Unit One Psychology Practice Test Questions

The young science of psychology developed from the more established fields of philosophy and A) economics. B) biology. C) geography. D) sociology.

B

Which perspective is most concerned with how individuals interpret their experiences? A) behavioral B) cognitive C) neuroscience D) behavior genetics

B

Clinical psychologists specialize in A) constructing surveys. B) animal research. C) providing therapy to troubled people. D) providing drugs to treat behavioral disorders.

C

Cognitive neuroscience studies relationships between A) natural selection and genetic predispositions. B) childhood memories and psychological disorders. C) thought processes and brain functions. D) philosophy and physiology

C

Complementary accounts of the same behavior that can supplement one another represent different A) cognitive functions. B) unconscious drives. C) levels of analysis. D) natural selections.

C

Contemporary psychology is best defined as the science of A) conscious and unconscious mental activity. B) observable responses to the environment. C) behavior and mental processes. D) maladaptive and adaptive behaviors.

C

Dr. Santaniello conducts research on how children's moral thinking changes as they grow older. It is most likely that Dr. Santaniello is a(n) ________ psychologist. A) social B) clinical C) developmental D) industrial-organizational

C

Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological Association? A) Jean Piaget B) Margaret Floy Washburn C) Rosalie Rayner D) Mary Whiton Calkins

D

Who was the American philosopher who authored a textbook in 1890 for the emerging discipline of psychology? A) Wundt B) Watson C) Freud D) James

D

Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of A) animal intelligence. B) personality development. C) learning and memory. D) reactions to sensory stimulation.

D

In the early 1960s, the cognitive revolution in psychology involved a renewal of interest in the scientific study of A) mental processes. B) hereditary influences. C) unconscious motives. D) learned behaviors

A

Professor Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Professor Lopez favors a ________ perspective on depression. A) neuroscience B) psychodynamic C) behavior genetics D) cognitive

A

The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies observable human activity without reference to mental processes is known as A) behaviorism. B) cognitive neuroscience. C) humanistic psychology. D) positive psychology

A

Which psychologists are MOST likely to be involved in applied research? A) industrial-organizational psychologists B) developmental psychologists C) personality psychologists D) biological psychologists

A

Dr. Mills conducts research on why individuals conform to the behaviors and opinions of others. Which specialty area does his research best represent? A) cognitive psychology B) social psychology C) developmental psychology D) clinical psychology

B

Dr. Vazquez helps people to make career choices by assisting them in identifying their strengths and interests. Dr. Vazquez is most likely a A) biological psychologist. B) counseling psychologist. C) cognitive psychologist. D) social psychologist.

B

Introspection was the basic research tool used by ________ in order to study people's inner sensations and mental images. A) John Watson B) Charles Darwin C) Edward Titchener D) B. F. Skinner

C

Professor Crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference promoted the survival of our ancestors' genes. This viewpoint best illustrates the ________ perspective. A) social-cultural B) cognitive C) evolutionary D) psychodynamic

C

The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on A) natural selection. B) brain chemistry. C) unconscious conflicts. D) learned behaviors.

C

Which perspective would focus on the extent to which different styles of parenting are encouraged among various ethnic groups? A) evolutionary B) psychodynamic C) social-cultural D) neuroscience

C

William James was a prominent American A) psychoanalyst. B) behaviorist. C) functionalist. D) structuralist

C

A biological psychologist would be MORE likely to study A) how you learn to express emotions. B) how to help people overcome emotional disorders. C) life-span changes in the expression of emotion. D) the chemical changes that accompany emotions.

D

Akira believes that her son has become a good student because she always praises his learning efforts. Her belief best illustrates a ________ perspective. A) behavior genetics B) neuroscience C) psychodynamic D) behavioral

D

Efforts to discover whether the intelligence of children is more heavily influenced by their biology or by their home environments are most directly relevant to the debate regarding A) structuralism versus functionalism. B) evolution versus natural selection. C) observation versus introspection. D) nature versus nurture

D

Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of people's A) childhood memories. B) genetic predispositions. C) unconscious thought processes. D) potential for healthy growth.

D

In its early years, psychology focused on the study of ________, but from the 1920s into the 1960s, American psychologists emphasized the study of ________. A) environmental influences; hereditary influences B) maladaptive behavior; adaptive behavior C) unconscious motives; conscious thoughts and feelings D) mental life; observable behavior

D

The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how A) feelings are influenced by blood chemistry. B) people try to understand their own unconscious motives. C) behavior is influenced by environmental conditions. D) people encode, process, store, and retrieve information.

D

The specialist most likely to have a medical degree is a A) clinical psychologist. B) personality psychologist. C) developmental psychologist. D) psychiatrist.

D

Which of the following psychologists would most likely conduct psychotherapy? a. Biological b. Clinical c. Industrial-organizational (I/O) d. Cognitive e. Evolutionary

b