UNC PSYC 242 (Clinical Psychology) with Ludwig Exam 1
what is the positive approach to ethical conduct
we need to make every effort to ensure ones professional behavior is as consistent with ethical principle as possible
what is the biggest diagnostic issue from the text
whether diagnoses are things we all have varying levels of or something some have and others do not
is the Wechsler intelligence test reliable and valid
yes
what 6 factors should be considered grading TAT
1. characteristics of the hero 2. Motives, trends, needs, feelings of the hero; including their intensity, duration, frequency, and importance to the plot. Look for achievement, aggression, dominance, and nurturance 3. Forces in the hero's environment, including people and situations, the presence of aggression by others, dominance, seduction, rejection, and physical danger 4. Outcome of the story - overall doomed, happy, overly happy, fake (phony) 5. Themes of how the hero's needs are met by certain consistent stressors or outcomes 6. Positive or negative valence of certain characters, such as the older women ("mother figure"), man, and the self-projection
what are the 6 common criticisms of the scientific basis of psychology
1. psychology is common sense 2. psychology does not use the scientific method 3. psychology cannot yield meaningful generalizations because everyone is unique -Alcoholic Anonymous doesn't help all problem drinkers 4. psychological results are not repeatable (too much variability) 5. psychological is not useful to society 6. psychology cannot make precise predictions due to vast ranges of results
how is the Rorschach inkblot test administered
5 black and white and 5 colored ink blots
what does Henry Study at UNC
African American youth how does race affect development what is the pride in race affect
what is the Goal of TAT
Assess "psychological needs as well as how the individual interacts with others and the environment"
what female american lobbied for better institutions for the mentally ill
D. Dix In the US, the mentally ill that did not have a hospital bed went to jail she wanted to remove the mentally ill from jail
what is the function of behavioral assessments
Define the problem (target) behavior evaluate the antecedents and consequences of the behavior use findings to design an intervention
who is the father of descriptive psychology how did he feel we should divide psychological problems
E. Kraepelin endogenously or exogenously
who is the provider from conneticut that opened hospitals for the mentally ill during the 1800s
E. Todd he opened The Retreat
define personality
Enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about oneself, others, and the environment (world) across a wide range of social and personal contexts
what is a cross-sectional design
Examining a group of subjects simultaneously in various stages of development, levels of education, severity of illness, or stages of recovery to describe changes in a phenomenon across stages. only measure at one time
what are the Big 9 personality indicators
Gender, racial/ ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, national identity, (dis)ability, SES, Age, education
what categorizes someone as intellectually disabled
ID: when they are within the 2.1% of the population IQ below 70
what is a case study
Involves an intensive examination of specific individuals or specific contexts usually requires the researcher to speculate aims to explain an observation in depth
what is another important of competence
Know your limits! Seek additional training or supervision when necessary
who coined the term Clinical Psychology? what did he do
L. Witmer He opened the first clinic to practive clinical psychology
what does Lee Spivey at UNC study
Lee studies LGBTQ+ youth
what are two objective personality tests
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) NEO pErsonality inventory
do clinical psychologist only use evidence based practices
No
does the NEO consider validity
No
can psychologist use training to torture terrorist?
Nope psychologist cannot use any part of the code of ethics to justify or defend the violation of human rights
what is a projective personality test
Normally consist of presenting ambiguous stimuli to individuals and recording their responses it is based on the premise clients reveal their personalities by the way they make sense of vaguely defined objectives or situations
what are some differences between a PhD vs a Psy D
PhD have smaller classes PhD have higher GRE and are attached to University Psychology departments PhD have more funding PsyD generally have a Masters degree
what figure was important for the change in treatment for the mentally ill in France
Pinel he taught people that mentally ill individuals deserve compassion wanted to move the mentally ill from dungeons
what are the 5 forms of psychotherapy
Psychodynamic Behavioral Humanistic Family-oriented Cognitive
what is McFalls First Corrolarry
Psychological service shouldn't be administered to the public except under strict experimental control) until: 1. the nature of the service is described 2. the claimed benefits of the service mist be stated explicitly 3. the claimed benefits are valid 4. negative side effects do not outweigh benefits
what are the two subjective personality test
Rorschach Inkblot TAT
what are two subjective personality test of interest
Rorschach Inkblot Thematic Apperception Test
what test is regarded as the age scale
Stanford Binet scale
what is the Flynn Effect
Sustained increase of IQ performance over the course of the last century Each generation performs slightly better than the one before it
what individual was involved with the Duty to Warn trial
Tarasoff
What is the Vail Model?
