Trauma Exam

The mastoid process is located approximately

1" posterior to the external opening of the ear.

The lower jawbone is called the

A. mandible. Correct B. zygoma. C. mastoid. D. maxillae.

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should:

C. follow appropriate standard precautions.

The phrenic nerves control the diaphragm and exit the spinal cord at

C3, C4, C5

Significant blood loss demands your immediate attention as soon as the _____ has been managed

Controlling major external bleeding is always the priority.

A patient who presents with profound cyanosis following a chest injury:

Requires prompt oxygenation and ventilation

Which of the following statements regarding the rule of nines is correct?

The anterior trunk of an adult is equal to 18% of the BSA.

epiphyseal fracture

a break at the location of the growth plate, which can affect growth of the bone

An open neck injury may result in _____ if enough air is sucked into a blood vessel.

an air embolism.

A short backboard or vest-style immobilization device is indicated for patients who:

are in a sitting position and are clinically stable.

After your partner assumes manual in-line stabilization of the patient's head, you should:

assess distal neurovascular status in the extremities.

A 38 year old male was electrocuted while attempting to wire a house. Your assessment reveals that he is unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. A coworker has shut off power to the house. You should

begin CPR and apply the AED.

When worn properly, a seatbelt should lie:

below the anterior superior iliac spines of the pelvis and against the hip joints.

A 39-year-old female experienced a severe closed head injury. She is unconscious with her eyes slightly open; her pupils are bilaterally dilated and slow to react. In addition to managing problems with airway, breathing, and circulation, you should:

close her eyes and cover them with a moist dressing.

A(n) ____ occurs when a great amount of force is applied to the body for a long period of time

crushing injury

A 37-year-old male was pinned between a flatbed truck and a loading dock. On exam, you find bruising to the chest, distended neck veins, bilaterally diminished breath sounds, and bilateral scleral hemorrhaging. You should:

d. Aggressively manage his airway.

Air bags are designed to

decrease the severity of deceleration injuries.

Accumulation of blood in the abdominal cavity will most likely cause

distention

The cervical spine is most protected from whiplash-type injuries when the

headrest is appropriately positioned.

Blood in the urine is known as:

hematuria

A 45 year old male was working on his roof when he fell approximately 12 feet, landing on his feet. He is conscious and alert and complains of an ache in his lower back. He is breathing adequately and has stable vital signs. You should

immobilize his spine and perform a focused secondary exam.

Improperly applying a splint can cause all of the following, EXCEPT:

increase of distal circulation if the splint is too tight

A driver involved in a rollover motor vehicle crash will MOST likely experience serious injuries or death if he or she:

is ejected or partially ejected.

In any case of trauma to a female patient, you should always determine if the patient

is pregnant

A laceration

jagged wound

Bruising to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen following blunt trauma is most suggestive of injury to the

liver

A person who experiences a calcaneus fracture after jumping and landing on his or her feet would MOST likely experience an accompanying fracture of the

lumbar spine

Which of the following is not a symptom of a concussion

muscle tremors

Scleral

pertaining to the white of the eye

A 77-year-old woman slipped and fell on a throw rug and landed on her left hip. She denies striking her head or losing consciousness. Assessment of her left leg reveals that it is shortened and externally rotated. Distal pulses, sensory, and motor functions are intact. You should:

place her onto a scoop stretcher, pad around her left hip with pillows, and secure her to the scoop with straps.

Splinting an extremity even when there is no fracture can help to:

reduce pain minimize damage to an already-injured extremity make it easier to move the patient

When a motor vehicle strikes a tree while traveling at 40 mph, the unrestrained occupant:

remains in motion until acted upon by an external force.

If one or more occupants in the same vehicle are killed in a crash, the EMT should:

suspect that all living occupants experienced the same serious trauma.

Edema

swelling

Elevation of the rib cage during inhalation occurs when:

the intercostal muscles contract.

The act of pulling on a body structure in the direction of its normal alignment is called:

traction

A female patient with a suspected head injury has slow, shallow breathing. The most appropriate treatment for her includes

ventilation assistance to maintain an ETCO2 of 30 to 35 mm Hg.

Pleural fluid is contained between the:

visceral and parietal pleurae.

Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of laryngeal injury

wheezing

Helmets must be removed in all of the following cases, EXCEPT:

when there are no impending airway or breathing problems.

By what mechanism is a person injured when he or she falls from a significant height

Potential energy is converted to kinetic energy; the kinetic energy is then converted into the work of bringing the body to a stop.

The MOST common and serious complication of a significant head injury is:

cerebral edema

The MOST commonly fractured bone(s) in the body is the:

clavicle

Which of the following would most likely occur as a direct result of the second collision in a motor vehicle crash

deformed steering wheel

A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be MOST suspicious for:

posterior hip dislocation