Unit 2 Pretest EMT

During a 30-minute transport of a stable patient, you should reassess him or her at least ________ times. Select one: A.6 B.2 C.3 D.4

B. 2

You and your partner are caring for a critically injured patient. Your partner is controlling severe bleeding from the patient's lower extremities as you attempt ventilations with a bag-valve mask. After repositioning the mask several times, you are unable to effectively ventilate the patient. You should: Select one: A.hyperextend the patient's head and reattempt ventilations. B.begin ventilations using the mouth-to-mask technique. C.suction the patient's airway for 30 seconds and reattempt ventilations. D.continue attempted ventilations and transport immediately.

B. begin ventilations using the mouth-to-mask technique.

Aggressive ambulance driving may have a negative effect on other motorists because: Select one: A.they move to the right or drive as close to the curb as possible. B.it may not allow for their reaction time to respond to your vehicle. C.they often freeze when they see the lights in the rearview mirror. D.they may become enraged and attempt to run you off the road.

B. it may not allow for their reaction time to respond to your vehicle.

The hypoxic drive is influenced by: Select one: A.low blood carbon dioxide levels. B.low blood oxygen levels. C.high blood oxygen levels. D.high blood carbon dioxide levels.

B. low blood oxygen levels.

Which of the following questions would you ask a patient to ascertain the "M" in the SAMPLE history? Select one: A."Have you ever had any major surgeries?" B."How much Tylenol do you take each day?" C."When was the last time you ate a meal?" D."How long have you had your chest pain?"

B."How much Tylenol do you take each day?"

In which of the following situations would a direct ground lift be the MOST appropriate method of moving a patient? Select one: A.A patient who complains of hip pain following a fall B.A conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain C.A pedestrian with back pain after being struck by a car D.An unconscious patient with a possible ischemic stroke

B.A conscious patient complaining of abdominal pain

A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has rapid and shallow breathing, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway? Select one: A.Provide continuous ventilations with a bag-valve mask to minimize hypoxia. B.Alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation. C.Suction his oropharynx with a rigid catheter until all secretions are removed. D.Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and provide suction and assisted ventilations.

B.Alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation.

Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured? Select one: A.Local blood vessels begin to dilate B.Platelets collect at the injury site C.Red blood cells become less sticky D.Red blood cells separate from plasma

B.Platelets collect at the injury site

A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should: Select one: A.perform a secondary assessment and then begin treatment. B.administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. C.assist her ventilations with a bag-valve mask. D.insert a nasal airway in case her mental status decreases.

B.administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

When auscultating the blood pressure in a patient's upper extremity, you should place the head of the stethoscope over the _________ artery. Select one: A.apical B.brachial C.femoral D.radial

B.brachial

A decrease in blood pressure may indicate: Select one: A.arterial constriction. B.loss of vascular tone. C.increased blood volume. D.forceful cardiac contraction.

B.loss of vascular tone.

As the single EMT managing an apneic patient's airway, the preferred initial method of providing ventilations is the: Select one: A.one-person bag-valve mask. B.mouth-to-mask technique with a one-way valve. C.manually triggered ventilation device. D.mouth-to-mouth technique.

B.mouth-to-mask technique with a one-way valve.

Pain that moves from its point of origin to another body location is said to be: Select one: A.palliating. B.radiating. C.referred. D.provoking.

B.radiating.

A pulse with a consistent pattern is considered to be: Select one: A.weak. B.regular. C.irregular. D.strong.

B.regular.

A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should: Select one: A.insert a nasal airway in case her mental status decreases. B.assist her ventilations with a bag-valve mask. C.administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. D.perform a secondary assessment and then begin treatment.

C. administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

You are dispatched to the residence of an Asian family for a child with a high fever. When you assess the child, you note that he has numerous red marks on his back. The child's parents explain that these marks represent coining—a traditional Asian healing practice in which hot coins are rubbed on the back. You should: Select one: A.acknowledge and respect this practice as a cultural belief, but advise the child's parents that it has no healing power. B.advise the child's parents that this is a harmful practice and is considered a form of child abuse in the United States. C.document this finding on your patient care report and advise the emergency department staff of what the child's parents told you. D.advise the emergency department physician that you feel as though the child was intentionally abused by his parents.

C. document this finding on your patient care report and advise the emergency department staff of what the child's parents told you.

The diastolic blood pressure represents the: Select one: A.increased arterial pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction. B.average pressure against the arterial walls during a cardiac cycle. C.minimum amount of pressure that is always present in the arteries. D.difference in pressure between ventricular contraction and relaxation.

