UNC PSYC 242 (Clinical Psychology) with Ludwig Exam 1

what is the positive approach to ethical conduct

we need to make every effort to ensure ones professional behavior is as consistent with ethical principle as possible

what is the biggest diagnostic issue from the text

whether diagnoses are things we all have varying levels of or something some have and others do not

is the Wechsler intelligence test reliable and valid

yes

what 6 factors should be considered grading TAT

1. characteristics of the hero 2. Motives, trends, needs, feelings of the hero; including their intensity, duration, frequency, and importance to the plot. Look for achievement, aggression, dominance, and nurturance 3. Forces in the hero's environment, including people and situations, the presence of aggression by others, dominance, seduction, rejection, and physical danger 4. Outcome of the story - overall doomed, happy, overly happy, fake (phony) 5. Themes of how the hero's needs are met by certain consistent stressors or outcomes 6. Positive or negative valence of certain characters, such as the older women ("mother figure"), man, and the self-projection

what are the 6 common criticisms of the scientific basis of psychology

1. psychology is common sense 2. psychology does not use the scientific method 3. psychology cannot yield meaningful generalizations because everyone is unique -Alcoholic Anonymous doesn't help all problem drinkers 4. psychological results are not repeatable (too much variability) 5. psychological is not useful to society 6. psychology cannot make precise predictions due to vast ranges of results

how is the Rorschach inkblot test administered

5 black and white and 5 colored ink blots

what does Henry Study at UNC

African American youth how does race affect development what is the pride in race affect

what is the Goal of TAT

Assess "psychological needs as well as how the individual interacts with others and the environment"

what female american lobbied for better institutions for the mentally ill

D. Dix In the US, the mentally ill that did not have a hospital bed went to jail she wanted to remove the mentally ill from jail

what is the function of behavioral assessments

Define the problem (target) behavior evaluate the antecedents and consequences of the behavior use findings to design an intervention

who is the father of descriptive psychology how did he feel we should divide psychological problems

E. Kraepelin endogenously or exogenously

who is the provider from conneticut that opened hospitals for the mentally ill during the 1800s

E. Todd he opened The Retreat

define personality

Enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about oneself, others, and the environment (world) across a wide range of social and personal contexts

what is a cross-sectional design

Examining a group of subjects simultaneously in various stages of development, levels of education, severity of illness, or stages of recovery to describe changes in a phenomenon across stages. only measure at one time

what are the Big 9 personality indicators

Gender, racial/ ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, national identity, (dis)ability, SES, Age, education

what categorizes someone as intellectually disabled

ID: when they are within the 2.1% of the population IQ below 70

what is a case study

Involves an intensive examination of specific individuals or specific contexts usually requires the researcher to speculate aims to explain an observation in depth

what is another important of competence

Know your limits! Seek additional training or supervision when necessary

who coined the term Clinical Psychology? what did he do

L. Witmer He opened the first clinic to practive clinical psychology

what does Lee Spivey at UNC study

Lee studies LGBTQ+ youth

what are two objective personality tests

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) NEO pErsonality inventory

do clinical psychologist only use evidence based practices

No

does the NEO consider validity

No

can psychologist use training to torture terrorist?

Nope psychologist cannot use any part of the code of ethics to justify or defend the violation of human rights

what is a projective personality test

Normally consist of presenting ambiguous stimuli to individuals and recording their responses it is based on the premise clients reveal their personalities by the way they make sense of vaguely defined objectives or situations

what are some differences between a PhD vs a Psy D

PhD have smaller classes PhD have higher GRE and are attached to University Psychology departments PhD have more funding PsyD generally have a Masters degree

what figure was important for the change in treatment for the mentally ill in France

