Unit A

The thick spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae provide extensive surface area for the attachment of ______. pelvic muscles back muscles intercostal muscles

back muscles

A person experiencing pain in their neck and upper limb, along with muscle weakness in the upper limb, may have a herniated disc in the ______ region of the vertebral column. thoracic cervical lumbar

cervical

The vertebrae that have small bodies, short bifid spinous processes, and transverse foramina within their transverse processes are called ______. sacral lumbar thoracic cervical

cervical

The most inferior portion of the vertebral column is the ______. coxal bone lumbar vertebrae sacrum coccyx

coccyx

The most common spinal curvature deformity is ______. kyphosis scoliosis lordosis

scoliosis

Which secondary curve of the vertebral column develops as a result of a child being able to hold up its head without support? Thoracic curvature Sacral curvature Lumbar curvature Cervical curvature

Cervical curvature

Which type of vertebrae start to fuse together shortly after puberty and are completely fused between ages 20 and 30? Cervical Sacral Lumbar Thoracic

Sacral

Select all that apply Which are the primary curves present in the vertebral column of a newborn? Multiple select question. Cervical curvature Sacral curvature Thoracic curvature Lumbar curvature

Sacral curvature Thoracic curvature

Which structural feature is absent in the first cervical vertebra, the atlas? Transverse foramina Transverse process Spinous process Superior articular facets

Spinous process

Which part of the axial skeleton provides vertical support for the body while housing and protecting the spinal cord? Thoracic cage Skull Vertebral column

Vertebral column

Transverse foramina are only found in ______. cervical lumbar thoracic

cervical

The ________ discs are pads of fibrocartilage separating adjacent vertebral bodies.

intervertebral

Supporting the weight of the head is a function of the adult ______. hyoid bone vertebral column ear ossicles cranium

vertebral column

Which statement is correct? The thoracic region of the vertebral column contains 5 vertebrae. The lumbar region of the vertebral column contains 12 vertebrae. The cervical region of the vertebral column contains 7 vertebrae. The coccygeal region of the vertebral column contains 7 vertebrae. The sacral region of the vertebral column contains 9 vertebrae.

The cervical region of the vertebral column contains 7 vertebrae.

What are the lateral projections on both sides of the vertebral arch? Superior articular processes Transverse processes Inferior articular processes Spinous processes

Transverse processes

Which characteristic feature of sacral vertebrae represent the remnants of the horizontal lines of fusion between the five vertebrae? Sacral promontory Median sacral crest Transverse ridges Auricular surface

Transverse ridges

The anterior, weight bearing part of each vertebra is known as the ______. transverse process body vertebral arch spinous process

body

The vertebral canal contains the spinal _________, while the intervertebral foramina allow for passage of the spinal nerves.

cord

The sacral canal terminates in an inferior opening called the sacral __________, which represents an area where the laminae of the last sacral vertebra failed to fuse.

hiatus

An exaggerated thoracic curvature directed posteriorly that often results from osteoporosis is known as a "hunchback" or ______. scoliosis hyperkyphosis hyperlordosis

hyperkyphosis

The largest vertebrae are _______ vertebrae.

lumbar

The thoracic and sacral curvatures of the vertebral column, which develop to accommodate the thoracic and abdominopelvic viscera, are classified as ______. secondary curves primary curves

primary curves

In the sacral region of the vertebral column, the vertebral canal is known as the ______. sacral canal sacral hiatus anterior sacral foramina posterior sacral foramina

sacral canal

When do secondary curves of the vertebral column appear in an individual? Before birth After birth

After birth

Which feature of the sacrum marks the site of articulation with the os coxae of the pelvic girdle to form the sacroiliac joint? Promontory Auricular surface Superior articular facet Median sacral crest

Auricular surface

What type of tissue makes up an intervertebral disc? Hyaline cartilage Dense connective tissue Compact bone Fibrocartilage

Fibrocartilage

Select all that apply Which of the following are functions of the vertebral column? Multiple select question. Encloses, protects, and supports the brain Houses and protects the spinal cord Provides vertical support for the body Helps to transfer axial skeletal weight to the lower limbs Acts as a protective framework around organs of the thorax

Houses and protects the spinal cord Provides vertical support for the body Helps to transfer axial skeletal weight to the lower limbs

Which structure of the vertebra is able to be palpated through the skin of the back? Inferior articular processes Spinous processes Superior articular processes Transverse processes

Spinous processes

Which vertebrae have long, pointed spinous processes and costal facets or costal demifacets representing sites of articulation with the ribs? Thoracic Cervical Sacral Lumbar

Thoracic

The main function of the coccyx is to act as a(n) ______. obstruction of the birth canal attachment site for muscles and ligaments site of articulation with the pelvic girdle

attachment site for muscles and ligaments

The axis (C2) contains a prominent process called the ______, which acts as a pivot for the rotation of both the atlas and skull. atlas dens foramen magnum crest

dens

The coccyx projects more inferiorly in ______. females males

females

A person experiencing pain in their lower back and down their entire lower limb may have a herniated disc in the ______ region of the vertebral column: thoracic lumbar cervical

lumbar

The costal facets or costal demifacets present on the thoracic vertebrae represent sites of articulation with bones called _____. ribs clavicles cervical vertebrae

ribs