Unit 2 Benchmark Study Guide-Answered

the pharaoh who later changed his name to Akhenaten

Amenhotep IV

a people known for using terror as an instrument of warfare

Assyrians

site of the Hanging Gardens

Babylon

How did the Hyksos conquered Egypt' Middle Kingdom.

Chariots

Which leader of the Persian empire expanded it into the largest empire the world had yet seen?

Darius

king who extended the Persian Empire to India

Darius

Which Egyptian time period experienced a golden age of stability and expansion?

Egypt experienced a golden age of stability and expansion.

Describe a patriarchal society.

Father is in charge of everything

What is most unusual about the pharaoh Hatshepsut?

Hatshepsut was a woman.

What military strategy did Hammurabi use to conquer lands and create his new Mesopotamian kingdom?

He armed and trained his soldiers well, then used his armies to divide his opponents and defeat them one at a time.

a distinct group organized in tribes that established the religion of Judaism, which later influenced both Christianity and Islam.

Israelites

Why did the kingdom of Kush become such a successful trading empire?

It was rich in natural resources, such as iron, and was located where an important route through the desert crossed the Nile.

a city in Kush

Meroë

What was the impact of Amenhotep IV's religious reform?

Monotheism in Egypt

The empire that Sargon established was continued by his grandson ____ but fell less than 100 years after his grandson's death.

Naram-Sin.

The king of the Chaldeans who rebuilt Babylon was

Nebuchadnezzar II

the Chaldean king who restored Babylon to glory

Nebuchadnezzar II

site of one of the world's first libraries

Nineveh

the name of Kush while it was still a part of the Egyptian Empire

Nubia

the period during which the Great Pyramid of King Khufu at Giza was constructed, showing the power of the Egyptian pharaohs

Old Kingdom

Egyptian history is divided into three major periods, known as the

Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms.

the empire ruled by Cyrus the Great

Persian Empire

Persian route from Lydia to Susa

Royal Road

How was the Persian Empire sustained?

Royal Roads

the leader who established the world's first empire

Sargon

Around 2340 B.C., the Sumerian city-states were conquered by the Akkadians under their leader

Sargon.

invaders who attacked the Egyptian Empire during its final days of power

Sea Peoples

During the New Kingdom, the Egyptian Empire reached its peak. What was one way it showed its power?

The pharaohs sent messengers out to proclaim their achievements throughout the empire.

Why did the Egyptians resist Akhenaten's religious reforms?

They accepted many gods, and did not like the idea of rejecting or destroying them to worship only one god.

How did the kingdom of Kush become a successful trading empire?

They had many minerals and food to trade

Persian religion

Zoroastrianism

In the patriarchal Mesopotamian society, what was the father's role?

a husband could divorce his wife if she failed in any of her duties.

Egyptian society, with the god-king at the top, was organized like (picture in notes)

a pyramid.

The Code of Hammurabi paints a portrait of a society in which

almost anything that can go wrong is addressed by one law or another.

The term for a large political unit or state, usually under a single leader, controlling many peoples or territories is

an empire.

administrative organization with officials and regular procedures that helped run the government

bureaucracy

Unlike other religions of the time, political leaders in Israel

could not claim they alone knew the will of God, because the Jewish teachings were written down for anyone to read.

The Jews believed that God had made a contract with them, called a

covenant.

While the Hyksos attacked the Egyptians from horse-drawn chariots, the Egyptian soldiers were limited to

donkey carts.

Religion provided the Egyptians with a sense of security, and Egyptian rulers were viewed as

earthly forms of the sun god Re.

a large political unit, usually with a single leader, that controls many territories

empire

Hammurabi is remembered for

establishing a collection of laws for Mesopotamian society.

Cyrus the Great showed such wisdom and compassion when he conquered Babylon that

everyone accepted him as ruler.

Hieratic script, a simplified version of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing, was used

for business transactions, record keeping, and the general needs of daily life.

In Hammurabi's code, punishments generally followed the principle of retaliation, or the idea that one must

give an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.

complex system of writing, meaning "sacred writings," that is made up of pictures and more abstract forms

hieroglyphics

Having been conquered by the Hyksos was not all bad for the Egyptians because the Hyksos taught the Egyptians

how to make bronze weapons and showed them the advantages of horse-drawn war chariots.

The Assyrians had the first large armies who carried weapons made of

iron.

way in which dead bodies of wealthy Egyptians were preserved from the time of the Old Kingdom

mummification

title of Egyptian monarch who possessed absolute power

pharoah

religious teachers whose words became a source of ideals for social justice as they condemned the rich for causing the poor to suffer

prophets

part of a large complex of buildings dedicated to the dead

pyramids

the ruler of a province in the Persian empire

satrap

The "ten lost tribes" were

scattered Israelite tribes.

Cyrus was called "the Great" because he

showed wisdom and compassion.

The first empire in world history was

the Akkadian empire.

The development of Egyptian civilization was influenced most powerfully by

the Nile River.

Although the pharaoh Ramses II tried to maintain the Egyptian Empire's strength, he failed because he was unable to hold out against

the Sea Peoples.

The Egyptians developed an accurate 365-day calendar by basing their year on

the movements of the moon and the star Sirius.

One example of the Assyrians' efficiency and effectiveness as administrators was

their system of carrying messages quickly, which involved a network of staging posts and relays of horses.

Which of the following contributed to the efficient system of communication that was crucial to sustaining the Persian Empire?

well-maintained roads and way stations to provide food, shelter, and fresh horses for traveling officials.

Darius's elite cavalry and infantry forces were known as the Immortals because

whenever a soldier was killed, he was immediately replaced.