Unit 1 psychology review

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inferred causation from correlation

A survey shows that children who have encyclopedias in their homes earn better grades in school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researcher concludes that having encyclopedias at home improves grades. This conclusion is erroneous primarily because the researcher has incorrectly

gestalt psychology

The claim that a whole is different from the sum of its parts is central to which of the following schools of thought

appear fertile

A basic assumption underlying the evolutionary approach to sexual attraction is that men seek potential mates who

a case study

A person displays a set of rare behaviors that psychologists has not known about previously, because nobody had ever shown them before. The best strategy to investigate the nature of those behaviors is

use a representative sample

A research group involved with advertising is conducting a study to investigate whether shoppers are more likely to engage in impulse buying at the checkout than at any other place in the store. For the results of the study to be generalizable, the researchers should

Incidence of aggressive behavior

A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. What is the dependent variable in this study?

Type of television program viewed

A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. What is the independent variable in this study?

conscious experience

According to Wilhelm Wundt, the focus of scientific psychology should be the study of

effectiveness of management training

An industrial-organizational psychologist would be most likely to study the

the acquisition of knowledge, planning, and problem solving

Cognitive psychologists are most likely to study

documenting the poor conditions of mental asylums, which eventually led to their reform

Dorothea Dix was known for

representative of the population

In order to yield information that is generalizable to the population from which it was drawn, a sample must be

Self-examination of mental processes

Introspection, a research tool used by early psychologists, is a technique which involves

they want to be able to replicate the experiment

It is important for researchers to use precise operational definitions when

behaviorism

John B. Watson is best known as the founder of

did not take into account internal thoughts and feelings

One major objection to the early Skinnerian approach to psychology is that it

psychodynamic

The notion that human behavior is greatly influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires is most consistent with which of the following psychological approaches

the sample is not randomly chosen and therefore may not be a representative sample

The results of a correlational study involving student volunteers in a psychology laboratory might not apply to the general population because

Structuralism, psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism

What is the correct chronological order of the following perspectives of psychology, from past to present?

random assignment

Which of the following is used to reduce the effects of confounding variables in experiments

humanistic

Which of the following perspectives argues that every person has the potential to become self-actualized

John Watson

Which of the following psychologists would have been likely to say, "I do not care about the unconscious or hidden motives - I want to study behavior directly"?

experimental

Which of the following research approaches would be best for testing the hypothesis that the presence of certain odors causes people to gamble more

experimental

a psychologist designed a study to test the effects of cell phone use on driving safety. Participants were randomly assigned either to drive an automobile simulator while talking to a friend on the phone or to drive the simulator without talking on a phone. Which type of research does the scenario describe

an operational definition

a research team wanted to measure how attractive Chris thought Pat was. The researchers measured how long Chris spent looking at Pat as an indicator of how attractive Chris found Pat to be. This measurement constituted

a survey

a schools activities committee is planning for the upcoming school year. Which of the following research methods will best help measure student opinions on a variety of activities

each person in the town has the same probability of being chosen for the study

drawing a random sample of people from a town for an interview study of social attitudes ensures that

Sigmund Freud

psychodynamic therapy has its roots in the theories of

difference not likely due to chance

in experimental psychology, a significant difference refers to a

naturalistic observation

margaret is beginning to plan a research project for her psychology class. She wants to examine whether there is a difference between boys and girls in terms of the frequency with which they throw away their trash in the school cafeteria after they have finished eating lunch. Which of the following methodologies would most accurately measure the behavior of interest in Margarets study

An illusory correlation is best defined as a

perceived relationship where one does not exist

because of ethical concerns, participants could not be randomly assigned to groups

researchers are interested in whether a nutritionally poor diet during pregnancy increases the likelihood of birth defects. Which of the following most accurately explains why a correlational research design is the best option of investigating this question

scatterplot

the correlation between two measures obtained on a group of individuals is graphically represented as a


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