Pinel he taught people that mentally ill individuals deserve compassion wanted to move the mentally ill from dungeons

what are the 5 forms of psychotherapy

Psychodynamic Behavioral Humanistic Family-oriented Cognitive

what is McFalls First Corrolarry

Psychological service shouldn't be administered to the public except under strict experimental control) until: 1. the nature of the service is described 2. the claimed benefits of the service mist be stated explicitly 3. the claimed benefits are valid 4. negative side effects do not outweigh benefits

what are the two subjective personality test

Rorschach Inkblot TAT

what are two subjective personality test of interest

Rorschach Inkblot Thematic Apperception Test

what test is regarded as the age scale

Stanford Binet scale

what is the Flynn Effect

Sustained increase of IQ performance over the course of the last century Each generation performs slightly better than the one before it

what individual was involved with the Duty to Warn trial

Tarasoff

What is the Vail Model?

The Practitioner-scholar model focus on practitioner clinical skills

what factors are considered in the draw a person in the rain test

The orientation of the drawing: Umbrella: Human figure: The size of the drawing: How you drew the picture: Does the person move in your drawing?

what is the importance of process with assessment

To understand mechanisms or causes of psychopathological functioning To monitor treatment progress

what are some disadvantages of RCTS

Trade-offs with external validity Requires standardization that could affect the treatment itself Expensive to conduct Time-intensive

What are the Wechsler tests

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V) Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III) Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI)

how does the Wechsler intelligence test define intelligence

Wechsler follows the three-stratum theory the test has scores for each stratum

what is the current standardized assessment of intelligence for adults

Wechsler-Bellevue

what is a golden mean fallacy

a compromise is necessarily an answer

what is TFT known for

a fast cure

what is Critical incident stress Management (CISM)

a form of treatment that actually causes more harm than good improvements are due to symptoms going away naturally

what is the humanistic approach to psychotherapy

a holistic approach to treatment and understanding of the human experience they encourage self-awareness and mindfulness mindfulness and behavioral therapy with positive social support the concept is to provide unconditional positive regard to improve a sense of self and gain more meaning in life

what is multiculturalism

a model that strengthens therapy by infusing them with sensitivity awareness culture shapes the way that clients understand issues

what is a meta analysis

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies quantitative

what is the Thematic Apperception Test

a projective personality test a depicted scene is interpreted

when can a psychologist refer out

a psychologist cannot refer for religious reasons, but can refer when they are not competent to work with a client

what is an analogue design study

a study that involves an approximation of the target client or situation as a substitute for the real thing use convenient population instead this approximates the phenomena

What is Eye movement desensitization and reprocess treatment

a treatment that has some merit, but not for the reason proposed. it involves moving eyes back and forth when thinking of traumatic experience to relieve emotional challenge a purple hat therapy

what are the 3 reasons a psychologist can break confidence

abuse subpoena serious risk

what 4 things help a psychological trainee become ethically aware

acculturation, separation, assimilation, integration

what alternatives of the MMPI exist

adolescent version (14-18)shortened version

what is cultural adoption

adopt evidence based therapy to fit culture

what is an example of a cultural competency provided in the book

african americans often exhibit a guardedness justified by many years of formal and informal racial prejudice, oppression, and betrayal

what is behavioral psychotherapy

all behaviors are learned unhealthy behaviors can be changed therapy approaches increases a person's engagement in positive or socially reinforcing activities

What is the Boulder Model? what education is this associated with

also known as the scientist-practitioner model psychologist need to be able to make assessments and do research prominently taught in PhD programs

when should you break confidentiality with children

always report abuse to a vulnerable population

what is a neuropsychological test

an assessment used to assess broad ranges of skills and abilities with the goal of understanding brain-behavior relations focus on issues of cognitive or brain dysfunction, including the effects of brain injuries

what is the clinical scientist model of training

an emphasis on research

what does psychosis mean

an individual demonstrates a disconnect from reality in the form of hallucination, delusions, or disorganized thinking