The Practitioner-scholar model focus on practitioner clinical skills
what factors are considered in the draw a person in the rain test
The orientation of the drawing: Umbrella: Human figure: The size of the drawing: How you drew the picture: Does the person move in your drawing?
what is the importance of process with assessment
To understand mechanisms or causes of psychopathological functioning To monitor treatment progress
what are some disadvantages of RCTS
Trade-offs with external validity Requires standardization that could affect the treatment itself Expensive to conduct Time-intensive
What are the Wechsler tests
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V) Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III) Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI)
how does the Wechsler intelligence test define intelligence
Wechsler follows the three-stratum theory the test has scores for each stratum
what is the current standardized assessment of intelligence for adults
Wechsler-Bellevue
what is a golden mean fallacy
a compromise is necessarily an answer
what is TFT known for
a fast cure
what is Critical incident stress Management (CISM)
a form of treatment that actually causes more harm than good improvements are due to symptoms going away naturally
what is the humanistic approach to psychotherapy
a holistic approach to treatment and understanding of the human experience they encourage self-awareness and mindfulness mindfulness and behavioral therapy with positive social support the concept is to provide unconditional positive regard to improve a sense of self and gain more meaning in life
what is multiculturalism
a model that strengthens therapy by infusing them with sensitivity awareness culture shapes the way that clients understand issues
what is a meta analysis
a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies quantitative
what is the Thematic Apperception Test
a projective personality test a depicted scene is interpreted
when can a psychologist refer out
a psychologist cannot refer for religious reasons, but can refer when they are not competent to work with a client
what is an analogue design study
a study that involves an approximation of the target client or situation as a substitute for the real thing use convenient population instead this approximates the phenomena
What is Eye movement desensitization and reprocess treatment
a treatment that has some merit, but not for the reason proposed. it involves moving eyes back and forth when thinking of traumatic experience to relieve emotional challenge a purple hat therapy
what are the 3 reasons a psychologist can break confidence
abuse subpoena serious risk
what 4 things help a psychological trainee become ethically aware
acculturation, separation, assimilation, integration
what alternatives of the MMPI exist
adolescent version (14-18)shortened version
what is cultural adoption
adopt evidence based therapy to fit culture
what is an example of a cultural competency provided in the book
african americans often exhibit a guardedness justified by many years of formal and informal racial prejudice, oppression, and betrayal
what is behavioral psychotherapy
all behaviors are learned unhealthy behaviors can be changed therapy approaches increases a person's engagement in positive or socially reinforcing activities
What is the Boulder Model? what education is this associated with
also known as the scientist-practitioner model psychologist need to be able to make assessments and do research prominently taught in PhD programs
when should you break confidentiality with children
always report abuse to a vulnerable population
what is a neuropsychological test
an assessment used to assess broad ranges of skills and abilities with the goal of understanding brain-behavior relations focus on issues of cognitive or brain dysfunction, including the effects of brain injuries
what is the clinical scientist model of training
an emphasis on research
what does psychosis mean
an individual demonstrates a disconnect from reality in the form of hallucination, delusions, or disorganized thinking
What is the million clinical multiaxial inventory
an objective perosnality test used to diagnose several disorders
what is the beck depression inventory
an objective test to determine depression it lacks a validity measure
what is psychodynamic therapy
approach to psychology that emphasizes the systematic study of psychological forced that underlie human behaviors, feelings, and emotions and how they might relate to early experiences
what are the intelligence test for the armed forces
army alpha and beta intelligence tests they became the foundation of the Wechsler intelligence test, such as the WAIS
what does the NEO personality inventory test
assess normal personality 5 factors Openness to new experience, consciousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism
what does integrity mean
be accurate and honest
what are methods of behavioral assessment
behavioral observation interviews and surveys
what are the 3 domains of psychotherapy
behaviorism humanistic cognitive
what defines multiple relationships
