Unit 3

david bowie

"Glam rock" pioneer who established the character of Ziggy Stardust.

the specials

1977 ska group

michael jackson

King of Pop

"evil ways" (from album sanatana)

Santana 1970 jazz fusion

rock theater

a style used by kiss and alice cooper

"material girl"

madonna 1984 pop

steely dan

(Rock, Jazz Rock, 1974) began as a touring band but in 1974 became solely a studio band "achieved studio perfection", their style was so vast that its hard to put them into a single genre, very streamlined and perfect sounding, while their lyrics are simple the music is crazy complex and the main focal point of the band, wrote about contemporary life in LA, no one like them in terms of cool studio stuff

gary numan

- New Romantics band, early - 1976 - "Are Friends Electric?" - synthesizers became fashionable - 2 keyboards

pop metal

- another MTV promoted style - polished, slick, less grungy popularized by van halen

MTV and electro-pop

- promotion - many bands, like Duran Duran, may not have had a chance without MTV videos, showed their style, dress - Image is more important than talent - Human League: "Don't You Want Me" - Soft Cell: "Tainted Love" - Depech Mode: "Just Can't Get Enough" - Thompson Twins: "Hold Me Now"

the "me" decade

1969-1978, an era obsessed with personal well-being and emotional security. Characterized by health foods, diet crazes, a mania for physical fitness, and a quest for happiness through therapy nixon and aids baby

in the wake of poseidon

1970 king crimson album, includes "the devil's triangle"

the harder they come (film)

1972, movie that chronicles the gang life in trenchtown and featured jamaican music, helped popularize the wailers

talking heads

1974 ny band made by students from the whode island school of design. Very against corporate art rock. Very quirky and weird, and acted as a pre-punk band

stevie wonder

70s soul artist that used harmonica and a motown sound to achieve success. Said to have popularized and redefined 70s soul music.

disco

A late 1970s style incorporating elements of pop, salsa, funk and soaring vocals into a club-focused dance experience.

reggae

A style of music that developed in Jamaica in the 1960s and is rooted in African, Caribbean, and American music, often dealing with social problems and religion. combines ska and rock

emerson, lake, and palmer

Art rock band that formed in London in 1970. Their live album, Pictures at an Exhibition (1971) borrowed its structural elements from a suite of piano pieces by the Russian composer Modest Mussorgsky (1839-81).

"spinning wheel"

Blood, Sweat, and Tears 1968 jazz fusion

"girl from the north country"

Bob Dylan and Johnny cash 1963 folk/country rock

"I shot the sheriff"

Bob Marley and the Wailers 1973 reggae

carlos santana

Born in Mexico, he began his musical career playing guitar in Tijuana. He formed his band in San Francisco in the late 1960s. Their 1971 album Abraxas established a Latin American substream within rock. Mixed blues with african rhythms (latin music)

"wake up sunshine" (from album chicago II)

Chicago 1970 jazz fusion rock

"space oddity"

David Bowie 1969 glam rock

ziggy stardust

David Bowie's alter ego 1972

moody blues

Days of Future Passed by art rock band ____________ is programmatic music that paved the way for other art rock bands. english r&b band, formed in 1964 "nights in white satin"

arena rock

Elaborate live theatrical rock shows aimed more at watching and listening than dancing. alice cooper/kiss

"your song"

Elton John 1970 rock

"promenade" and "the gnome: (from ELP)

Emerson, Lake, and Palmer 1971 progressive rock

alice cooper

Father of shock rock, known for his extravagance, and was popularized for hits like "I'm eighteen"

mosh pit

First beginning in LA punk, slamming each other near the stage in a big group

dead kennedys

Formed in 1978, hardcore Punk band based in San Francisco. Ran independent record company called "Alternative Tentacles." Led the san francisco punk scene, and had a very anti-fascist and anti-nazi message as opposed to many punk bands of the time. They often produced social commentaries on social class divide or american politics.

new york dolls

Formed in New York City in 1971, they dressed in fishnet stockings, bright red lipstick, cellophane tutus, ostrich feathers, and army boots. The all-male Dolls were an American response to the English glam rock movement. Adopted the bowie style of heavy metal androgyny "personality crisis"

thom bell

Former producer and songwriter for gamble and huff, worked with string and brass instruments. Eventually moved to atlantic records in the 70s and helped the spinners, the stylistics, and stevie wonder.

parliament (funkadelic)

