Carros

Two major influences on Spanish culture:

Catholic and Moorish

Spanish word for a full length play

Comedia

What were the interests of New Spain?

Converts and gold.

The first opera was...

Dafne (1594) by Peri and Corsi

Who wrote The Divine Comedy

Dante

Why does the Renaissance start in Italy?

Decline of feudalism growth of cities powerful monarchs challenges to the church trades with Asia and Africa money seat of the church (Vatican) royal patronage

What famous novel did Miguel de Cervantes write?

Don Quixote

Spain's Court Entertainments were similar to...

England's Court Masques.

Spain's scenic practices were similar to which country?

England, including semi-thrust stages and minimal scenery

What would a "Renaissance Man" be skilled at?

Everything! Sports, Politics, science and art.

What was so "Greek" about Trissino's "Sofonisba"?

It used a chorus of 15 and had a lack of division into acts

Why is The Divine Comedy so important?

It was the first major work of the Renaissance in modern vernacular language.

Why was Sofonisba so important?

It was the first vernacular tragedy of the Renaissance to use a Greek model

The Court Entertainments were visually influenced by...

Italian designers

Did Spain have a Master of Revels?

No. Just a lot of faith in the local magistrate.

At first, Spanish conquerors _____ rituals.

Observed

The three unities of Action, time, and place meant that....

Only one story was used, over one day, in one place. (No subplots)

Commedia del arte stock characters:

Pantalone, Arlecchino, Pulcinello El Capitano the Lovers

Author of Spain's "cape and sword" plays

Pedro Calderon

Which Golden Age dramatist wrote for the Spanish court?

Pedro Calderon

Who was Spain's scholarly playwright?

Pedro Calderon

Whose work was dominated by auto sacrementales?

Pedro Calderon

"Paulus" (1390) was written by...

Pier Paolo Vergerio

Both La Cassaria and La Calendria 'rip off' which Roman dramatist?

Plautus

What was the first Remaissance work to devote a section to the theater?

Sebatino Serlio's Architectura (1545)

Who were first studied during the Italian Renaissance?

The Romans: Seneca, Terence, Plautus...

What plays did Lope de Vega write?

The Sheep Well and The Foolish Lady

What is a cazuela?

The back balcony, usually reserved for unaccompanied women.

In Italy, the Renaissance revived interest in...

The humanist ideals of the Classical World (Greek and Roman)

What or who hindered and stopped Spain's reach around the globe?

The rising British Empire and it's highly skilled Navy.

Since the neoclassical ideal banned characters from talking to themselves, how would characters reveal their innermost thoughts?

To a confidant

Who wrote Sofonisba?

Trissino

Spanish actors wore their best and most lavish costumes for what?

the auto sacrementales

Actors had an ambiguous exsitance due to...

opposition from the church

This form of theatre was the most active and most recognized in Spain during the years 1500-1700 AD

religious drama

Baroque style is usually marked by...

splendor architecture and embellished music/drama

Major characteristics of Commedia del arte were...

stock characters, improv and lazzi ("funny business") half masks and physicality scenarios

The Neoclassical Ideal was developed and formulated to...

teach and please

Italian opera was developed by a group of artists and scholars named...

the Camerata of Florence

Who first controlled and produced Auto Sacramentales?

the Guilds

Which Commedia del arte characters didn't wear a mask?

the Lovers

The main objective of the neoclassical ideal is...

the appearance of truth

The stock character Pulcinello was...

the disgusting one

Opera was destined to become...

the greatest art form in the history of Italy

Where did single men normally stand in a theater?

the main floor

The subject matter shifted from biblical content to...

to myths, history, and fiction.

The Renaissance provided a shift from the preparation for eternity to...

to the value and worth of an earthly life

"Achilles" was the first Renaissance...

tragedy

What did the Spanish theatre program consist of?

variety acts, prologue, a dance, and interludes/intermissions between the acts of the play