What is the million clinical multiaxial inventory

an objective perosnality test used to diagnose several disorders

what is the beck depression inventory

an objective test to determine depression it lacks a validity measure

what is psychodynamic therapy

approach to psychology that emphasizes the systematic study of psychological forced that underlie human behaviors, feelings, and emotions and how they might relate to early experiences

what are the intelligence test for the armed forces

army alpha and beta intelligence tests they became the foundation of the Wechsler intelligence test, such as the WAIS

what does the NEO personality inventory test

assess normal personality 5 factors Openness to new experience, consciousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

what does integrity mean

be accurate and honest

what are methods of behavioral assessment

behavioral observation interviews and surveys

what are the 3 domains of psychotherapy

behaviorism humanistic cognitive

what defines multiple relationships

being in a role outside of professional in a relationship with a person proximal to the patient promising to enter a different relationship in the future or a person associated with or related to the person sexual multiple relationships

what are the 5 ethical principles of the APA

beneficence and nonmaleficence fidelity and responsibility justice integrity respect for people's rights and dignity

what is the difference between between group comparison and in-group comparison

between group compares multiple groups that receive different treatment. i.e. experiment and control within group compares participants to conditions of themselves at different times

what was Witner's claim to fame

birth of clinical psychology

what is a double blind study

both subjects and the experimenter do not know who has been assigned to which group in order to prevent bias

What does a longitudinal experiment emphasize

change across time this would include case studies and within group

when can confidentiality be broken with a child

child abuse

what is the belief system behind behavioral assessment

clients behavior are not signs of underlying issues or problems. behaviors are the problem

what do clinical psychologist have to do to consider culture (as stated by the DSM)

clinical psychologist have to assess the culture of the client, their identity, cultural conceptualization of distress, and cultural formulas

provide the textbook definition of clinical psychology

clinical psychologist integrate science, theory, and practice to understand, predict, and alleviate maladjustment, disability, and discomfort as well as promote human adaptation, adjustment, and personal development. Focus on the intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of human function consider culture and aspects of the life such as SES

what is the ethical challenge of research

clinical psychologist need to determine empirically the efficacy of their therapy without exploiting a participant

what is the purpose of clinical psychology

clinical psychologist try and make people the best versions of themselves

what is the basis for PTSD

cognitive restructuring

what is microaggression:

comments or actions made in a cross-cultural context that conveys prejudice, negative, or stereotypical beliefs little things can be offensive

what is attentional bias modification

confirmation bias reversal

what is an example of a treatment that is not empirically supported

conversion therapy for homosexuals, which is unethical

what does it mean to be multiculturally competent as a counselor

counselors acquire awareness, knowledge, and skills needed to function effectively

how can psychologist build trust with children

create an agreement with the parents and child what constitutes a dangerous act and will it be disclosed

What is a subculture?

cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population prison culture based on specific work setting, living communities, or other variables

what is affiliation identity

culture can be composed of any group that shows a theme or issue

how does culture influence diagnosis

culture influences the experience or expression of a variety of psychological problems, including anxiety disorders and substance use

what is the narrow definition of culture

culture is composed of race

what is the general principle of aspirational

describes an ideal level of ethical functioning or how psych should strive to conduct themselves it offers descriptions of ethical behaviors

what is the location evaluation of the Rorschach

did the client focus on a specific detail or did they use the whole picture

what does it mean that a result is statistically significant

different scores on a a measure are larger than mere chance

what does beneficence mean

do no harm

what is the remedial approach to ethical conduct

doing just enough to avoid violations of ethical standards

what is selection bias

due to very strict inclusion criteria, their is limitations on who is includes and the extrapolation from results

other than the five factors of the NEO, what does it assess

emotional, interpersonal, attitudinal, and motivational styles

What is the emic perspective?

emphasize culture specific norms

How is thought field therapy performed

employs finger tapping on purported acupressure points

are any ethical violations worse than others

ethical violations all carry the same weight

what are the scoring/ interpretation patterns of the Rorschach

evaluate: location determinants form quality popularity context

how are we trying to help homeless drug users

evidence based self treatment for short term

what is done with basic psychopathological research

examine the cognitive, physiological, and environmental factors of disorders this is known as diagnosing

what is systematic review

examine the relevant research papers on a specific search topic. qualitative

what is burnout for psychologists

exhaustion related to engaging continually in emotionally demanding work that exceeds the normal stresses of the job

how can an experimenter exhibit bias

experimenter can interpret effects in different ways and treat participants differently