George Clinton's two bands, that alternated styles based on the type of music he wanted to do: Funkadelic was more experimental & jazz-influenced; Parliament was more mainstream.

bob marley

Jamaican singer who popularized reggae (1945-1981)

weather report

Jazz Rock & Fusion Band (founded mostly by Zawinul and Shorter, utilized collective improvisation, nontraditional instruments, didn't use rhythm section to keep time, BIRDLAND)

blood, sweat, and tears

Jazz fusion Columbia records group organized by al kooper (who was eventually forced out of the group and replaced with clayton-thomas) and produced the hit "spinning wheel."

chicago

Jazz rock fusion columbia records group. formed in 1967 including terry kath, danny seraphine, james pankrow, lee loughnane, and walter parazaider. Had to change their name to chicago for legal reasons, and produced politically charged music in the later 60s. Fused with pop sounds in the 70s.

black flag

LA suburban punk band which promoted violence and was named after the symbol of anarchy. Inspired by New York punk, fused anger with desperation. Spoke as a voice for the middle class broken family kids, and often had songs about dysfunction and chaos. literal nazis

british punk

Late 1970s musical style that rejected materialism and mainstream culture while promoting anarchy and rebellion. Inspired by American punk and fueled by an economic crisis that created lots of unemployed and undereducated youths. Groups such as the Sex Pistols rejected materialism in their tattered clothing.

x

Los Angeles punk band which fused the hyperactive roar of english punk with lyrics that described a degenerated society. They were influenced by the ramones, and became well known in the late 70s and early 80s for songs like "nausea." set the tone for LA punk.

"T.S.O.P." (the sound of philadephia)

MFSB and the three degrees 1973 soul

malcolm mclaren

Managed both the New York Dolls and The Sex Pistols.

miles davis

Most commercially successful jazz musician, Merged jazz and rock to create fusion. trumpet player for columbia records. Inspired by hendrix and often played with him. Pioneered jazz rock fusion.

MTV

Music Television Station that became a cultural happening in the 1980s, which has since been utilized by political groups to reach the youth vote.

lou reed

New York-based singer and songwriter who cofounded the Velvet Underground with John Cale. collaborated with bowie in the the early 70s, and was inspired to begin a solo career.

Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young

Originally came from the folk rock group Buffalo Springfield, and became the trio or crosby, stills, and nash, while also launching a solo career for Neil Young. Became a country-rock group, and eventually joined with rusty young, randy meisner, and george grantham. Best known for "Ohio"

the eagles

Originally with Linda Ronstadt, split in 1971 with Frey, Henley, randy meisner, and bernie leadon. They were a country rock group that had initial success with songs like "take it easy."

gamble and huff

Perfected 1970s soul. Songwriters for philadelphia records

dark side of the moon

Pink Floyd founding member Syd Barrett played a major role in the musical and stylistic direction of the group's early work. Their album ___________________ was partly inspired by Barrett's deteriorating mental state. 1973

quincy jones

Producer of Michael Jackson's "Thriller" album.

iggy pop

Punk rock singer and leader of the Stooges famous for his outrageous stage performances, which included flinging himself into the crowd, cutting himself with beer bottles, and rubbing himself with raw meat.

"blitzkrieg bop"

Ramones 1976 punk

"blank generation"

Richard Hell and the Voidoids 1977 punk

voidoids

Richard Hell's band in the mid 70s

waylon jennings

Singer, songwriter, and member of Buddy Holly's Crickets who later became the centerpiece of a group of country musicians known as the Outlaws.

carole king

Singer-songwriter who wrote many hits in the 1960s with Gerry Goffin. In 1971, the success of her album Tapestry made her a major recording star. "you've got a friend"

joni mitchell

Singer-songwriter whose music includes the influential, introspective concept album Blue (1971). Signed with reprise records in '68.

"everyday people"

Sly and the Family Stone 1968 funk/psychedelic soul

(jazz-rock) fusion

Style which combines the jazz musicians improvisatory approach with rock rhythms and tone colors; developed in the 1960's.

robert fripp

The guitarist of King Crimson

sid vicious

Very bad bassist of The Sex Pistols; murdered his girlfriend.

"nausea"

X 1980 punk

rock opera

a genre within art rock (and, later, progressive rock) that utilizes the musical style of rock in the operatic format

CGBG'S

a new york city bar that served as the birthplace of punk rock

"straight-edge"

a punk style that still had aggressive music but did not advocate for drugs sex or violence. Best represented by minor threat.

rastafarianism

a religious movement among black Jamaicans that teaches the eventual redemption of blacks and their return to Africa, employs the ritualistic use of marijuana, forbids the cutting of hair, and venerates Haile Selassie as a god.

