Unit 1: Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide
Transverse Plane
Cuts the body in half (Front & back)
Deep
Farther from the surface
Anatomy
Structure of body
Positive Feedback (definition & Example)
body working in a positive way wanting to reproduce more EX: breastfeeding
Negative Feedback (definition & Example)
body working to get back into a steady point EX:sweating on a hot or warm day
Cranial
brain
Dorsal
brain spinal cord
Superficial
cut close to the surface
Sagittal Plane
cuts the body in half ( top & bottom)
Frontal Plane
cuts the body in half (Front & back)
Tissue
distinct material in which plants and animals are made (second smallest structural and functional unit of an organism)
Thoracic
esophagus lungs heart
Lateral
farther from the middle
Distal
farther from the point of attachment
Skeletal System
framework of the body including bones and other tissues includes: bones, ligaments, cartilage
Physiology
function of the body
Organ system
group or organs working together (fourth)
Posterior (Dorsal) direction
in the back
Anterior (Ventral) direction
in the front
Integument System
includes hair skin and nails Def: organ system that protects the body from various kinds of damage EX: lose of water or abrasion from outside
Organism
individual animal plant or single-celled life form
Abdominal
kidneys intestines bladder
Ventral
lungs
Superior
on top
Organ
part of an organism that is typically self-contained (third)
Muscular System
provide movement includes : cardiac muscle, skeletal, smooth
Spinal
spinal cord, intestines, stomach
Digestive system
system by which indigested food is acted upon by physical and chemical means to provide the body with nutrients includes esophagus, stomach, intestines
Cardiovascular System
system that circulates blood and lymph through the body includes blood vessels and veins
Respiratory system
system that helps you breath in oxygen and out C02 includes lungs and airways like nose and mouth
Immune system
system that protects the body from foreign substances includes bone marrow
Endocrine System
system used to regulate cells and organs includes hypothalamus and thyroid
Homeostasis
the bodys ability to maintain a stable internal environment
Nervous System
the network nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the bpdy
Cell
the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism
Urinary System
to remove liquid waste in the form of a liquid includes kidneys bladder and urethra
Inferior
towards the bottom
Medial
towards the middle
Proximal
towards the point of attachment
Pelvic
urinary bladder reproductive organs
Explain what happened to Zyrees body after he drank 4 gallons of water/ Gatorade? How does this relate to homeostasis
1. Diluting the amount of sodium in your body 2. Cells in brain are expanding/ lysing 3. Other body cells swelling/ lysing 4. Body is trying to get rid of the extra water by vomiting 5. Hyponatremia= too much water in the body 6. Homeostasis the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment - the water & sodium ration in body was not balanced - this caused cells to lyse which caused tissues not to work - organs shut down -organ systems shut down -death
