Theatre History Unit 4
Commedia del Arte translates to...
"Comedy of professional players"
New trade routes, protestant secessions, and weak Italian armies shift the political and cultural focus to...
France
The Baroque impacted Italy then spread to...
France and England
When did auto sacrementales occur?
From Easter to Corpus Christi
The founder of secular Spanish drama
Juan del Ecina
This ITALIAN influenced dramatist is considered to be the father of Spanish Drama
Juan del Encina
What are the examples of Italian Vernacular drama?
La Cassaria (1508), La Calendria (1513), The Mandrake (1513), Sofonisba (1515).
Both "Achilles" and "Paulus" were written in...
Latin
Founder of Spain's professional theatre?
Lope de Rueda
Considered to be Spain's most prolific playwright
Lope de Vega
Who was Spain's most prolific playwright?
Lope de Vega
Which two authors were "Golden Age" dramatists? (Spain)
Lope de Vega and Pedro Calderon
Which Italian playwright wrote The Mandrake?
Machiavelli
Where was the Corpus Christi festival established?
Mexico City, 1565
This "stop-gap" author wrote for the Spanish Theatre in the late 1500s
Miguel de Cervantes
Who was a stop gap author?
Miguel de Cervantes
Who wrote the Opera Orfeo (1607)?
Monteverde
Who did the Spanish Inquisition target?
Moors, Jews, and all other "heretics"
What accelerates the Renaissance?
More Plautus plays discovered, The fall of the Byzantine empire (causing scholars to flee to Italy bringing Greek scripts with them), Printing press, and All known scripts recorded
What is the name of the Renaissance work that describes scenic construction and the changing of scenery?
Nicola Sabbattini's Manual for Constructing Theatrical Scenes and Machines (1638)
The powers of Spanish church declined (and Inquisition died) due to...
Protestant powers and a more secular government. (Mid-late 1600s)
3 foundational elements of the neoclassical idea are...
Reality, Morality, and Universality.
The Wealthy patrons of the Spanish theater paid extra for which seats?
Side balcony or seats on ir near the stage.
How were costumes used in Spain?
Similar to the English: Actors had their own stock, huge design element
Which Italian vernacular drama was controversial?
Sofonisba by Trissino
El Capitano was created to make fun of...
Spanish military
The prototype of the modern theatre; proscenium and thrust arrangements
Teatro Farnese
The name of the first permanent indoor theater:
Teatro Olimpico
What is the name for public theaters in Spain?
The Corrales
Two of Pedro Calderon's plays include:
The Physician of his Honor and Life is A Dream
What scenic elements were unique to Spain?
Use of facades, curtains, mansions, and "discovery space".
Were actresses allowed on Spanish theatres?
Yes (in 1587), No (in 1596), then finally Yes with supervision (in 1599).
The Intermezzi was both used as entertainment and as...
an instrument of power.
What is the Spanish term for a play?
comedias
"Paulus" was the first Renaissance...
comedy
Commedia del arte was dominated by...
comic stories and happy endings! But they did present serious works.
The Baroque era was fueled by Catholic funding and a...
counter reformation movement.
After observing the natives, Spanish missionaries....
created blended performances around 1512 AD
Italian Stage lighting consisted of candles and oil lamps, they also had primative...
dimmers, gels, reflectos, and design theory
Using a curtain or hinged walls, this scenic device was unique to the Spanish secular theatre.
discovery space
What flourished during the European Renaissance?
exploration, science, philosophy, and art.
The Italian Intermezzi inspired...
innovations in scenery, costumes, lighting, special effects, music, and dance.
What content did Lope de Vega focus on?
love and honor, action, suspense, excellent female roles, romance, and happy endings
Contracts for acting companies lasted:
1-2 years
From 1603 to 1615, the number of acting companies increased from 8 to...
12
The staging of auto sacrementales in New Spain was made possible by....
1540 AD due to the amount of converts.
When were auto sacramemtales banned?
1765 AD
What was the schedule for a performance?
1:00pm gathering 2:00pm curtain concluded one hour before sundown
How many of Lope de Vega's plays survived?
365 plays survived, but he is estimated to have written 450-800 plays total.
Confradia de la Novena
A Spanish Acting Guild in 1631
"Achilles" (1390) was written by...
Antonio Laschi
Who would have to supervise the female actors?
Any male relative; Father, uncle, brother, husband...