"four to the floor"

a rhythm pattern used in disco and electronic dance music. It is a steady, uniformly accented beat in 4/4 time in which the bass drum is hit on every beat (1, 2, 3, 4) in common time.

hardcore

a subgenre of punk rock that originated in LA in the late 1970s and early 1980s, serving as a transition between punk and the more intense form of heavy metal known as thrash metal. Rarely involved girls, and was more of a macho scene, discarded the spikey haired british punk look and opted for shaved heads and tattoos.

tommy

album by the who that was produced under decca. it's a concept album about a boy who is blind deaf and dumb, and was a pioneer for rock operas.

"eighteen"

alice cooper 1970 glam rock

rock and roll as big business

almost completely controlled by CBS, capitol, MCA, polygram, RCA, A&M, and warner CBS and warner elektra/asylum atlantic controlled nearly 40% of the industry

whitney houston

also achieved success through mtv, originally beginning as a fashion model, signed with motown in 1983 and quickly became one of the best selling artists of the decade

kansas

american rock art band known for their apolitical rock ballads

progressive rock

an alternative music format that developed as a backlash to the popularity of Top 40

beat-inspired new york avant-garde

andy warhol style, inspired tevelvision

peter tosh

as a Jamaican reggae musician who was a core member of the band The Wailers (1963-1974), and who afterwards had a successful solo career as well as being a promoter of Rastafari.

patti smith

avant-garde ny rocker and poet, inspired by hendrix, dylan, and jim morrison. She mixed poetry and music and eventually created the patti smith group, wanted to be a political wakeup call for her generation

chic

band that produced le freak

patti smith group

became popular through cgbgs. thought of as a bridge between hippie and punk

"stayin' alive"

bee gees 1977 disco

"rise above"

black flag 1981 punk

wailing wailers

bob marleys band including tosh; reggae style

CGBG'S rock festival showcase auditions

brought international attention to the new york punk scene featuring the ramones, the talking heads, and television, effectively launching british punk

"so far away"

carole king and james taylor 1971 folk rock tapestry album

"le freak"

chic 1978 disco/funk

madonna

combined a decadent sex appeal with african american rhythms to attain 80s pop stardom. She signed with motown very early on and was a dancer. She used mtv to attain fame .

ska

combined jamaican folk mento, calypso beats from trinidad, jazz like horn sections, and western rhythm and blues

postpunk

conscious rap of the 1980s, in major cities and college towns, didn't make the charts so they turned it into radio

the national front

conservative british political party, made the UK situation worse and many punkers lost hope

linda ronstadt

country rock-singer originally backed by The Eagles. In 1972 she signed with asylum records and signed peter asher as her manager. She was very conservative politically, and outspoken on the topic, but also voiced the fact that rock and politics should stay separate.

richard hell

created the image of punk rock, trying to emulate a david bowie style, characterized by spikey hair and ripped tshirts, wanted it to look like a diy so that people could resonate with him. Created punk anthems int he mid 70s. originally in television but switched to the voidoids

"suite: judy blue eyes"

crosby, stills, and nash 1969 folk rock atlantic records

"california uber alles"

dead kennedys 1979 rock

"photograph"

def leppard 1983 glam metal

le freak (dance)

disco dance popularized in 1978 by the song of the same name by chic. had major sexual context

"rio" (from album rio)

duran duran 1982 new wave

duran duran

electro pop new wave band formed in the early 1980s and popularized by mtv due to their music videos.

synthesizer

electronic instrument that produces a wide variety of sounds by combining sound generators and sound modifiers in one package with a unified control system

mellotron

electronic keyboard instrument featuring prerecorded sounds

procol harum

english r&b classic rock 1970s band. Rooted in the paramounts. "a whiter shade of pale"

thriller (album)

extremely successful album which put michael jackson on the map as a pop artist

public image limited

formed by john lydon in 1978, antirock

queen

formed by roger taylor, brian may, freddie mercury and eventually john deacon. known for their extravagance and regarded as one of the greatest bands of all time throughout the 70s and 80s.

yes

formed in 1968, created hits like roudabout

roxy music

formed in 1971 by singer brian ferry, known for their stylish futuristic contumes. Also included brian eno, who was known for his heavy makeup and glittery looks. Disbanded in 76.