being in a role outside of professional in a relationship with a person proximal to the patient promising to enter a different relationship in the future or a person associated with or related to the person sexual multiple relationships
what are the 5 ethical principles of the APA
beneficence and nonmaleficence fidelity and responsibility justice integrity respect for people's rights and dignity
what is the difference between between group comparison and in-group comparison
between group compares multiple groups that receive different treatment. i.e. experiment and control within group compares participants to conditions of themselves at different times
what was Witner's claim to fame
birth of clinical psychology
what is a double blind study
both subjects and the experimenter do not know who has been assigned to which group in order to prevent bias
What does a longitudinal experiment emphasize
change across time this would include case studies and within group
when can confidentiality be broken with a child
child abuse
what is the belief system behind behavioral assessment
clients behavior are not signs of underlying issues or problems. behaviors are the problem
what do clinical psychologist have to do to consider culture (as stated by the DSM)
clinical psychologist have to assess the culture of the client, their identity, cultural conceptualization of distress, and cultural formulas
provide the textbook definition of clinical psychology
clinical psychologist integrate science, theory, and practice to understand, predict, and alleviate maladjustment, disability, and discomfort as well as promote human adaptation, adjustment, and personal development. Focus on the intellectual, emotional, biological, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects of human function consider culture and aspects of the life such as SES
what is the ethical challenge of research
clinical psychologist need to determine empirically the efficacy of their therapy without exploiting a participant
what is the purpose of clinical psychology
clinical psychologist try and make people the best versions of themselves
what is the basis for PTSD
cognitive restructuring
what is microaggression:
comments or actions made in a cross-cultural context that conveys prejudice, negative, or stereotypical beliefs little things can be offensive
what is attentional bias modification
confirmation bias reversal
what is an example of a treatment that is not empirically supported
conversion therapy for homosexuals, which is unethical
what does it mean to be multiculturally competent as a counselor
counselors acquire awareness, knowledge, and skills needed to function effectively
how can psychologist build trust with children
create an agreement with the parents and child what constitutes a dangerous act and will it be disclosed
What is a subculture?
cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population prison culture based on specific work setting, living communities, or other variables
what is affiliation identity
culture can be composed of any group that shows a theme or issue
how does culture influence diagnosis
culture influences the experience or expression of a variety of psychological problems, including anxiety disorders and substance use
what is the narrow definition of culture
culture is composed of race
what is the general principle of aspirational
describes an ideal level of ethical functioning or how psych should strive to conduct themselves it offers descriptions of ethical behaviors
what is the location evaluation of the Rorschach
did the client focus on a specific detail or did they use the whole picture
what does it mean that a result is statistically significant
different scores on a a measure are larger than mere chance
what does beneficence mean
do no harm
what is the remedial approach to ethical conduct
doing just enough to avoid violations of ethical standards
what is selection bias
due to very strict inclusion criteria, their is limitations on who is includes and the extrapolation from results
other than the five factors of the NEO, what does it assess
emotional, interpersonal, attitudinal, and motivational styles
What is the emic perspective?
emphasize culture specific norms
How is thought field therapy performed
employs finger tapping on purported acupressure points
are any ethical violations worse than others
ethical violations all carry the same weight
what are the scoring/ interpretation patterns of the Rorschach
evaluate: location determinants form quality popularity context
how are we trying to help homeless drug users
evidence based self treatment for short term
what is done with basic psychopathological research
examine the cognitive, physiological, and environmental factors of disorders this is known as diagnosing
what is systematic review
examine the relevant research papers on a specific search topic. qualitative
what is burnout for psychologists
exhaustion related to engaging continually in emotionally demanding work that exceeds the normal stresses of the job
how can an experimenter exhibit bias
experimenter can interpret effects in different ways and treat participants differently
What is internal validity?