What is internal validity?

extent to which a causal conclusion based on study is warranted.

what are the three levels of the validity scale that illustrate issues

faking good faking bad inconsistent index

what are common fallacies of common sense

false dilemma golden mean fallacy

What does the Stanford-Binet test measure?

five factors fluid reasoning: problem solving knowledge: education, home, environment quantitative reasoning: ability to solve problems visual spatial processing

what are the 5 scales of the Stanford Binet test

fluid reasoning knowledge (can be difficult to score) quantitative reasoning visual-spatial reasoning working memory

what was an emphasis at Todd's Retreat

focus on patient *strengths* rather than deficiencies

what was the York Retreat

founded by Tuke residential treatment center at which mentally ill were cared for with *kindness, dignity, and decency*

what did C. Spearman believed about inteligence

g was more important than s

how can good research help psychologist

generate new ideas improve existing ideas

how is multiculturalism emphasized by APA accreditation standards

graduate programs must emphasize multiculturalism for accreditation students and staff must be of a diverse background .must educate students about the role of culture in the science and practice of psychology

what occurs with overcommiting

having a low sense of control

why did Pignotti believe TFT worked

he cured himself twice

what is the issue with duty to warn

how credible is the client what about individuals having unprotected sex with HIV

what is racial centralization

how you tie in race into identity

what are the 2 approaches to a case study

idiographic approach: emphasize or reveal the unique qualities of each person nomothetic approach: determine similarities or common qualities among people

what makes multiple relationships unethical

if it impairs psychologist objectivity, competence, or effectiveness or harms the professional relationship in some way

what is an issue with treatment fidelity

if you know a patient could use a certain treatment, but you still have to maintain the control treatment

what does regression of the mean, mean

if you take extremes, they have a tendency to move toward average

what are two different exposure strategies to help with PTSD

imaginal exposure and in vivo exposure

what is bad about self-reported measures

impression management lack of insight lack of attention

are students required to treat homosexuals

in some states, no although some schools have expelled people for not kicking them out of school Julia Ward

what is the broad definition of culture

include any and all potentially salient ethnographic, demographic, status, or affiliated identity

how are samples selected for RCT

inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria: selection bias

outline the tripartile model of personal identification

individual (unique experience), group (individuals are like other individuals) and the demographic universe

what is integration

individuals adopt new culture and retain old

what does neuroticism mean

individuals suffer from a form of psychiatric symptom, such as anxiety or depression, and remain connected to reality

what is disclosed with informed consent in research

inform participants about aspects of the study, its purpose, procedure, and length of time, risk, and experimental design inform of therapy length, goals, and psychotherapy

what really is intelligence

intelligence is what is valued by society it is impacted by context

what 3 contextual things compose intelligence? define each

internal: anxiety, motivation, other symptoms external: environmental (dis)avantage culture: deference v. independence

what is the context evaluation of the Rorschach

is the client consistently responding that the images look like a particular category (e.g., people, animals, food, body parts)?

what is the form quality evaluation of the Rorschach

is the response easily identifiable in the actual image or is it distorted/unique

what is the popularity evaluation of the Rorschach

is this a common/frequent response?

why is it important that RCT groups only vary by the intervention

it allows for comparison

why is it important to recognize our own viewpoint

it allows us to decrease the harmful impact on others

what does the california psychological inventory measure

it focuses on satisfaction with life, love attitudes, heartland forgiveness, authentic happiness, general happiness, gratitude and values in action

does the MMPI considered validity

it includes a validity scale and is reliable. few people can outwit the validity scale

what is a mixed group design

it is a combo of between group and within group

What is the Stanford-Binet test?