the police

formed in 1977, new wave band with stewart copeland and gordon sumner. moved from punk to more reggae inspired style

television (band)

formed in late 1973, punk band that began in cgbs. took inspiration from the velvet underground, new york dolls, and iggy pop

sly and the family stone

funk/soul combination group formed by sylvester stewart; implemented instruments like the trumpet and saxophone

"we must bleed"

germs 1979 punk

ratt

heavy metal group formed in LA and became popular with the help of mtv

king crimson

inspired by robert fripp, formed the band in 1968 which produced hendrix style instrumentals under island records. Included the mellotron and escapist style lyrics.

the ramones

inspired by the new york dolls style, major ny cgbgs punk band. Went for minimalism as opposed to avant garde. Became very successful particularly in england.

"you've got a friend" (taylor)

james taylor and joni mitchell 1971 folk rock

johnny rotten (lydon)

joined the sex pistols in 75, and was a main turning point for the band

"love will tear us apart"

joy division 1980 post punk rok

"dust in the wind"

kansas 1977 rock

bee gees

late 70s disco group best known for "stayin alive"

"I can't help if (I'm still in love with you)"

linda ronstadt 1974 rock asylum records

germs

los angeles punk band which formed in 1977. They were said to be much darker than other punk bands, and often burned themselves with cigarettes. Leaders of LA punk. Vocalist darby crash killed himself in 1980 as a tribute to sid vicious.

jethro tull

made the transition from blues bashers to classical rockers. formed the band and named it after the agriculturalist. merged folk, rock, and obscure lyrics.

independent labels

many arose in punk music with the same diy ideals

"thriller"

michael jackson 1982 pop

michaelmania

michael jackson craze of the 1980s with songs like "thriller"

the who

mod mainstays in the late 60s, releasing rock operas like pinball wizard

joe jackson and the jackson 5

motown group which signed in the late 60s, and became the start of michael jackson's career appealed to all audiences and was very successful

suburban los angeles

moved from self destruction to violence, and the LA punk scene represented it. Very aggressive, energetic, and hateful, and very different from the surfer rock tone that was set prior.

bob dylan

moved towards west coast country rock in the early 70s with a still folk inspired sound. Released California country songs like "girl from the north country" and "knocking on heaven's door"

motown style revival

mtv supported the revival of motown, which fit in well with the electro pop sound. Using synthesizers, a new modernized motown emerged with soul and disco. produced the jackson 5 and michael jackson

heavy metal androgyny (or glam rock)

new rock style glamorized by artists like david bowie in the 70s and 80s

chrissie hynde

new wave artist who formed the pretenders

"personality crisis"

new york dolls 1973 glam rock

english club scene

opened as a reaction to the austerity of punk, included clubs like the blitz, which were trendy and happy.

rough trade

organized as a cooperative of independent punk labels in 1977. Attacked racism and sexism

george clinton

originally in parliament in the 50s-60s under motown records. Heavily influenced by cream and hendrix. major influence on funk/post psych rock

sex pistols

originally the swankers, combined british unemployment rage with the ny punk sound to create british punk. led by manager malcolm mclaren.

"p-funk (wants to get funked up)" (from mothership connection)

parliament 1975 r&b/soul

"gloria" (smith)

patti smith written by van morrison 1975 punk

def leppard

perfected the pop metal created by van halen. drew inspiration from heavy metal and pop artists.

anarchism

philosophy preached by 70s punk bands, especially the sex pistols

new romantic/electro-pop

popularized by gary numan with the synthesizer, involved futuristic outfits, and included bands like ultravox and visage

the pretenders

post punk new wave band

cabaret voltaire

post-punk band formed in 1973, used a harsh electronic sound

the stooges

pre punk group in the 70s formed by iggy pop and inspired by david bowie. Pioneered the punk style for the decade

"a whiter shade of pale"

procol harum 1967 art rock

pink floyd

psychadelic rock band, hired david gilmore in 1970 to replace syd barrett (lsd addiction). Began writing more composer style classics in the early 70s, and produced dark side of the moon in 1973

the co-optation and decline of punk

punk dead

freddie mercury

queen frontman known for his incredible vocal range and extravagant style

philadelphia international records

record label created by Philadelphia-based songwriting duo Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff that introduced the Sound of Philadelphia (TSOP).