extent to which a causal conclusion based on study is warranted.
what are the three levels of the validity scale that illustrate issues
faking good faking bad inconsistent index
what are common fallacies of common sense
false dilemma golden mean fallacy
What does the Stanford-Binet test measure?
five factors fluid reasoning: problem solving knowledge: education, home, environment quantitative reasoning: ability to solve problems visual spatial processing
what are the 5 scales of the Stanford Binet test
fluid reasoning knowledge (can be difficult to score) quantitative reasoning visual-spatial reasoning working memory
what was an emphasis at Todd's Retreat
focus on patient *strengths* rather than deficiencies
what was the York Retreat
founded by Tuke residential treatment center at which mentally ill were cared for with *kindness, dignity, and decency*
what did C. Spearman believed about inteligence
g was more important than s
how can good research help psychologist
generate new ideas improve existing ideas
how is multiculturalism emphasized by APA accreditation standards
graduate programs must emphasize multiculturalism for accreditation students and staff must be of a diverse background .must educate students about the role of culture in the science and practice of psychology
what occurs with overcommiting
having a low sense of control
why did Pignotti believe TFT worked
he cured himself twice
what is the issue with duty to warn
how credible is the client what about individuals having unprotected sex with HIV
what is racial centralization
how you tie in race into identity
what are the 2 approaches to a case study
idiographic approach: emphasize or reveal the unique qualities of each person nomothetic approach: determine similarities or common qualities among people
what makes multiple relationships unethical
if it impairs psychologist objectivity, competence, or effectiveness or harms the professional relationship in some way
what is an issue with treatment fidelity
if you know a patient could use a certain treatment, but you still have to maintain the control treatment
what does regression of the mean, mean
if you take extremes, they have a tendency to move toward average
what are two different exposure strategies to help with PTSD
imaginal exposure and in vivo exposure
what is bad about self-reported measures
impression management lack of insight lack of attention
are students required to treat homosexuals
in some states, no although some schools have expelled people for not kicking them out of school Julia Ward
what is the broad definition of culture
include any and all potentially salient ethnographic, demographic, status, or affiliated identity
how are samples selected for RCT
inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria: selection bias
outline the tripartile model of personal identification
individual (unique experience), group (individuals are like other individuals) and the demographic universe
what is integration
individuals adopt new culture and retain old
what does neuroticism mean
individuals suffer from a form of psychiatric symptom, such as anxiety or depression, and remain connected to reality
what is disclosed with informed consent in research
inform participants about aspects of the study, its purpose, procedure, and length of time, risk, and experimental design inform of therapy length, goals, and psychotherapy
what really is intelligence
intelligence is what is valued by society it is impacted by context
what 3 contextual things compose intelligence? define each
internal: anxiety, motivation, other symptoms external: environmental (dis)avantage culture: deference v. independence
what is the context evaluation of the Rorschach
is the client consistently responding that the images look like a particular category (e.g., people, animals, food, body parts)?
what is the form quality evaluation of the Rorschach
is the response easily identifiable in the actual image or is it distorted/unique
what is the popularity evaluation of the Rorschach
is this a common/frequent response?
why is it important that RCT groups only vary by the intervention
it allows for comparison
why is it important to recognize our own viewpoint
it allows us to decrease the harmful impact on others
what does the california psychological inventory measure
it focuses on satisfaction with life, love attitudes, heartland forgiveness, authentic happiness, general happiness, gratitude and values in action
does the MMPI considered validity
it includes a validity scale and is reliable. few people can outwit the validity scale
what is a mixed group design
it is a combo of between group and within group
What is the Stanford-Binet test?