Spanish Play that was a mix of morality and cycle
Auto sacramentales
The Intermezzi became what know today as...
Ballet and opera
Why were "stop gap" dramatists needed?
Because as theatres became popular, there weren't enough plays/playwrights
Which play was staged outdiors on a lake, including a shipwreck, chariot drawn ny dolphins, and 3000 lamps/torches?
Calderon's "The Greatest Enchantment is Love"
A portable scenic unit/device used for church dramas in Spain:
Carros
Two major influences on Spanish culture:
Catholic and Moorish
Spanish word for a full length play
Comedia
What were the interests of New Spain?
Converts and gold.
The first opera was...
Dafne (1594) by Peri and Corsi
Who wrote The Divine Comedy
Dante
Why does the Renaissance start in Italy?
Decline of feudalism growth of cities powerful monarchs challenges to the church trades with Asia and Africa money seat of the church (Vatican) royal patronage
What famous novel did Miguel de Cervantes write?
Don Quixote
Spain's Court Entertainments were similar to...
England's Court Masques.
Spain's scenic practices were similar to which country?
England, including semi-thrust stages and minimal scenery
What would a "Renaissance Man" be skilled at?
Everything! Sports, Politics, science and art.
What was so "Greek" about Trissino's "Sofonisba"?
It used a chorus of 15 and had a lack of division into acts
Why is The Divine Comedy so important?
It was the first major work of the Renaissance in modern vernacular language.
Why was Sofonisba so important?
It was the first vernacular tragedy of the Renaissance to use a Greek model
The Court Entertainments were visually influenced by...
Italian designers
Did Spain have a Master of Revels?
No. Just a lot of faith in the local magistrate.
At first, Spanish conquerors _____ rituals.
Observed
The three unities of Action, time, and place meant that....
Only one story was used, over one day, in one place. (No subplots)
Commedia del arte stock characters:
Pantalone, Arlecchino, Pulcinello El Capitano the Lovers
Author of Spain's "cape and sword" plays
Pedro Calderon
Which Golden Age dramatist wrote for the Spanish court?
Pedro Calderon
Who was Spain's scholarly playwright?
Pedro Calderon
Whose work was dominated by auto sacrementales?
Pedro Calderon
"Paulus" (1390) was written by...
Pier Paolo Vergerio
Both La Cassaria and La Calendria 'rip off' which Roman dramatist?
Plautus
What was the first Remaissance work to devote a section to the theater?
Sebatino Serlio's Architectura (1545)
Who were first studied during the Italian Renaissance?
The Romans: Seneca, Terence, Plautus...
What plays did Lope de Vega write?
The Sheep Well and The Foolish Lady
What is a cazuela?
The back balcony, usually reserved for unaccompanied women.
In Italy, the Renaissance revived interest in...
The humanist ideals of the Classical World (Greek and Roman)
What or who hindered and stopped Spain's reach around the globe?
The rising British Empire and it's highly skilled Navy.
Since the neoclassical ideal banned characters from talking to themselves, how would characters reveal their innermost thoughts?
To a confidant
Who wrote Sofonisba?
Trissino
Spanish actors wore their best and most lavish costumes for what?
the auto sacrementales
Actors had an ambiguous exsitance due to...
opposition from the church
This form of theatre was the most active and most recognized in Spain during the years 1500-1700 AD
religious drama
Baroque style is usually marked by...
splendor architecture and embellished music/drama
Major characteristics of Commedia del arte were...
stock characters, improv and lazzi ("funny business") half masks and physicality scenarios
The Neoclassical Ideal was developed and formulated to...
teach and please
Italian opera was developed by a group of artists and scholars named...
the Camerata of Florence
Who first controlled and produced Auto Sacramentales?
the Guilds
Which Commedia del arte characters didn't wear a mask?
the Lovers
The main objective of the neoclassical ideal is...
the appearance of truth
The stock character Pulcinello was...
the disgusting one
Opera was destined to become...
the greatest art form in the history of Italy
Where did single men normally stand in a theater?
the main floor
The subject matter shifted from biblical content to...
to myths, history, and fiction.
The Renaissance provided a shift from the preparation for eternity to...
to the value and worth of an earthly life
"Achilles" was the first Renaissance...
tragedy
What did the Spanish theatre program consist of?
variety acts, prologue, a dance, and interludes/intermissions between the acts of the play