C. minimum amount of pressure that is always present in the arteries.

Based on current guidelines, in which of the following situations should supplemental oxygen be administered? Select one: A.Any elderly patient whose oxygen saturation is less than 95% B.Any diabetic patient whose oxygen saturation is less than 98% C.Exposure to carbon monoxide and an oxygen saturation of 95% D.Signs of myocardial infarction and an oxygen saturation of 97%

C.Exposure to carbon monoxide and an oxygen saturation of 95%

Which of the following findings indicates that your patient has a patent airway? Select one: A.Unresponsiveness B.Audible breathing C.Forceful coughing D.Inspiratory stridor

C.Forceful coughing

Which of the following statements regarding stridor is correct? Select one: A.It is a whistling sound heard in the lower airway. B.It suggests the presence of fluid in the lungs. C.It is a high-pitched, crowing upper airway sound. D.It is caused by incorrect airway positioning.

C.It is a high-pitched, crowing upper airway sound.

Which of the following occurs after tissues are injured? Select one: A.Local blood vessels begin to dilate B.Red blood cells become less sticky C.Platelets collect at the injury site D.Red blood cells separate from plasma

C.Platelets collect at the injury site

Which type of communications equipment functions as a radio receiver and searches across several frequencies? Select one: A.Mobile repeater B.Simplex station C.Scanner D.Duplex station

C.Scanner

When using the pulse oximeter as part of your assessment of a patient, it is important to remember that: Select one: A.as long as the patient's oxygen saturation is greater than 95%, oxygen is usually not necessary, even if the patient is experiencing respiratory distress. B.carbon monoxide has no effect on pulse oximetry readings because the pulse oximeter presumes that oxygen is saturating the hemoglobin. C.any situation that causes vasoconstriction or loss of red blood cells, such as anemia or bleeding, may result in an inaccurate or misleading value. D.pulse oximetry is especially useful in patients who have cold extremities because vasoconstriction forces blood to the capillary beds.

C.any situation that causes vasoconstriction or loss of red blood cells, such as anemia or bleeding, may result in an inaccurate or misleading value.

In contrast to inhalation, exhalation: Select one: A.requires muscular effort to effectively expel air from the lungs. B.occurs when the diaphragm lowers and expels air from the lungs. C.is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure. D.is an active process caused by decreased intrathoracic pressure.

C.is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure.

A 50-year-old male presents with altered mental status. His wife tells you that he had a "small stroke" three years ago but has otherwise been in good health. The patient is responsive but unable to follow commands. After administering oxygen if needed, you should: Select one: A.repeat the primary assessment. B.inquire about his family history. C.prepare for immediate transport. D.perform a head-to-toe assessment.

C.prepare for immediate transport.

You are en route to an emergency call when you approach a slow-moving vehicle on a two-way road. You can see oncoming traffic in the other lane. The driver has his windows up and does not realize that you are behind him. You should: Select one: A.pass the driver on the right-hand shoulder. B.quickly pass the vehicle on the left side. C.remain at a safe distance until it is safe to pass. D.use your public address system to alert the driver.

C.remain at a safe distance until it is safe to pass.

An unconscious patient found in a prone position must be placed in a supine position in case he or she: Select one: A.begins to vomit. B.has increased tidal volume. C.requires CPR. D.regains consciousness.

C.requires CPR.

At the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you determine that there are two critically injured patients and that another ambulance is needed. You attempt to contact the dispatcher with your portable radio but are unsuccessful. You should: Select one: A.make another attempt to contact dispatch from an area of higher terrain. B.place both patients in the ambulance and transport them at once. C.use the mobile radio in the ambulance to contact dispatch. D.ask a police officer to call dispatch with his portable radio.

C.use the mobile radio in the ambulance to contact dispatch.

General guidelines for effective radio communications include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A.acknowledging a transmission as soon as possible. B.speaking in a clear, calm, monotone voice. C.using 10 codes to ensure radio traffic confidentiality. D.holding the microphone about 2 to 3 inches from your mouth.

C.using 10 codes to ensure radio traffic confidentiality.

Supplemental oxygen without assisted ventilation would MOST likely be administered to patients: Select one: A.who have accessory muscle use and slow breathing. B.with rapid respirations and a reduced tidal volume. C.with difficulty breathing and adequate tidal volume. D.who are semiconscious with shallow respirations.

C.with difficulty breathing and adequate tidal volume.

A patient with spontaneous respirations is breathing: Select one: A.at a normal rate. B.without difficulty. C.without assistance. D.with shallow depth.

C.without assistance.

An oxygen cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when the pressure inside it is less than: Select one: A.1,000 psi. B.1,500 psi. C.200 psi. D.500 psi.