it is an IQ test administered 1:1

who should the Stanford Binet scale be used for

it is best used with children

is it okay to refer patients when someone else can provide better care

it is ethically if someone will get better care, but not for demographic reasons

what makes a good personality test

it is objective, valid, and reliable

what is the cognitive approach to psychotherapy

it is the belief that negative thought patterns (about the self, other people, and the world) can lead to dysfunction or disconnect thoughts and interpretation can impact our mood and functioning

how is informed consent used

it is used in research, assesment, and therapy

what is emotional regulation used for

it is used to categorize PTSD

what is a benefit of the MMPI

it is valid and reliable people are scaled it is capable of detecting random responses or misleading responses

how does duty to warn fall under ethics and practice

it isn't under competence standards therapist don't have to be perfect

why should individuals not avoid trauma

it reinforces tendencies of avoidance avoidance will keep people safe, but not allow them to grow

during the 1700s, how was mental illness perceived? how were people cared for?

mental illness was the result of evil spirits people were kept in prison like institutions

what are some examples of confounding factors

more therapist exposure, age of therapist, location, interpersonal style

define exposure

negative emotions associated with the trauma

can the Rorschach inkblot method be used to diagnose disorders

no

do all states have the duty to warn

no

does the NEO have a validity measure

no

what are the forms of control groups

no treatment/ waitlist control a placebo treatment (meet with psych) alternative tratment

do all population have access to the same amount of resources

no, minority populations lack resources making treatment less accessible

is talking deeply good for all cultures

no. it won't necessarily make people of a certain culture happy

do all people receive evidence supported treatment

no. many people receive unsupported treatment

is there scientific evidence TFT works

none

can minors sign informed constent

nope

what is the experimental method

observation > hypothesis > empirical testing > interpretation

what are practice guidelines as it refers to methods of research

official statements that include recommendations intended to optimize patient care that are informed by a systematic review of evidence and an assessment of the benefits and harms of alternative care options

where should educational institutes for clinical psychologist be placed

on scientific principle, critical thinking, and application of knowledge, principles and methods

what is the three-stratum theory of intelligence

one single g, 8 broad factors beneit g, and 60 specific abilities benefit these broad factors compose our intelligence

what is the waitlist control group

one that is not receiving the intervention, but will receive the intervention after the experiment concludes if it proves to be effective

what is bad about doing online therapy session

online restricts interaction with patients

what 4 things influence ones culture

original culture 1. assimilation 2. separation 3. marginalization 4. integration

what is fluid intelligence

our ability to reason when faced with a problem problem solve

What is the etic perspective?

outsider's interpretation of the experiences of the culture emphasize similarities between all people

how is confidentiality applied to children

parents are entitled to be informed about hteir children's prgress in therapy

what is a randomized control trial

participants are assigned to different treatment conditions they only differ by the intervention

What is a quasi-experiment?

participants in a study are matches as closely as possible since not everything is controllable

how does the minnesota personality inventory operate

patients read self descriptive statements and label them true or false

how do people view psychology

people believe that daily life experiences is enough training in psychology people feel studying behavior is a pseudoscience since we are all unique psychology is thought of as one of the least important sciences

what was the theme of Talk Deeply, Be happy

people who spend more of their time having deep discussions and less time engaging in small talk seem to be happier

what factors influence diagnoses

perhaps: gender, culture

what is the california psychological inventory

personality test that emphasizes the positive attributes of personality

what are some claimed cures TFT has

phobias, panics, anxiety, depression, OCD, PTSD, jet lag, malaria, AIDS, blind, and mute

what is a common concern with the homeless substance abuse population

population is stigmatized for inflicting damage to oneselves

why did the UNited States begin using mental illness diagnosis

population statistics

what can assessment help to do in the long term

prescribe and lead to treatment planning

What population did Witmer interact with

primarily children

what is thematic apperception test

projective personality test clients create stories from images must describe what happened before and what after must the scene

what is the Rorschach inkblot test

projective personality test based on assumptions people project onto ambiguous stimuli

