Understanding Voice and Data Networks
Which VLAN tagging standard header does IEEE 802.1p modify to identify Ethernet frame priority?
802.1Q
Which of the following specifications provides a standard definition of Ethernet VLANs?
802.1Q
What makes a crossover cable different from a patch cord?
A crossover cable uses the 568A pattern on one jack, and the 568B pattern on the other. A patch cord uses the same pinout pattern on both jacks.
Which of the following best represents a hub?
A repeater
Which application is associated with the well-known port number 53?
Domain Name Server (DNS)
Which DHCP network address allocation mechanism assigns a host a temporary IP address?
Dynamic
In large networks, how do most routers get their routing tables?
Each router automatically builds and maintains its own routing table
What is the main advantage of star topology?
Ease of management
What voice issue is a normal occurrence on the PSTN and other voice networks, and occurs as a result of network delay and the two- to four-wire conversion process?
Echo
Which of the following is not considered a QoS parameter?
Flows
Which of the following is a connection-oriented packet-switched network service that works at the Data Link Layer?
Frame relay
The Network Layer is to packets as the Data Link Layer is to:
Frames
What term describes the number of wave crests that pass a fixed point during a particular period of time?
Frequency
The H.323 component that provides such capabilities as billing, authentication, and accounting is a(n) _____.
Gatekeeper
________ is an application that manages Internet resources and transmits them in response to requests from Web browsers.
HTTP server
In data networking, this term is defined as "Signals may flow in either direction, but not simultaneously".
Half-duplex
MGCP is also known as what type of protocol?
Master/slave
Which of the following requires a laser transmitter?
Single-mode fiber
Which of the following are the two primary types of light sources in fiber optic cables?
Laser diode and LED
Which choice describes the time it takes for a packet to move through a network?
Latency
At what OSI model layer does DiffServ operate?
Layer 3
What does the service code 411 represent?
Local Directory Assistance
Which of the following is another name for a CO?
Local exchange
The physical connection that links an individual telephone to the telephone company CO switch is referred to as a:
Local loop
Which of the following best describes the copper cabling that connects many homes and businesses to the nearest CO?
Local loops
A NIC is a device used for:
signaling
What happens when a router forwards data packets from one network to another network?
(wrong answer) The router inspects the packet header, then builds a new Ethernet frame around the old frame and transmits the frame onto the Ethernet network.
Which DSCP bits can administrators use to define custom DiffServ packet PHBs?
3-5
How large is the IP version 4 address field?
32 bits
The DiffServ DSCP specifies that how many bits in the modi- fied IP ToS field are used to designate the packet's PHB?
6
Admission control protocols, authentication mechanisms, and _______ are three ways communication networks provide admission control.
Access Control Lists (ACLs)
What do bridges require that hubs and repeaters do not?
Address tables
Which of the following protocols is commonly used in the Session Layer?
Advanced Program-to-Program Communications (APPC)
Which activities occur at the Application Layer?
All of the above File transfer and access email Web browser
The OSI model Presentation Layer does which of the following?
All of the above Manages the way computers read information Encrypts and decrypts information Is concerned with the order of bytes and integers
The Session Layer is concerned with which of the following?
All of the above Managing dialog Beginning dialog Ending dialog
The header of an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) message includes a Type field. The number in this field represents a message type as well as the format of a packet. What does the type field "14" represent?
Timestamp Reply
Each wire of a local loop is sometimes referred to as:
Tip and Ring
What is the purpose of bandpass filtering on a POTS line?
To remove high-frequency noise
Bridges are needed in which of the following situations?
Too much traffic on the LAN Remote connection of two LANs over a WAN link Broadcast storms All of the above Incorrect a. and b. only - answer
Which of the following commands shows the path between source and destination in a TCP/IP network?
Tracert
Which of the following troubleshooting tools tells you the distance, in hops, to the destination computer?
Tracert
Segmenting traffic between different portions of a single LAN is referred to as:
Traffic isolation
Which of the following is an example of a Transport Layer protocol?
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Which of the following is the primary purpose of a Physical Layer protocol?
Transmit bits across a physical link
Which of the following is the primary purpose of a Data Link Layer protocol?