it is an IQ test administered 1:1
who should the Stanford Binet scale be used for
it is best used with children
is it okay to refer patients when someone else can provide better care
it is ethically if someone will get better care, but not for demographic reasons
what makes a good personality test
it is objective, valid, and reliable
what is the cognitive approach to psychotherapy
it is the belief that negative thought patterns (about the self, other people, and the world) can lead to dysfunction or disconnect thoughts and interpretation can impact our mood and functioning
how is informed consent used
it is used in research, assesment, and therapy
what is emotional regulation used for
it is used to categorize PTSD
what is a benefit of the MMPI
it is valid and reliable people are scaled it is capable of detecting random responses or misleading responses
how does duty to warn fall under ethics and practice
it isn't under competence standards therapist don't have to be perfect
why should individuals not avoid trauma
it reinforces tendencies of avoidance avoidance will keep people safe, but not allow them to grow
during the 1700s, how was mental illness perceived? how were people cared for?
mental illness was the result of evil spirits people were kept in prison like institutions
what are some examples of confounding factors
more therapist exposure, age of therapist, location, interpersonal style
define exposure
negative emotions associated with the trauma
can the Rorschach inkblot method be used to diagnose disorders
no
do all states have the duty to warn
no
does the NEO have a validity measure
no
what are the forms of control groups
no treatment/ waitlist control a placebo treatment (meet with psych) alternative tratment
do all population have access to the same amount of resources
no, minority populations lack resources making treatment less accessible
is talking deeply good for all cultures
no. it won't necessarily make people of a certain culture happy
do all people receive evidence supported treatment
no. many people receive unsupported treatment
is there scientific evidence TFT works
none
can minors sign informed constent
nope
what is the experimental method
observation > hypothesis > empirical testing > interpretation
what are practice guidelines as it refers to methods of research
official statements that include recommendations intended to optimize patient care that are informed by a systematic review of evidence and an assessment of the benefits and harms of alternative care options
where should educational institutes for clinical psychologist be placed
on scientific principle, critical thinking, and application of knowledge, principles and methods
what is the three-stratum theory of intelligence
one single g, 8 broad factors beneit g, and 60 specific abilities benefit these broad factors compose our intelligence
what is the waitlist control group
one that is not receiving the intervention, but will receive the intervention after the experiment concludes if it proves to be effective
what is bad about doing online therapy session
online restricts interaction with patients
what 4 things influence ones culture
original culture 1. assimilation 2. separation 3. marginalization 4. integration
what is fluid intelligence
our ability to reason when faced with a problem problem solve
What is the etic perspective?
outsider's interpretation of the experiences of the culture emphasize similarities between all people
how is confidentiality applied to children
parents are entitled to be informed about hteir children's prgress in therapy
what is a randomized control trial
participants are assigned to different treatment conditions they only differ by the intervention
What is a quasi-experiment?