"love is the drug"

roxy music 1975 progressive pop

brian eno

roxy music member who popularized the synthesizer

(west coast) country rock

said to be the "music of reconciliation" which emerged in 1970. Merged mellow folk rock with bluegrass and country swing. California became the biggest spot for country rock, especially with Bob Dylan.

journey

san francisco bands led by the former members of santana, became very comercially successful in the late 70s.

SF vs. LA hardcore scenes

san francisco became disillusioned with the embittered generation of suburban punks, whereas los angeles became more aggressive, violent, and fascist

van halen

served as the archetype for pop metal bands, and produced a unique polished and smooth sound. They initially had a slow start, but eventually signed with warner in 1978

saturday night fever (film)

showed the transformation of a poor italian kid (john travolta) to a disco star. major influence on disco in the late 70s and kickstarted discomania.

the clash

signed with cbs in the mid 70s, quickly became a punk icon with hits like "white riot." Preached the dissatisfaction of young people, but did not have the anarchist message of the sex pistols.

jackson browne

singer/songwriter for artists like linda ronstadt and the eagles. Initially had more of the '60s folk protest sound of bob dylan, but became more into country rock in the '70s. He recorded with the byrds and signed with asylum records

motley crue

starting in 1981, known for extravagant clothing and chain sawing mannequins. gained a following for their theatrical heavy metal. Inspired by kiss, and signed with elektra in 1983

"rikki don't lose that number"

steely dan 1973/1974 jazz fusion

minor threat

straight edge hardcore punk LA band formed in the early 80s, and steered away from drugs sex and drinking. They still had the same aggression of their counterparts, but didn't advocate for breaking the law.

"psycho killer"

talking heads 1977 new wave/post punk

sweet soul

the 70s style said to be created by stevie wonder and perfected by gamble and huff.

"up on cripple creek"

the band 1969 root rock/folk

"white riot"

the clash 1977 punk

disco craze

the craze of disco across the nation, initially started by the film Saturday night fever

consolidation

the disco industry became consolidated in the late 70s: too many disco crazed boomers were in the industry so they shrunk to only a few labels. this pattern was initially started by companies in general, but moved into the recrrd industry as well.

"the best of my love"

the eagles 1974 rock asylum records

the o'jays

the first main band produced by philadelphia international. Formed in the 50s but didn't have much success until the 70s. Included eddie levert, walter williams, and william powell. Used many of gamble and huffs soul style songs.

"never can say goodbye"

the jackson 5 1971 pop/soul

"nights in white satin"

the moody blues 1967 art rock

"love train"

the o'jays 1973 philly soul gamble and huff/philadephia internationa;

"roxanne"

the police 1978 rock/new wave

"three minute hero"

the selecter 1980 reggae

"god save the queen"

the sex pistols 1977 punk

the band

the sometimes backup group for bob dylan, which became famous with its country inspired sound. Originally known as the hawks before dylan, and originally consisted of jaime robertson, richard manuel, levon helm, rick danko, and garth hudson. Debuted in '68 woodstock

"gimme danger" (from album raw power)

the stooges 1973 punk

kiss

tried to one up the new york dolls and created an iconic look for the band. signed with casablanca in the early 70s. Heavily avoided political messages

"are 'friends' electric?"

tubeway army produced/written by gary numan 1979 new wave

rock against racism

united british punk bands who fought against racism by embracing ska and reggae. organization arose in 1976 with eric clapton being racist. heavily supported by punk artists like the clash

joy division

used a gloomy post punk sound, isnpired by iggy pop, the stooges, the doors, and the sex pistols

DIY culture

used by punk bands to make fans feel like they could achieve their look

prince

used rock guitar and sexual lyrics to attain a soul pop style, and signed with warner brothers for 4 successful albums.

throbbing gristle

used synthesizer drones and tape samples to show a society in decline. said to be a dystopian view of life

"jump" (from 1984 album)

van halen 1983 pop metal

elton john

very extravagant 70s and 80s performer best known for his wild pianist skills and incredible stage presence

political conservatism

voiced heavily by linda ronstadt

new wave

was first a kind of description of a more musical and lyrically complex music than punk. It was a term sometimes ironically used to describe punk bands "who had learned to play their instruments".

james taylor

worked with joni mitchel, and eventually with crosby, stills, and nash fire and rain (1970) inspired bu the weavers, woody guthrie, and pete seeger. joined the flying machine in 1966, struggled with a heroin addiction, and signed with the beatles label apple records in 68

"roundabout"

yes 1971 progressive rock