Transmit frames across a physical link
Which of the following is the primary purpose of a Transport Layer protocol?
Transmit messages from process to process
The two primary classifications of bridges are:
Transparent and source route
Which layer uses port numbers for communication?
Transport Layer
____ is a simple file transfer protocol used to transport data packets over UDP.
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
A frame relay network uses fewer lines to connect 10 locations than a T1 mesh, and is therefore more cost effective. True or False?
True
Collisions are normal on CSMA/CD LANs and not usually the result of errors. True or False?
True
Frame headers and packet headers contain addresses. True or False?
True
The primary purpose of a device driver is to control hardware under the supervision of the OS. True or False?
True
The connection between switching systems is referred to as a:
Trunk
Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) is most like which of the following?
An informal conversation in which each person speaks when the opportunity presents itself, but only one person speaks at any time
Which of the following devices isolate traffic in an Ethernet network?
Bridge Switch Router All of the above
Which of the following network topologies connects devices to a shared straight-line cable?
Bus topology
Bridges and Layer 2 switches filter traffic in which way?
By evaluating the destination MAC address in each frame and switching each frame to the port that leads to the destination frame address
M6L5 When a CO switch provides a business telephone switching services, it is referred to as:
Centrex
Central offices are connected to which of the following:
Class 4 offices Other central offices Individual subscribers All of the above -
Which class of Internet address provides the fewest network numbers, but the greatest number of hosts per network?
Class A
Three of the following terms mean the same thing. Which of the following terms does not mean the same as the others?
Common Channel Signaling
Which two are sources of H.323 network voice transmission delays? (Choose two.)
Compression delay - DSP delay - MOS delay Call setup delay
Which of the following scenarios requires a gateway?
Connecting an IP network to an AppleTalk network
WANs are shifting away from switched services and increasingly using dedicated network services. True or False?
False
Which of the following cable types can transmit data farthest?
Fiber optic
Forwarding, Learning, and _______ are three important functions provided by a bridge.
Filtering
An MG consists of which two components? (Choose two.)
Controllers Call agents Endpoints - Connections -
Performance will likely increase in an Ethernet network when which of the following occurs?
Hubs are replaced by switches.
Static routing and dynamic routing are two out of three different types of indirect routing. What is the third type?
Default routing
What Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) is designed to support large, densely populated multicast groups?
Dense Mode (DM)
The CD in CSMA/CD refers to the ability of an Ethernet node to do which of the following?
Detect frame collisions
Which of the following SIP functions is defined as "SIP determines if an endpoint is available and willing to participate in a call"?
Determining endpoint availability
The modified IP header ToS byte supports which QoS mechanism?
DiffServ
What Fast Ethernet standard can send Ethernet frames at 100 Mbps over Category 5E UTP or fiber optic cabling?
IEEE 802.3u
You need to reconfigure a Linux server to change the address of its default gateway. What tool should you use?
IFconfig
Which of the following is an example of a Network Layer protocol?
IP
Which of the following are kept in a computer's Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache?
IP address and MAC address
M8L1 What should you use to inspect the IP address of a Windows operating system PC?
IPconfig
Which of the following shows the IP address assigned to a PC running Windows XP / 7?
IPconfig
The main reason for the creation of IP version 6 is:
IPv4 does not provide enough unique addresses
What is the second step when troubleshooting a network?
Identify the affected area
Which two solutions might we use to address jitter problems in a VoIP network? (Choose two.)
Implement forward error correction Install devices that provide jitter buffers Correct! Prioritize network voice traffic Correct! Implement advanced compression schemes
When a repeater receives a bit pattern at its input, what does it do?
It generates the same pattern at its output, at a higher power level
Which solution is more economical than using regular long distance service and enables companies to route telephone call over their data network?
Packet telephony
Transport layer processes work with transmission channels using multiplexing and ___________ techniques.
Parallelization
What type of routing allows network administrators to specify additional information sources for the routing table and network model?
Policy-based
In data networking, ________ describes the characteristics of a transmission link, such as throughput, setup time, or accuracy.
Quality of service (QoS)
What three basic functions does a telephone switch do when it processes calls?