what is the Rotter Incomplete Sentences test

projective personality test where ambiguous sentences are completed by clients

why is test security important

protecting material is important so people don't game the system data can be released unless it may be misused or can harm clients

what are boundaries of competence:

provide services, teach and conduct research with population and in areas only within the boundaries of competences this is based on education, training, supervision, consultation, study, or professional experience

what is a consultation

providers seek peer expertise and knowledge for help

what was stated about the responsibility of psychologist for the duty to warn

psych need to warn police and possible victims of danger

what is social invention

psychologist are recognized for making disorders out of some aspect of human experience that had previously been considered normal

how did war shape clinical psychology

psychologist focused on treatment for shell shock/ PTSD there was a drive to help members of the armed service for their service

what is a boundary psychologist need to be aware of

psychologist need to be aware of the risk of multiple relationships

what are multiple relationships bad

psychologist should be neutral and impartial

what is purple hat therapy

purple hat: the "treatment", such as eye movement doesn't actually do anything. the active ingredient of intervention is something else, such as exposure therapy

what is the purpose of TAT

purpose is to examine an individual's responses to glean insights about that particular person

what are alternatives to RTCs

quasi-experiment analogue design correlation design case study

what is seperation

rejection of new culture

what are concerns with projective personality test

reliability and validity, they are not

what is a correlation method

research procedure used to determine the "co-relationship" between variables

what is a problem with case studies

results may not apply to similar cases

what are more ethical clinical practices

selecting tests appropriate for assessment select base on competence, client culture, language and age use reliable and valid scales

what are barriers to psychologist for overcoming public opinion

self help books public identity is associated with media personalities such as Dr. Phil hindsight bias, people think psych. knowledge is obvious the illusion of understanding: people feel psychology is easy Occam's razor people are bias toward evidence that supports their own belief many don't understand how psychological research is performed

what is something to consider when practicing in small communities

small communities: ethnic, religious, sexual orientation, military base, small college, etc address multiple relationships in session

what are some examples on how cultures assess intelligence

societies have different views of behaviors the US is individualistic

what is the purpose of applied research

solving real problems, developing new tools

what is the hierarchical model of intelligence

specific abilities are important, but related to general intellect

what is working memory

store, transform, and recall data in short term memory

What do clinical psychologists do?

study, assess, and treat people with psychological problems/ disorders

what is in vivo expsoure

target avoidance behaviors and thought suppression exposure to triggering experiences and target avoidance

What was the theme of McFalls manifesto

the Cardinal Principle: Scientific Clinical Psychology is the only legitimate and acceptable form of Clinical Psychology

What is crystallized intelligence?

the body if knowledge one has accumulated as a result of life experience

why are people convinced that unsubstantiated treatment works

the claims are not falsifiable people rely on anecdotal evidence regression of the mean

how does the MMPI measure personality

the clinical scale: the higher a client scores on a particular scale, the greater the likelihood that he or she demonstrates that form of psychopathy

why does the Flynn effect exist

the education system has improved expectations of education has improved healthcare has improved SES has improved

what is P. Pinel associated with

the emergence of *treatment planning and documentation* (case history, clinical notes, classification of illness)

What is external validity?

the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other people

what does it mean that a result is clinically significant

the intervention had a meaningful impact on functioning

provide an example of how culture influencing the clinical context

the parent-child relationship family structure influences culture

what is the reliable change index

the post core score was within 2 standard deviations of the mean score of the non-distressed group

what is family oriented psychotherapy

the premise is that mental illness is a symptom of a flawed family approach it strives to include family members as social support and or to reduce conflict in the home environment by working as a team

what is McFalls second Corollary

the primary and overriding objective of doctoral training programs in clinical psychology must be to produce the most competent clinical scientists

what is assessment

the process of gathering and integrating information about people's symptoms and their possible causes

