Unit A
The thick spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae provide extensive surface area for the attachment of ______. pelvic muscles back muscles intercostal muscles
back muscles
A person experiencing pain in their neck and upper limb, along with muscle weakness in the upper limb, may have a herniated disc in the ______ region of the vertebral column. thoracic cervical lumbar
cervical
The vertebrae that have small bodies, short bifid spinous processes, and transverse foramina within their transverse processes are called ______. sacral lumbar thoracic cervical
cervical
The most inferior portion of the vertebral column is the ______. coxal bone lumbar vertebrae sacrum coccyx
coccyx
The most common spinal curvature deformity is ______. kyphosis scoliosis lordosis
scoliosis
Which secondary curve of the vertebral column develops as a result of a child being able to hold up its head without support? Thoracic curvature Sacral curvature Lumbar curvature Cervical curvature
Cervical curvature
Which type of vertebrae start to fuse together shortly after puberty and are completely fused between ages 20 and 30? Cervical Sacral Lumbar Thoracic
Sacral
Select all that apply Which are the primary curves present in the vertebral column of a newborn? Multiple select question. Cervical curvature Sacral curvature Thoracic curvature Lumbar curvature
Sacral curvature Thoracic curvature
Which structural feature is absent in the first cervical vertebra, the atlas? Transverse foramina Transverse process Spinous process Superior articular facets
Spinous process
Which part of the axial skeleton provides vertical support for the body while housing and protecting the spinal cord? Thoracic cage Skull Vertebral column
Vertebral column
Transverse foramina are only found in ______. cervical lumbar thoracic
cervical
The ________ discs are pads of fibrocartilage separating adjacent vertebral bodies.
intervertebral
Supporting the weight of the head is a function of the adult ______. hyoid bone vertebral column ear ossicles cranium
vertebral column
Which statement is correct? The thoracic region of the vertebral column contains 5 vertebrae. The lumbar region of the vertebral column contains 12 vertebrae. The cervical region of the vertebral column contains 7 vertebrae. The coccygeal region of the vertebral column contains 7 vertebrae. The sacral region of the vertebral column contains 9 vertebrae.
The cervical region of the vertebral column contains 7 vertebrae.
What are the lateral projections on both sides of the vertebral arch? Superior articular processes Transverse processes Inferior articular processes Spinous processes
Transverse processes
Which characteristic feature of sacral vertebrae represent the remnants of the horizontal lines of fusion between the five vertebrae? Sacral promontory Median sacral crest Transverse ridges Auricular surface
Transverse ridges
The anterior, weight bearing part of each vertebra is known as the ______. transverse process body vertebral arch spinous process
body
The vertebral canal contains the spinal _________, while the intervertebral foramina allow for passage of the spinal nerves.
cord
The sacral canal terminates in an inferior opening called the sacral __________, which represents an area where the laminae of the last sacral vertebra failed to fuse.
hiatus
An exaggerated thoracic curvature directed posteriorly that often results from osteoporosis is known as a "hunchback" or ______. scoliosis hyperkyphosis hyperlordosis
hyperkyphosis
The largest vertebrae are _______ vertebrae.
lumbar
The thoracic and sacral curvatures of the vertebral column, which develop to accommodate the thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera, are classified as ______. secondary curves primary curves
primary curves
In the sacral region of the vertebral column, the vertebral canal is known as the ______. sacral canal sacral hiatus anterior sacral foramina posterior sacral foramina
sacral canal
When do secondary curves of the vertebral column appear in an individual? Before birth After birth
After birth
Which feature of the sacrum marks the site of articulation with the os coxae of the pelvic girdle to form the sacroiliac joint? Promontory Auricular surface Superior articular facet Median sacral crest
Auricular surface
What type of tissue makes up an intervertebral disc? Hyaline cartilage Dense connective tissue Compact bone Fibrocartilage
Fibrocartilage
Select all that apply Which of the following are functions of the vertebral column? Multiple select question. Encloses, protects, and supports the brain Houses and protects the spinal cord Provides vertical support for the body Helps to transfer axial skeletal weight to the lower limbs Acts as a protective framework around organs of the thorax
Houses and protects the spinal cord Provides vertical support for the body Helps to transfer axial skeletal weight to the lower limbs
Which structure of the vertebra is able to be palpated through the skin of the back? Inferior articular processes Spinous processes Superior articular processes Transverse processes
Spinous processes
Which vertebrae have long, pointed spinous processes and costal facets or costal demifacets representing sites of articulation with the ribs? Thoracic Cervical Sacral Lumbar
Thoracic
The main function of the coccyx is to act as a(n) ______. obstruction of the birth canal attachment site for muscles and ligaments site of articulation with the pelvic girdle
attachment site for muscles and ligaments
The axis (C2) contains a prominent process called the ______, which acts as a pivot for the rotation of both the atlas and skull. atlas dens foramen magnum crest
dens
The coccyx projects more inferiorly in ______. females males
females
A person experiencing pain in their lower back and down their entire lower limb may have a herniated disc in the ______ region of the vertebral column: thoracic lumbar cervical
lumbar
The costal facets or costal demifacets present on the thoracic vertebrae represent sites of articulation with bones called _____. ribs clavicles cervical vertebrae
ribs