Signaling, routing, and switching
The feature of a PBX system that creates a log of all incoming and outgoing calls is called?
Station Message Detail Recording (SMDR)
________ allows network administrators to break up a single network address into smaller network addresses, creating router-connected network segments, all with their own unique network address space.
Subnetting
Which device cannot solely break up LAN broadcast traffic? If large workgroups present broadcast containment issues, consider VLANs designed as separate routed subnets.
Switch
What is the main difference between a standard switch and a bridge?
Switches effectively multiply the network's bandwidth
What enables the transport of computer data over analog telephone local loops?
Telephone modems.
What is the Signaling System 7 (SS7) protocol used for?
Telephone network control signaling
When light travels through a fiber-optic cable, the change in refractive index causes the light to refract off which of the following?
The boundary between the core and the cladding
What is the main advantage of using balanced signaling on a serial cable?
The cable can be longer because balanced signaling is less vulnerable to interference.
What is happening in step 8 of the SS7-VoIP Gateway Call Progress?
The destination SSP rings the destination subscriber telephone set
Which of the following cable types uses a T-connector to connect each NIC to the cable?
Thinnet
Which of the following would not be used in a typical star topology?
Thinnet
A dedicated CO circuit that links two points is referred to as a:
Tie Line
In what part of a building would you typically find punch-down blocks?
Wiring closet
Can switches switch two frames simultaneously?
Yes
Why is ATM better for multimedia?
all of the above All cells are the same size. Cells are small. ATM runs over fast fiber optics.
ATM requires fiber media to run. True or False?
False
Which of the following describes the bandwidth of a single FT1?
64 Kbps
How much bandwidth in a T1 circuit is allocated for control information?
8 Kbps.
How are bits represented on fiber optic cable?
Pulses (on/off) of light
Which ISDN protocol allows us to pass signaling between networked PBXs?
QSIG
Hubs and repeaters operate at which layer of the OSI model?
Physical Layer
After entering "arp" into the MS-DOS command line, which of the following switches would display the ARP cache?
-a or -g
In a Class A Internet address, which of the following network numbers are reserved? (Choose all that apply)
0 - 172 127 - 168
How many 802.1p header bits identify the frame's priority, and how many frame classes does the standard define?
3, 8
What is the binary equivalent to the decimal number "14"?
0000 1001 wrong answer
Which of the following is a Class C IP address?
10.1.23.46 (wrong answer)
According to 10BaseT wiring rules, what is the maximum segment length without a repeater?
100 m
Which of the following is also called "Thicknet" or "yellow wire" and includes two layers of foil shielding as well as an additional copper mesh shield?
10Base5 cable
Ethernet operates at all speeds except which of the following?
16 Kbps
How many unique addresses are supported by IP version 6?
2128
How many wire pairs can be terminated on a 66 block?
25 or 50
The default PCM voice digitization rate is ____________.
64 Kbps
21. Which tagging method supports thousands of VLANs?
802.1Q
What is a broadcast frame?
A frame addressed to "all nodes"
Which of the following is implemented over a public telecommunication switching system, such as a frame relay cloud?
A public network
At which points in a one-way, multiple hop, end-to-end IP communications session will a frame have to be built? (Choose two.)
At the receiving host's LAN port At each hop's router outbound port Correct! At the sending host's LAN port Correct! At each hop's router inbound port
Which of the following is defined as a loss in signal amplitude, or strength, that occurs as a signal passes through a transmission medium and interconnecting devices?
Attenuation
Which connector type is used with Thinnet coaxial cable?
BNC
What method, in SIP terminology, is defined as a message that terminates a session by either endpoint?
BYE
Which is a network management and utility software that is typically used by network administrators and information systems personnel when the network is unused or lightly used, often in the middle of the night?
Backup and recovery utilities.
What is the key reason that smart LAN administrators demand well-made cable connections?
Bad cable connections degrade a network's performance.
Which choices are TCP features? (Choose three.)
Best effort packet delivery Flow control - Packet error recovery - Demultiplexing multiple applications -
The SS7 ISUP protocol provides what services? (Choose two.)
