Unit 1 psychology review
inferred causation from correlation
A survey shows that children who have encyclopedias in their homes earn better grades in school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researcher concludes that having encyclopedias at home improves grades. This conclusion is erroneous primarily because the researcher has incorrectly
gestalt psychology
The claim that a whole is different from the sum of its parts is central to which of the following schools of thought
appear fertile
A basic assumption underlying the evolutionary approach to sexual attraction is that men seek potential mates who
a case study
A person displays a set of rare behaviors that psychologists has not known about previously, because nobody had ever shown them before. The best strategy to investigate the nature of those behaviors is
use a representative sample
A research group involved with advertising is conducting a study to investigate whether shoppers are more likely to engage in impulse buying at the checkout than at any other place in the store. For the results of the study to be generalizable, the researchers should
Incidence of aggressive behavior
A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. What is the dependent variable in this study?
Type of television program viewed
A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. What is the independent variable in this study?
conscious experience
According to Wilhelm Wundt, the focus of scientific psychology should be the study of
effectiveness of management training
An industrial-organizational psychologist would be most likely to study the
the acquisition of knowledge, planning, and problem solving
Cognitive psychologists are most likely to study
documenting the poor conditions of mental asylums, which eventually led to their reform
Dorothea Dix was known for
representative of the population
In order to yield information that is generalizable to the population from which it was drawn, a sample must be
Self-examination of mental processes
Introspection, a research tool used by early psychologists, is a technique which involves
they want to be able to replicate the experiment
It is important for researchers to use precise operational definitions when
behaviorism
John B. Watson is best known as the founder of
did not take into account internal thoughts and feelings
One major objection to the early Skinnerian approach to psychology is that it
psychodynamic
The notion that human behavior is greatly influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which of the following psychological approaches
the sample is not randomly chosen and therefore may not be a representative sample
The results of a correlational study involving student volunteers in a psychology laboratory might not apply to the general population because
Structuralism, psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism
What is the correct chronological order of the following perspectives of psychology, from past to present?
random assignment
Which of the following is used to reduce the effects of confounding variables in experiments
humanistic
Which of the following perspectives argues that every person has the potential to become self-actualized
John Watson
Which of the following psychologists would have been likely to say, "I do not care about the unconscious or hidden motives - I want to study behavior directly"?
experimental
Which of the following research approaches would be best for testing the hypothesis that the presence of certain odors causes people to gamble more
experimental
a psychologist designed a study to test the effects of cell phone use on driving safety. Participants were randomly assigned either to drive an automobile simulator while talking to a friend on the phone or to drive the simulator without talking on a phone. Which type of research does the scenario describe
an operational definition
a research team wanted to measure how attractive Chris thought Pat was. The researchers measured how long Chris spent looking at Pat as an indicator of how attractive Chris found Pat to be. This measurement constituted
a survey
a schools activities committee is planning for the upcoming school year. Which of the following research methods will best help measure student opinions on a variety of activities
each person in the town has the same probability of being chosen for the study
drawing a random sample of people from a town for an interview study of social attitudes ensures that
Sigmund Freud
psychodynamic therapy has its roots in the theories of
difference not likely due to chance
in experimental psychology, a significant difference refers to a
naturalistic observation
margaret is beginning to plan a research project for her psychology class. She wants to examine whether there is a difference between boys and girls in terms of the frequency with which they throw away their trash in the school cafeteria after they have finished eating lunch. Which of the following methodologies would most accurately measure the behavior of interest in Margarets study
An illusory correlation is best defined as a
perceived relationship where one does not exist
because of ethical concerns, participants could not be randomly assigned to groups
researchers are interested in whether a nutritionally poor diet during pregnancy increases the likelihood of birth defects. Which of the following most accurately explains why a correlational research design is the best option of investigating this question
scatterplot
the correlation between two measures obtained on a group of individuals is graphically represented as a