participants in a study are matches as closely as possible since not everything is controllable
how does the minnesota personality inventory operate
patients read self descriptive statements and label them true or false
how do people view psychology
people believe that daily life experiences is enough training in psychology people feel studying behavior is a pseudoscience since we are all unique psychology is thought of as one of the least important sciences
what was the theme of Talk Deeply, Be happy
people who spend more of their time having deep discussions and less time engaging in small talk seem to be happier
what factors influence diagnoses
perhaps: gender, culture
what is the california psychological inventory
personality test that emphasizes the positive attributes of personality
what are some claimed cures TFT has
phobias, panics, anxiety, depression, OCD, PTSD, jet lag, malaria, AIDS, blind, and mute
what is a common concern with the homeless substance abuse population
population is stigmatized for inflicting damage to oneselves
why did the UNited States begin using mental illness diagnosis
population statistics
what can assessment help to do in the long term
prescribe and lead to treatment planning
What population did Witmer interact with
primarily children
what is thematic apperception test
projective personality test clients create stories from images must describe what happened before and what after must the scene
what is the Rorschach inkblot test
projective personality test based on assumptions people project onto ambiguous stimuli
what is the Rotter Incomplete Sentences test
projective personality test where ambiguous sentences are completed by clients
why is test security important
protecting material is important so people don't game the system data can be released unless it may be misused or can harm clients
what are boundaries of competence:
provide services, teach and conduct research with population and in areas only within the boundaries of competences this is based on education, training, supervision, consultation, study, or professional experience
what is a consultation
providers seek peer expertise and knowledge for help
what was stated about the responsibility of psychologist for the duty to warn
psych need to warn police and possible victims of danger
what is social invention
psychologist are recognized for making disorders out of some aspect of human experience that had previously been considered normal
how did war shape clinical psychology
psychologist focused on treatment for shell shock/ PTSD there was a drive to help members of the armed service for their service
what is a boundary psychologist need to be aware of
psychologist need to be aware of the risk of multiple relationships
what are multiple relationships bad
psychologist should be neutral and impartial
what is purple hat therapy
purple hat: the "treatment", such as eye movement doesn't actually do anything. the active ingredient of intervention is something else, such as exposure therapy
what is the purpose of TAT
purpose is to examine an individual's responses to glean insights about that particular person
what are alternatives to RTCs
quasi-experiment analogue design correlation design case study
what is seperation
rejection of new culture
what are concerns with projective personality test
reliability and validity, they are not
what is a correlation method
research procedure used to determine the "co-relationship" between variables
what is a problem with case studies
results may not apply to similar cases
what are more ethical clinical practices
selecting tests appropriate for assessment select base on competence, client culture, language and age use reliable and valid scales
what are barriers to psychologist for overcoming public opinion
self help books public identity is associated with media personalities such as Dr. Phil hindsight bias, people think psych. knowledge is obvious the illusion of understanding: people feel psychology is easy Occam's razor people are bias toward evidence that supports their own belief many don't understand how psychological research is performed
what is something to consider when practicing in small communities
small communities: ethnic, religious, sexual orientation, military base, small college, etc address multiple relationships in session
what are some examples on how cultures assess intelligence
societies have different views of behaviors the US is individualistic
what is the purpose of applied research
solving real problems, developing new tools
what is the hierarchical model of intelligence
specific abilities are important, but related to general intellect
what is working memory
store, transform, and recall data in short term memory
What do clinical psychologists do?
study, assess, and treat people with psychological problems/ disorders
what is in vivo expsoure
target avoidance behaviors and thought suppression exposure to triggering experiences and target avoidance
What was the theme of McFalls manifesto
the Cardinal Principle: Scientific Clinical Psychology is the only legitimate and acceptable form of Clinical Psychology
What is crystallized intelligence?
the body if knowledge one has accumulated as a result of life experience
why are people convinced that unsubstantiated treatment works
the claims are not falsifiable people rely on anecdotal evidence regression of the mean
how does the MMPI measure personality
the clinical scale: the higher a client scores on a particular scale, the greater the likelihood that he or she demonstrates that form of psychopathy
why does the Flynn effect exist
the education system has improved expectations of education has improved healthcare has improved SES has improved
what is P. Pinel associated with
the emergence of *treatment planning and documentation* (case history, clinical notes, classification of illness)
What is external validity?