Call control signaling to support ISDN multimedia services- Call control over point-to-point links Protocols to connect calls over the PSTN - Non-call control-related database queries
Which of the following is the unit of data transferred by an ATM network?
Cell
To resolve FQDNs to binary IP addresses, resolvers contact which type of TCP/IP application server?
DNS
When two tones are used to signal switching equipment it is called:
DTMF
Which layer of the OSI protocol stack handles frames?
Data Link
At which OSI layer do bridges operate?
Data Link Layer
At which OSI layer do switches reside?
Data Link Layer
Which of the following best represents a logical address?
Data Link address wrong answer
Data security, data compression, and ________ are the three main services that the Presentation Layer provides.
Data representation
A Ping command uses which ICMP message types? (Choose two.)
Echo Request - Correct Response Source quench Redirect Echo Reply -
A Class 5 office connects individual subscribers to the telephone network and is also referred to as:
End Office Central Office Local Office All of the above -
Scenario: As you are connecting the office computers, you use one patch cord to connect each patch panel port to a hub port, and another patch cord to connect each work area port to a PC. You power up all the PCs and look at the hub port status indicators. All but one port shows green. What is the first troubleshooting step you should take?
Establish the symptoms
What is the first step in troubleshooting a network?
Establish the symptoms
The IEEE 802.3 standard defines which of the following?
Ethernet
Which of the following is the most popular LAN Data Link Layer technology?
Ethernet
Which of the following troubleshooting tools is not part of a standard TCP/IP implementation?
Event Viewer
Which of the following applications use UDP services? (Choose three.)
FTP TFTP - SNMP - DNS -
A line that goes from a customer's site through a CO to a remote CO in another part of the country is known as a:
FX line
What does I/O stand for?
Input / Output
A sound card is what general type of computer component?
Input/output
Which of the following, within the TCP/IP model layers, delivers packets to their destination across multiple networks, as does the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model Network Layer?
Internetwork Layer
What is a private, internal network that uses Internet applications, tools, and protocols?
Intranet
Which of the following is a Microsoft Windows utility that displays a computer's IP addressing and connectivity settings?
Ipconfig
Which statement best describes ISDN DSS1?
It controls signaling between the customer and the CO.
Which Quality of Service (QoS) parameter is defined as a variable delay that is measured in a number of ways, such as a percentage of the maximum network delay (+/- 10 percent), or as a variation above or below the average network delay (+/- 10 ms of the average network delay over a period of time)?
Jitter
Which term describes the variability of delay a packet experiences as it travels between network devices?
Jitter
The device that provides multiple telephone extensions access to a group of single telephone lines is a:
Key system
Which of the following is managed by the OS?
Keyboard input Screen display File I/O Peripheral control
Analog signals on copper cable can be distorted by:
Magnetic fields Alternating current fields Radio waves All of the above -
This unique ID number is coordinated by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and is used by only one network interface card anywhere in the world.
Media access control address (MAC)
Which of the following is most typical of a broadband network?
Multiple analog channels
Which of the following hardware devices builds a frame?
NIC
Which type of address is unique anywhere in the world?
NIC address
Which two TCP/IP tools can you use to force a workstation to renew its DHCP lease? (Choose two.)
Netstat Incorrect Nbtstat Incorrect Winipcfg Correct Response IPconfig Correct Response
At which OSI layer do routers operate?
Network Layer
The Transport Layer is not concerned with which of the following?
None of the above Addressing Connection management Flow control Buffering
According to the North American Numbering Plan (NANP), what does the "803" in 803-550-0000 represent?
Number Plan Area
When signaling takes place over a separate path than the path the analog voice signal takes it is referred to as:
Out-of-band signaling
nu10of12 Which of the following acronyms is defined as a forwarding behavior a node applies to a packet based on the packet's condition? The packet's Differentiated Services Code Points (DSCP) indicates the particular _____ a packet should receive as it passes from hop to hop.
PHB
Which QoS parameter might most concern us considering the Internet's "best effort" delivery nature?
Packet loss
QSIG supports which of the following ISDN supplementary services? (Choose three.)