What is efficacy

the success of a particular therapy in a controlled study

what is effectiveness

the success of a therapy in a clinical setting in which the clients problems span a wider range

what is psychotherapy

the use of psychology to improve people the dominant activity of clinical psychology became prominent after WWII

what does it mean when there are confounding variables in a study

there are factors that could explain the results of the study that are not directly measured or assessed in the study

what is Voice Technology

there are issues that arise from individual energy toxins

how does Callahan think TFT works

there are thought fields containing bioenergetic units called perturbations

what are some features of the Wechsler intelligence test

they are examined 1:1 with examinee-interviewer they have a: verbal comprehensive, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed index

what is a problem with the Wechsler test and stanford-binet test

they are not culturally fair they rely on verbal skills

what is a benefit of projective personality test

they are not fakable

what in a RCT is important about the control and treatment groups

they are randomly assigned

are harmless relationships truly harmless

they can be detrimental because they set a precedent for non professional behavior

why is it hard to test some treatment

they generally rely heavily on anecdotal evidence and explain away treatment failures

why are managed care networks bad for clinical psychologist

they may divide loyalty for the psychologist between the organization and the patient

what does it mean to be competent

to be capable, skilled, experienced, and an expert

what is the goal of assessment

to provide diagnostic clarity for clients

what is the purpose of a behavioral assessment

to understand the cause and consequence of behaviors

what categorizes someone as intellectually gifted

top 2.1% population IQ above 130

what is separation in terms of ethics

trainees are to use personal values when making profesional decrions

what is integration in terms of ethics

trainees hold personal values and the values of the profession

what are some unfounding assumptions of CISM

trauma exposure will lead to psychological issues need to intervene early to prevent the development of chronic post-traumatic stress issues

what does it mean for RCT to have treatment fidelity

treatment fidelity means there are instructions/ guidelines for clients the providers maintain the structured prescribed treatment to maintain another level of control

what is behavioral activation

try and get people to do things they enjoy or feel pride in

what is a culturally appropriate test to administer to everyone for intelligence

universal nonverbal intelligence test: requires no speaking it is objective measures spatial and symbolic memory

What is non-evidence based treatment for PTSD

unsubstantiated, untested, and otherwise questionable treatment and assessment methods nonexistent or science theoretical foundation raelyn testable

why should clinical psychologist not use untested treatment

unvalid remedy can be detrimental to patients and ultimately means proper treatment is being withheld

what is overpathologizing

viewing as abnormal that which is culturally normal

what are some of the ways psychologist treat PTSD

virtual reality and written exposure emotion regulation and mindfulness behavioral activation attentional bias modification

why do we predict with assessment

we predict the likely future functioning

what does an achievement test measure

what a client has accomplished with intellectual abilities

what is the determinants evaluation of the Rorschach

what characteristics are they attending to? The examiner must consider all of the possibilities that contribute to why an object that is reported actually looks like that to the subject.

what is boundary erosion

when a boundary is crossed and the barrier between professional and professional becomes nonexistent

what is a cargo cult science

when an individual pretends to perform science while not following the scientific method

what is an issue with access to providers in minority populations

when people of color reach out to providers, they are less likely to get a called back

what are the 8 steps of ethical decision making

1. prior to any ethical dilemma arising, make a commitment to doing what is ethically appropriate 2. follow APA ethical code 3. consult any laws for guidelines 4. understand the perspective of various parties 5. generate and evaluate alternatives 6. select ethical action 7. monitor consequences of actions 8. modify actions as needed

who developed TFT

Callahaun

what is the good and bad of the Rorschach

Good: difficult to fake Bad: not reliable or valid

what is the current standardized IQ test for children

Stanford-Binet Intelligence scale

the DSM identifies Trans individuals with gender identity disorder/ gender disphoria. is this a good thing

being it is medical means insurance will help pay

what is assimilation

individuals adopt new culture and abandon old culture

what are two things psychologies assess

intelligence and personality

what was L. Thurstone's beliefs of intellligence

intelligence is many things

what did L. Thurstone believed about intelligence

intelligence is multiple things

what was C. Spearman's beliefs of intelligence

intelligence is one thing, g a single factor underlies all aspects of intelligence