the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other people
what does it mean that a result is clinically significant
the intervention had a meaningful impact on functioning
provide an example of how culture influencing the clinical context
the parent-child relationship family structure influences culture
what is the reliable change index
the post core score was within 2 standard deviations of the mean score of the non-distressed group
what is family oriented psychotherapy
the premise is that mental illness is a symptom of a flawed family approach it strives to include family members as social support and or to reduce conflict in the home environment by working as a team
what is McFalls second Corollary
the primary and overriding objective of doctoral training programs in clinical psychology must be to produce the most competent clinical scientists
what is assessment
the process of gathering and integrating information about people's symptoms and their possible causes
What is efficacy
the success of a particular therapy in a controlled study
what is effectiveness
the success of a therapy in a clinical setting in which the clients problems span a wider range
what is psychotherapy
the use of psychology to improve people the dominant activity of clinical psychology became prominent after WWII
what does it mean when there are confounding variables in a study
there are factors that could explain the results of the study that are not directly measured or assessed in the study
what is Voice Technology
there are issues that arise from individual energy toxins
how does Callahan think TFT works
there are thought fields containing bioenergetic units called perturbations
what are some features of the Wechsler intelligence test
they are examined 1:1 with examinee-interviewer they have a: verbal comprehensive, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed index
what is a problem with the Wechsler test and stanford-binet test
they are not culturally fair they rely on verbal skills
what is a benefit of projective personality test
they are not fakable
what in a RCT is important about the control and treatment groups
they are randomly assigned
are harmless relationships truly harmless
they can be detrimental because they set a precedent for non professional behavior
why is it hard to test some treatment
they generally rely heavily on anecdotal evidence and explain away treatment failures
why are managed care networks bad for clinical psychologist
they may divide loyalty for the psychologist between the organization and the patient
what does it mean to be competent
to be capable, skilled, experienced, and an expert
what is the goal of assessment
to provide diagnostic clarity for clients
what is the purpose of a behavioral assessment
to understand the cause and consequence of behaviors
what categorizes someone as intellectually gifted
top 2.1% population IQ above 130
what is separation in terms of ethics
trainees are to use personal values when making profesional decrions
what is integration in terms of ethics
trainees hold personal values and the values of the profession
what are some unfounding assumptions of CISM
trauma exposure will lead to psychological issues need to intervene early to prevent the development of chronic post-traumatic stress issues
what does it mean for RCT to have treatment fidelity
treatment fidelity means there are instructions/ guidelines for clients the providers maintain the structured prescribed treatment to maintain another level of control
what is behavioral activation
try and get people to do things they enjoy or feel pride in
what is a culturally appropriate test to administer to everyone for intelligence
universal nonverbal intelligence test: requires no speaking it is objective measures spatial and symbolic memory
What is non-evidence based treatment for PTSD
unsubstantiated, untested, and otherwise questionable treatment and assessment methods nonexistent or science theoretical foundation raelyn testable
why should clinical psychologist not use untested treatment
unvalid remedy can be detrimental to patients and ultimately means proper treatment is being withheld
what is overpathologizing
viewing as abnormal that which is culturally normal
what are some of the ways psychologist treat PTSD
virtual reality and written exposure emotion regulation and mindfulness behavioral activation attentional bias modification
why do we predict with assessment
we predict the likely future functioning
what does an achievement test measure
what a client has accomplished with intellectual abilities
what is the determinants evaluation of the Rorschach
what characteristics are they attending to? The examiner must consider all of the possibilities that contribute to why an object that is reported actually looks like that to the subject.
