Unit 4 Test- APES

at which of the following sites does seafloor spreading result in rifts and possible volcanoes?

A

which of the lettered choices in the soil profile above represents the region with the greatest concentration of organic material?

A

at which of the following sites is an earthquake most likely to occur as two plates slide sideways past each other?

C

which soil horizon has very little organic matter and accumulates soluble metals and nutrients that are transported from other soil layers?

C

which latitude shown on the diagram above experiences 24 hours of daylight on December 21?

E- Antarctic Circle

the intraplate location where hot-spot volcanism is occurring

A- A

at which of the following sites would activity result in volcanoes, island arcs, and mountains?

B

area that exhibits a growing non-volcanic mountain chain due to uplift

C- C

the location where new crust is being created at a divergent plate boundary

C- C

of the following, which has the greatest permeability?

C- sand

which soil horizon is the least weathered horizon and contains rock that is starting to break down into soil?

D

what are the proportions of sand, silt, and clay for the soil at point T?

D- 60% sand, 30% silt, 10% clay

based on the data in the table, which of the countries is most likely located at a subduction zone between an oceanic tectonic plate and a continental tectonic plate?

D- Country D

which soil composition would be the best choice for lining a landfill?

D- Point W

based on the data in the table above, which of the following samples would be the most prone to becoming waterlogged?

D- Sample D

Which of the following correctly characterizes one of Earth's atmospheric layers?

layer D is the thermosphere, where auroras are found

based on the graph, which of the following can be concluded about the latitudes of the two locations?

location 1 is close to the equator, and location 2 is in the northern hemisphere

which of the following would be a best control sample for the study?

a sample of water collected just downstream of the northern forest

which of the following is the dependent variable in the study?

a tract of land in a heavily forested area outside of town

a farm is experiencing extensive crop loss due to high rains causing overly saturated soils. Which of the following approaches would best help the farmer alleviate the problem?

amending the soil with sand to increase the permeability of the soil

which of the following best describes a transform boundary?

an area where two tectonic plates slide past one another

the primary cause of earths seasons is the

constant tilt of Earth's rotational axis with respect to the plane of its orbit around the sun

which of the following not only results from greenhouse warming but also contributes to additional warming of Earth? (i.e., is a positive feedback process)?

decreased size of snowpack

which of the following is the most likely consequence of the trend for the change in sea ice shown in the graph, creating a positive feedback loop in the arctic?

decreasing albedo and increasing absorption of heat by the ocean

Most of the Earth's deserts are at approximately 30° latitude, north and south, because these latitudes are characterized by

descending air currents

which of the following is a biome found at 30 degrees north and 30 degrees south as seen in the diagram?

deserts

earth currently rotates on an axis at an angle of 23.5 degrees. if that axis changed to 20 degrees, so that the axis was closer to vertical, which of the following would be expected to occur?

earth would experience a change in seasonal timing and length

which of the following properties is most likely associated with soils that contain more sand-sized particles than soils that contain more clay-sized particles?

high permeability

during an el nino--southern oscillation event, which of the following best describes conditions in the eastern part of the tropical Pacific Ocean (e.g., near Peru and Ecuador)?

high sea surface temp, high rainfall

which of the following changes in eastern pacific ocean food webs is typically associated with La Nina events?

increased phytoplankton concentrations

a team at a university in pennsylvania has concerns about the health of streams in a watershed because of the various land uses in the area. there has been an increase in road repair work, and the area has many dairy farms. which of the following would be most effective at preventing sediment runoff into the streams of the watershed?

maintain zones of grass at least 100 m wide on the sides of streams in the area

the water-holding capacity of soil is LEAST likely to be affected by the addition of which of the following?

pesticide

Most volcanism in the world is associated with

plate boundaries

the excessive pumping of groundwater from wells can influence the water levels below ground. which of the following is more likely to occur in coastal areas in aquifers in other regions?

saltwater intrusion into the aquifers

corn is a crop that grows best in soil that drains well. which of the following soils is best suited to grow corn?

sandy loam because it has large amounts of sand and less than 20% clay

based on the diagram, which of the following changes are most likely to occur in the central and eastern tropical pacific during el nino?

the Peruvian current weakens, leading to warmer-than-average sea-surface temperatures

based on the diagram, which of the following statements best explains why the climate of the west coast of Africa is drier than that of the east coast of the united states, even though they are located at similar northern latitudes?

the cold ocean currents off Africa absorb heat from the land and therefore cool the atmosphere

which of the following best explains why the lower portion of the troposphere is warmer than the upper portion?

the surface of Earth absorbs sunlight, heating the lower portion of the troposphere more than the upper part

which of the following areas receives the most intense solar radiation at the time of year shown in the diagram, and why?

the tropic of Capricorn, because this latitude is nearly horizontal to incoming solar radiation

el nino, a periodic warming of ocean surface waters, occurs in which of the following regions?

tropical east pacific

in which of the following atmospheric layers does most weather occur?

troposphere

which of the following explains the variable that would be the best fro students to measure to determine the direct impact of soil erosion caused by the construction project in the river?

turbidity, because a decrease in water clarity would indicate an increase in soil erosion

a student group is involved in a restoration study of a nearby disturbed area. they decide to collect six soil samples and analyze them for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). two of the samples are found to be very high in C and N, but the other four samples are low in both. the students also notice that the color of the two soil samples that are in high in C and N is very dark. Which of the following is the most likely explanation of the data?

two of the samples were collected from an A horizon, and the others were collected from a B horizon

which of the following is a primary cause of el nino climate variations?

warmer surface waters in the pacific ocean