what is an impact of cultural competency

it leads to better relationships and patient outcomes

what is the appropriate control group

one that doesn't receive the treatment and matches the treatment group

why do psychologist ignore skepticism

psychologist traditionally have felt it lacks merit

what are the good aspects of self-reported measures

quick, easy to administer, inexpensive

what is the gold standard for experiments in psychology

randomized clinical trials

where do clinical psychologist consult

school: assist with learning disabilities families: adoption/ fertility law: insanity pleas

what is an issue with only using evidence based practive

science doesn't know all the answers

what is imagination exposure

target reexperiencing symptoms (when you have flashbacks have clients imagine the experience and target the thought

do assessments include culture

the MMPI consider culture

what is important to remember about psychologist relationships

the therapist hold all the power clients, not the therapist, should be the principle concern

what is the purpose of focusing on traumatic events

trying to teach individuals to grow outside of combat

what is cultural compentence

understanding of factors associated with age, gender, sexuali orenation, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, language, or SES

what is cultural self-awareness

understanding one's personal viewpoint; values, assumptions, and biases *recognize that differences between people are not necessarily deficiencies

what is evidence based assessment

use methods that have strong reliability, validity, and utility

what is a false dilemma

when people believe there are only 2 options

does the DSM consider culture

yes DSM provides general guidance for clinicians to help with overall cultural competence

can confidentiality ever be broken

yes, confidentiality can be broken

why is it good to understand skepticism

you have to understand the enemy to overcome the enemy via education

what are the general principles of ethics? what are the ethical standards

1. aspirational 2. enforceable

what pattern of treatment do people see in case studies and within group design

ABAB design treatment: alternately applied and removed

what is the purpose of basic research

Basic research helps us understand fundamental principles

what is Cognitive Restructuring

Cognitive shifts, including increased flexibility of thinking, distress tolerance and cognitive restructuring, may be more important that habituation or symptom reduction.

what are the advantages of RCTs

Decreased population bias (randomization) High internal validity Can be combined in meta-analyses Strong statistical analysis methods Manipulation/control of variables

who believed we had a general intelligence and who believed that we have independent intelligence

EL Thorndike: possess separate, independent intelligence C Spearman: general intelligence, Gq

what are the 2 objective personality test

MMPI NEO

what was the finding from Pignetti's experiment

TFT was as effective as the random TFT logarithm

Who was the pioneer of caring treatment and what did he found

W. Tuke He opened York REtreat, a residential treatment center where the mentally ill would be cared for with kindness, dignity, and decency

what is the relationship between internal and external validity

as one increases, the other decreases

what are the two domains of the APA code of ethics

aspirational and enforceable

what does fidelity mean

faithfulness, trust

what is marginalization

individuals reject old and new culture

do chinese individuals tend to consume more or less mental health care

less

what is validity

measure of what its suppose to measure

how is IQ determined in the Stanford Binet scale

mental age/ chronological age = IQ

is the MMPI valid for all americans

most the sample was diverse and included non-clinical persons

Can LGBTQ youth consent to gender change (with hormones/ procedures)

no

what do clinical psychologist do

research practice educate assess

can psychologist discriminate

section 3.01 of the ethics code says they cannot section 2.01b says they can refer out

what are some issues with structural racism identified in the panel

services differ for problems associated with black populations

what are some behaviors that would not be ethically appropriate for a psychologist

sex with a client (current or former) socializing with current clients disclosure of confidential information

what are some ethical behaviors of psychologist

shaking hands with clinets, addressing clients by their first name, and breaking confidentiality for suicidal/ homicidal thoughts

where was the first psychology clinic

the University of Pennsylvania

what is the scapegoat for TFT when it fails to cure someone

the toxin causing the issue is present in the environment

what is assimilation in terms of ethics

trainees rely mostly on the values set by the profession