what is boundary erosion
when a boundary is crossed and the barrier between professional and professional becomes nonexistent
what is a cargo cult science
when an individual pretends to perform science while not following the scientific method
what is an issue with access to providers in minority populations
when people of color reach out to providers, they are less likely to get a called back
what are the 8 steps of ethical decision making
1. prior to any ethical dilemma arising, make a commitment to doing what is ethically appropriate 2. follow APA ethical code 3. consult any laws for guidelines 4. understand the perspective of various parties 5. generate and evaluate alternatives 6. select ethical action 7. monitor consequences of actions 8. modify actions as needed
who developed TFT
Callahaun
what is the good and bad of the Rorschach
Good: difficult to fake Bad: not reliable or valid
what is the current standardized IQ test for children
Stanford-Binet Intelligence scale
the DSM identifies Trans individuals with gender identity disorder/ gender disphoria. is this a good thing
being it is medical means insurance will help pay
what is assimilation
individuals adopt new culture and abandon old culture
what are two things psychologies assess
intelligence and personality
what was L. Thurstone's beliefs of intellligence
intelligence is many things
what did L. Thurstone believed about intelligence
intelligence is multiple things
what was C. Spearman's beliefs of intelligence
intelligence is one thing, g a single factor underlies all aspects of intelligence
what is an impact of cultural competency
it leads to better relationships and patient outcomes
what is the appropriate control group
one that doesn't receive the treatment and matches the treatment group
why do psychologist ignore skepticism
psychologist traditionally have felt it lacks merit
what are the good aspects of self-reported measures
quick, easy to administer, inexpensive
what is the gold standard for experiments in psychology
randomized clinical trials
where do clinical psychologist consult
school: assist with learning disabilities families: adoption/ fertility law: insanity pleas
what is an issue with only using evidence based practive
science doesn't know all the answers
what is imagination exposure
target reexperiencing symptoms (when you have flashbacks have clients imagine the experience and target the thought
do assessments include culture
the MMPI consider culture
what is important to remember about psychologist relationships
the therapist hold all the power clients, not the therapist, should be the principle concern
what is the purpose of focusing on traumatic events
trying to teach individuals to grow outside of combat
what is cultural compentence
understanding of factors associated with age, gender, sexuali orenation, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, language, or SES
what is cultural self-awareness
understanding one's personal viewpoint; values, assumptions, and biases *recognize that differences between people are not necessarily deficiencies
what is evidence based assessment
use methods that have strong reliability, validity, and utility
what is a false dilemma
when people believe there are only 2 options
does the DSM consider culture
yes DSM provides general guidance for clinicians to help with overall cultural competence
can confidentiality ever be broken
yes, confidentiality can be broken
why is it good to understand skepticism
you have to understand the enemy to overcome the enemy via education
what are the general principles of ethics? what are the ethical standards
1. aspirational 2. enforceable
what pattern of treatment do people see in case studies and within group design
ABAB design treatment: alternately applied and removed
what is the purpose of basic research
Basic research helps us understand fundamental principles
what is Cognitive Restructuring
Cognitive shifts, including increased flexibility of thinking, distress tolerance and cognitive restructuring, may be more important that habituation or symptom reduction.
what are the advantages of RCTs
Decreased population bias (randomization) High internal validity Can be combined in meta-analyses Strong statistical analysis methods Manipulation/control of variables
who believed we had a general intelligence and who believed that we have independent intelligence
EL Thorndike: possess separate, independent intelligence C Spearman: general intelligence, Gq
what are the 2 objective personality test
MMPI NEO
what was the finding from Pignetti's experiment
TFT was as effective as the random TFT logarithm
Who was the pioneer of caring treatment and what did he found
W. Tuke He opened York REtreat, a residential treatment center where the mentally ill would be cared for with kindness, dignity, and decency
what is the relationship between internal and external validity
as one increases, the other decreases
what are the two domains of the APA code of ethics
aspirational and enforceable
what does fidelity mean
faithfulness, trust
what is marginalization
individuals reject old and new culture
do chinese individuals tend to consume more or less mental health care
less
what is validity
measure of what its suppose to measure
how is IQ determined in the Stanford Binet scale
mental age/ chronological age = IQ
is the MMPI valid for all americans
most the sample was diverse and included non-clinical persons
Can LGBTQ youth consent to gender change (with hormones/ procedures)
no
what do clinical psychologist do
research practice educate assess
can psychologist discriminate
section 3.01 of the ethics code says they cannot section 2.01b says they can refer out
what are some issues with structural racism identified in the panel
services differ for problems associated with black populations
what are some behaviors that would not be ethically appropriate for a psychologist
sex with a client (current or former) socializing with current clients disclosure of confidential information
what are some ethical behaviors of psychologist
shaking hands with clinets, addressing clients by their first name, and breaking confidentiality for suicidal/ homicidal thoughts
where was the first psychology clinic
the University of Pennsylvania
what is the scapegoat for TFT when it fails to cure someone
the toxin causing the issue is present in the environment
what is assimilation in terms of ethics
trainees rely mostly on the values set by the profession