D. 500 psi.

A patient is bleeding severely from a severed femoral artery high in the groin region. Which of the following would MOST likely control the bleeding? Select one: A.Apply a pelvic binder device to stabilize the pelvis B.Apply chemical ice packs to the wound and transport C.Position the patient with his injured side down D.Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure

D. Apply a topical hemostatic agent with direct pressure

Cyanosis of the skin is caused by: Select one: A.peripheral vasodilation. B.venous vasoconstriction. C.increased blood oxygen. D.decreased blood oxygen.

D. decreased blood oxygen.

Delivering a patient to the hospital involves all of the following activities, EXCEPT: Select one: A.restocking any disposable items you used. B.completing a detailed written report. C.informing the dispatcher of your arrival. D.giving a verbal report to the clerk.

D. giving a verbal report to the clerk.

Without adequate oxygen, the body's cells: Select one: A.begin to metabolize fat, resulting in the production and accumulation of ketoacids. B.rely solely on glucose, which is completely converted into adenosine triphosphate. C.cease metabolism altogether, resulting in carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood. D.incompletely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood.

D. incompletely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood.

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for 2 to 3 hours? Select one: A.Heart B.Brain C.Kidneys D.Skeletal muscle

D.Skeletal muscle

The official transfer of patient care does not occur until the EMT: Select one: A.informs dispatch of the patient's arrival at the emergency department. B.gives a radio report to the receiving medical facility. C.notifies the admitting clerk of the patient's arrival at the hospital. D.gives an oral report to the emergency room physician or nurse.

D.gives an oral report to the emergency room physician or nurse.

In most instances, you should move a patient on a wheeled ambulance stretcher by: Select one: A.pushing the foot of the stretcher while your partner guides the head. B.retracting the undercarriage and carrying the stretcher to the ambulance. C.slightly lifting the stretcher to prevent unnecessary patient movement. D.pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot.

D.pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot.

Structures of the lower airway include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A.alveoli. B.bronchioles. C.the trachea. D.the epiglottis.

D.the epiglottis.

Which of the following statements regarding the scoop stretcher is NOT correct? Select one: A.A scoop stretcher will provide adequate immobilization of a patient's spinal column. B.You must fully secure the patient to the scoop stretcher before moving him or her. C.The construction of the scoop stretcher prohibits X-rays while the patient is on it. D.Both sides of the patient must be accessible for a scoop stretcher to be used.

A. A scoop stretcher will provide adequate immobilization of a patient's spinal column.

Which of the following statements regarding the one-person bag-valve mask technique is correct? Select one: A.Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-valve mask. B.The C-clamp method of holding the mask to the face is not effective when ventilating a patient with a bag-valve mask. C.The bag-valve mask delivers more tidal volume and a higher oxygen concentration than the mouth-to-mask technique. D.Bag-valve mask ventilations should be delivered every 2 seconds when the device is being operated by one person.

A. Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-valve mask.

A patient's refusal of EMS treatment and/or transport must be: Select one: A.an informed refusal. B.witnessed by a notary. C.reported to the police. D.authorized by a judge.

A. an informed refusal.

The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is: Select one: A.carbon dioxide. B.adenosine triphosphate. C.lactic acid. D.pyruvic acid.

A. carbon dioxide.

A patient with high blood pressure would be expected to have skin that is: Select one: A.flushed and red. B.pale and moist. C.mottled and cool. D.cyanotic and dry.

A. flushed and red.

Without adequate oxygen, the body's cells: Select one: A.incompletely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood. B.cease metabolism altogether, resulting in carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood. C.rely solely on glucose, which is completely converted into adenosine triphosphate. D.begin to metabolize fat, resulting in the production and accumulation of ketoacids.

A. incompletely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood.

A 29-year-old male with a head injury opens his eyes when you speak to him, is confused as to the time and date, and is able to move all of his extremities on command. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is: Select one: A.13. B.14. C.12. D.10.

A. 13.

A 70-year-old man presents with a severe nosebleed. His medical history includes COPD, depression, and a hemorrhagic stroke 3 years ago. His BP is 190/110 mm Hg, his pulse is 100 beats/min, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min. His medications include albuterol, sertraline (Zoloft), and multivitamins. Which of the following is MOST likely causing his nosebleed today? Select one: A.High blood pressure B.His prescribed albuterol C.Diabetic complications D.Hemorrhagic stroke

A.High blood pressure

The leaf-shaped structure located superior to the larynx is called the: Select one: A.epiglottis. B.vallecula. C.thyroid cartilage. D.cricoid ring.

A.epiglottis.

The hypoxic drive is influenced by: Select one: A.low blood oxygen levels. B.low blood carbon dioxide levels. C.high blood carbon dioxide levels. D.high blood oxygen levels.

A.low blood oxygen levels.