Packet switching Call transfer Correct! Calling party identification Correct! Generic functions Correct!
Which of the following is not a layer of the TCP/IP protocol stack?
Physical Layer
Which MS-DOS command-line utility is the quickest and easiest way to evaluate whether a computer is up and running, and attached to a TCP/IP network?
Ping
Which of the following confirms connectivity between hosts?
Ping
Tracert uses which of the following commands and IP fields to carry out its operation?
Ping and TTL
Which protocol has a header of 5 bytes and a trailer of 3 bytes?
Point-to-Point Protocol
What components are common to all computer systems? (Check all that apply.)
Processor Memory Storage I/O
Which of the following is a function of hubs and repeaters?
Provide for cable extension Repeat digital signals Interconnect different cable types All of the above
Which of the following does a CO DACS provide?
Provides a semi-permanent path for voice and data signals
Zones maintain domain name information in which record types?
RRs
What are Subscriber Line Carrier (SLC) circuits used for?
Reduce the number of physical wire pairs
Which of the following are two types of domain names?
Relative name and fully qualified domain name (FQDN)
Which of the following will not occur at the Physical Layer?
Rerouting of information
Which of the following network topologies forms a closed loop?
Ring topology
Which of the following WAN services usually provides the highest bandwidth?
SONET
The digital network used to create the route a call will take is referred to as:
SS7
Encapsulation and protocol headers, decapsulation, and reassembly are three of the four basic techniques used whenever different layers of protocols work together. What is the fourth?
Segmentation
Scenario: You have finally identified the affected area and, as you proceed to the next step, you realize that since this is a new installation, there is no previous time that is known when everything worked. The installation itself is the only "change" and the third troubleshooting step. What step is next?
Select the most probable cause
The CS in CSMA/CD refers to the ability of an Ethernet node to do which of the following?
Sense an electrical signal
Which SS7 network component stores customer information in databases?
Signaling Control Point
Which of the following is defined as a set of device-to-device paths through the network such that there is one, and only one, path between any two devices?
Spanning Tree Protocol
An Ethernet LAN that uses UTP cabling and a hub as the physical medium is referred to as which of the following?
Star
What device is required to attach a non-ISDN device to an ISDN network?
Terminal adaptor (TA)
Which ITU-T H.323 packet multimedia standards component is used for real-time bi-directional multimedia communications, and can either be a PC or a stand-alone device running an H.323 protocol stack and the desired multimedia applications?
Terminals
In the IP address 128.18.72.24:80, what does the number 80 represent?
The TCP or UDP port number
Which best describes IP's use of the TTL value?
The TTL specifies the time a datagram is allowed to remain on the network.
Which layers are primarily concerned with moving raw data?
The lower four
If a network contains an active loop, what problem can occur?
The network becomes congested with duplicate frames
Two CPUs have the same size data bus. Which one will process data faster?
The one with a higher clock speed
How does DHCP pass configuration information to TCP/IP hosts?
The option codes
Which OSI model layers are concerned primarily with applications?
The top three
An Application Layer utility transmits network administration and control messages between nodes. It must not use any more of the network's bandwidth than absolutely necessary. If messages are corrupted or lost, the utility handles retransmission, so it doesn't need this service from the lower layers. This application should use the services of:
UDP
Which best describes the UDP demultiplexing process?
UDP uses port numbers to allow multiple applications to communicate simultaneously on the same host.
An Application Layer process needs to transmit data with as little overhead as possible. The application protocol provides error detection and recovery if the data is lost. What Transport Layer protocol should this process use?
User Datagram Protocol
You suspect that a crossover cable has been installed instead of a patch cable. What can you use to identify the cable? (Choose two.)
Visual inspection of both connectors - Tone generator/probe Media tester/certifier - Time delay reflectometer
Curiosity, malice, and toll fraud are a few types of security problems that this service is vulnerable to?
Voice mail
What is the most important troubleshooting question?
What has changed?
At what point does end-to-end delay in a voice conversation become unacceptable?
When it approaches 500 ms
M1L5 When is UTP cable preferred over STP?
When there is little electrical interference
Which of the following is the primary difference between a public and private network?
Who owns and maintains the network
