Totalitarianism

What were some things police terror did?

monitored phone lines, read mail, and planted informers all over

Qualities of a totalitarianism leader

quickly displaces blame on other groups in society, popularity elected into power, denies basic rights to individuals

Hitler and Indoctrination

- Hitler wanted to sway public opinion - any books that did not conform to Nazi beliefs were burned - churches were forbidden from criticizing the government - school children joined the Hitler Youth or League of German girls - Jews were used as scapegoats for the issues plaguing Germany

Examples of totalitarianism leaders

- Joseph Stalin - Adolf Hitler - Benito Mussolini - Francisco Franco - Shigenori Togo

Why was the Weimar Republic terrible from the start?

- No tradition of democracy - Too many political parties - Already shouldered blame for the Treaty of Versailles

Qualities of Resistances

- Represented beliefs opposite of the group in charge - Focused on spreading information through pamphlets, and writings that dissented with the majority - Often small and lacked true training in military matters - Usually younger individuals disillusioned by the government

Mussolini's style of government

- Abolishment of democracy and outlawing of all political parties - Establishment of a Secret Police - Spread propaganda through the radio and newspapers - Allied himself with industrialists to control the economy

Problems in Italy

- no land gains after WWI - rising inflation, unemployment - Communism spreading - Lack of a strong leader

Fascism

a nationalistic style of government that promotes the need to emphasize loyalty and obedience to the leader

National Socialist German Workers' Party, or nazi

a right-wing political group that focused on overturning the Treaty of Versailles and combat communism

Weimar Republic

Germany's new democratic government established in 1919

Why does Hitler go to Jail?

Hitler and Nazis march on Munich to seize power but it fails. Hitler was tried for treason which is punishable by death but is only given 5 years.

Education and Hitler

Hitler effectively took control of education in order to manipulate children. Biology focused on racial science, English focused on creating allegories for Anti-Semitism.

Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

Hitler's Ideological book written while in prison, explained the superiority of the Aryan race, pushed back against the treaty of versailles, a need for living space (must conquer land)

censorship

Individual expression and creativity is ignored and repressed by the government, control of all newspapers, movies, radio, and all other forms of communication

What signaled the beginning of the Holocaust?

Kristallnacht or Reichskristallnacht (night of broken glass)

Rise of Stalin

Lenin died in 1924 and Joseph Stalin gradually took control of the Soviet Union. He forced peasants to give up their land and work on collective farms. The forced collectivization caused the intentional deaths of millions of these peasants by starvation. Workers were denied rights to move job choice and change working hours.

Types of Government

Totalitarianism can manifest itself in a variety of styles of government: - Fascism - communism - dictatorships - monarchy

religious persecution

Two distinct ways of how totalitarianism deals with religion: -Replaces current religion with one focused on the leader themselves -Completely removing religion from society

Nazism

a brand of fascism built around appealing to lower and middle-class individuals, racial superiority, and industrial control

How does Germany recover from rapidly rising inflation?

Charles Dawes (american banker) infused 200 million dollars into the German Economy to slow inflation. Helped until the Great Depression hit Europe.

What act granted Hitler absolute power for 4 years?

The Enabling Act of 1933

What causes Japan to lose a democracy?

The Great Depression

Was WWI inevitable?

Yes

Life under Stalin

Women became increasingly involved in society, equal rights. All schools were run by the state and taught communist principles. Those who ignored these concepts were jailed or killed.

Hitler's rule in Germany

-banned all political parties - created the SS (schutzstaffel) who were only loyal to Hitler -Created Gestapo or secret police to train public into obedience -outlawed strikes and labor unions, and took control of businesses

Following WWI, what did Japan establish?

A democratic government.

What European countries economy collapsed due to the Great Depression?

Austria, Germany, France, and Great Britain

Mussolini's supporters were called

Black Shirts

Mussolini's new Rome

Black shirts began to attack communists and socialists. Mussolini and the Fascists marched on Rome demanding he be put in power and he eventually "legally" became leader after threats.

Tools of totalitarianism

Police terror, indoctrination, censorship, and religious persecution.

The Great Purge

Stalin killed masses of his own people that he believed were plotting against him

Indoctrination

Teaching someone to accept an idea or principle without question, was done with propaganda.

What was the goal of totalitarianism?

To provide safety and security, give a unified approach to the future.

who does fascism appeal to?

business owners, lower middle class, and war veterans

Key traits of totalitarianism

dictatorship and one party rule, dynamic leader, ideology, state control over All Sectors of Society, state control over individual, dependence on Modern technology, organized violence

What was totalitarianism?

form of government in which the individual has no rights or freedom to dictate their life. The government takes full control of all aspects of public and private life.