Unit #4
Molecular imaging is defined as any method that investigates events at the ____ & ____ levels
Molecular & cellular
_____________ oral contrast and _________ administration of IV contrast can aid differentiation between the head of the pancreas, the small bowel, and the stomach.
Negative; rapid
What staffing problem is caused by the evolution of hybrid PET/CT scanners?
Technologists are very rarely trained in both modalities
What modality is most often couples with CT to perform intervention procedures?
Ultrasound
What technique uses virtual reality concepts in creation of inner views of tubular structures?
Virtual Endoscopy
CT scanners made for radiation therapy planning have gantry openings that are _____ typical
-Usually larger than typical scanners but not always
Which range of Hounsfield units in the interior of the abscess indicates serous purulent material?
0 to 30
Intra-abdominal abscesses can be:
1. intraperitoneal 2. retroperitoneal
Patients with Crohn disease can develop:
1. perforation of the bowel wall 2. fistula in the bowel wall 3. intra-abdominal abscesses
Causes of pyogenic liver abscesses include:
1. surgery 2. trauma 3. cancer
Which factors are essential to the production of high-quality images during low-osmolar contrast media injection?
1. volume 2. flow rate 3. duration
As many as ___________ of appendectomy specimens have been shown to contain appendicoliths.
1/3
The overall complication rate for a fine-needle biopsy in CT is approx what percent?
2%
For PET-CT exams, the patient must rest & fast for how many hours before injection and scanning?
4 hours
Before CT-guided drainage for abscesses was used, mortality rates from undiagnosed and untreated abscesses ranged from _________% to ________%
45: 100
To reformat a CT study, all the source images must have an identical: -DFOV -Gantry Tilt -Image Center -All of these are correct
All of these are correct
Which of the following is true regarding CT fluoroscopy? -Allows for near real-time capabilities of true fluoroscopy. -It is lower dose than conventional CT. -It has replaced traditional fluoroscopy for GI studies. -All modern CT scanners have it.
Allows for near real-time capabilities of true fluoroscopy
The benefit of PET/CT=
Anatomical correlation
What is the primary complication of all types of biopsy procedures?
Bleeding
How can dose rates be minimized when CTF (fluoro) is used?
By exclusively using intermittent fluoroscopy
The Navigator visualization software allows for all of the following except: -Capabilities for viewing inside cavities -Capabilities for tumor staging -Real time navigation, or "fly through" -View 3D surface-rendered abnormalities of tubular structures
Capabilities for tumor staging
What are the most common interventional procedures performed in CT?
Ct Guided-Biopsy
The leading microorganism in multiple-site liver abscesses is:
Escherichia coli
Which is a drawback to using sequential CT scanning for intervention procedures? -Interventions cannot be performed on small structures. -Low-density material is not imaged well. -The procedure can be lengthy. -None of the above are drawbacks.
The procedure can be lengthy.
What might be a normal anatomical variant of the spleen visible on CT images?
accessory spleen
Volume rendering provides the best results because it: -adds lifelike reality to the images -minimizes partial volume-averaging artifacts -produces optimum visualization of the anatomy -all of these are correct
all of these are correct
Which of the following is a laboratory evaluation done prior to CT-guided biopsy procedures? -prothrombin time (PT) -partial thromboplastin time (PTT) -platelet count -all of these are correct
all of these are correct
PET/CT combines the benefits of _______ information from CT and _________ information from PET.
anatomic;metabolic
All of the following are limitations of PET/CT technology EXCEPT: -anatomical correlation -increased expense -increased radiation dose -potential attenuation artifacts
anatomical correlation
What exam has been largely been replaced by CT colonography?
double-contrast BE
These factors must be considered before the use of virtual endoscopy becomes common place EXCEPT: -it must be better than real endoscopy -it must be accepted by the public -it must reduce patient dose -Rads must be trained in interpreting normal vs abnormal
it must reduce patient dose
Tumor imaging with FDG is based on the fact that ______ favor a glycolytic path for metabolism.
malignant tumors
Other than the respiratory system, which of the following systems is the most common site of TB?
musculoskeletal
The first treatment for a vasovagal response is to:
place the patient in the Trendelenburg position
To avoid ____ in PET/CT, extravasation of any radio pharmaceutical should be noted by the tech
possible misinterpretation
Unencapsulated fluid collections that develop early in acute pancreatitis are called:
pseudocysts
Virtual endoscopy includes all of the following applications except: -virtual arthroscopy -virtual colonoscopy -virtual cholangiopancreatoscopy -virtual labyrinthoscopy
virtual arthroscopy
