United Nations and agencies
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
1997 Vienna (Austria) addressing a coordinated, comprehensive response to the interrelated issues of illicit trafficking in and abuse of drugs, crime prevention and criminal justice, international terrorism, and political corruption.
Kyoto Protocol under UNFCCC
In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was concluded and established legally binding obligations for developed countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions in the period 2008-2012
Cancún agreements under UNFCCC
In 2010 Cancún agreements state that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level Green Climate Fund established (HQ South Korea)
Paris Agreement under UNFCCC
In 2015 the Paris Agreement was adopted, governing emission reductions from 2020 on through commitments of countries in ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions. (COP21, CMP11) was held in Paris
SAGE
Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on Immunization was established by the Director-General of the World Health Organization in 1999 to provide guidance on the work of WHO.
Universal Postal Union
1874 Bern, Switzerland
Inter-Parliamentary Union
1889 HQ - Geneva Permanent Observer at UNGA
International Labour Organization
1919 Geneva, Switzerland The ILO registers complaints against entities that are violating international rules; however, it does not impose sanctions on governments Unlike other United Nations specialized agencies, the International Labour Organization has a tripartite governing structure - representing governments, employers, and workers (usually with a ratio of 2:1:1)
United Nations General Assembly
1945 New York All 193 members states of the United Nations are members of the General Assembly the only one in which all member nations have equal representation
United Nations Security Council
1945 New York Along with the five permanent members, the Security Council has temporary members that hold their seats on a rotating basis by geographic region. These ten non-permanent members are elected by the General Assembly for two-year terms starting on 1 January, with five replaced each year The G4 nations: Brazil, Germany, India, and Japan.
United Nations Secretariat
1945 New York Article 97 of the United Nations Charter determines that the Secretary-General is "appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council."
United Nations Trusteeship Council
1945 New York Inactive to help ensure that trust territories were administered in the best interests of their inhabitants and of international peace and security territories taken from nations defeated at the end of World War II—have all now attained self-government or independence,
UNESCO
1945 Paris, France to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through educational, scientific, and cultural reforms in order to increase universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and human rights along with fundamental freedom proclaimed in the United Nations Charter.
International Court of Justice
1945 The Hague, Netherlands the court settles legal disputes submitted to it by states and provides advisory opinions on legal questions submitted to it by duly authorized international branches, agencies, and the UN General Assembly. The ICJ is composed of fifteen judges elected to nine-year terms by the UN General Assembly and the UN Security Council from a list of people nominated by the national groups in the Permanent Court of Arbitration. No two judges may be nationals of the same country Dalveer Bhandari India Member 2012-2018 all 193 UN members are automatically parties to the Court's statute being a party to the statute does not automatically give the Court jurisdiction over disputes
United Nations Economic and Social Council
1945 responsible for coordinating the economic, social and related work of 14 UN specialized agencies, their functional commissions and five regional commissions The Council has 54 member states out of the 193 UN member states, which are elected by the United Nations General Assembly for overlapping three-year terms
Food and Agriculture Organization
1945, Canada Headquarters Rome, Italy FAO acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy source of knowledge and information, and helps developing countries and countries in transition modernize and improve agriculture, forestry and fisheries practices, ensuring good nutrition and food security for all. Its Latin motto, fiat panis, translates as "let there be bread". Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 State of the World's Forests
UNICEF
1946 New York City provides long-term humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries.
International Civil Aviation Organization
1947 Montreal, Canada It codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth The Air Navigation Commission (ANC) is the technical body within ICAO.
World Health Organization
1948 Geneva, Switzerland World Health Report
World Meteorological Organization
1950 Geneva, Switzerland It is the UN system's authoritative voice on the state and behavior of the Earth's atmosphere, its interaction with the oceans, the climate it produces and the resulting distribution of water resources WMO publishes the International Cloud Atlas
UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
1950 HQ Geneva, Switzerland It is a member of UNDP Head Filippo Grandi won two Nobel Peace Prizes - 1954, 1981
World Tourism Organization
1957 Madrid, Spain promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism.
International Maritime Organization
1959, Geneva London, United Kingdom to develop and maintain a comprehensive regulatory framework for shipping and its remit today includes safety, environmental concerns, legal matters, technical co-operation, maritime security and the efficiency of shipping. To become a member of the IMO, a state ratifies a multilateral treaty known as the Convention on the International Maritime Organization International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation (OPRC)
World Food Programme
1961 Rome, Italy is the food assistance branch of the United Nations and the world's largest humanitarian organization addressing hunger and promoting food security
Codex Alimentarius Commission
1961 Under FAO is a collection of internationally recognized standards, codes of practice, guidelines, and other recommendations relating to foods, food production, and food safety.
United Nations Development Programme
1965 New York City It provides expert advice, training, and grants support to developing countries, with increasing emphasis on assistance to the least developed countries Since 1990, the UNDP has annually published the Human Development Report, which includes topics on Human Development and the annual Human Development Index.
United Nations Capital Development Fund
1966 New York, capital investment agency for the world's 48 least developed countries.
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
1966 Vienna, Austria promotion and acceleration of industrial development in developing countries and countries with economies in transition and the promotion of international industrial cooperation
World Intellectual Property Organization
1967 Geneva, Switzerland "to encourage creative activity, to promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world. 2011, WIPO published its first World Intellectual Property Report
United Nations Environment Programme
1972 Nairobi, Kenya environmental activities, assisting developing countries in implementing environmentally sound policies and practices. Global Environment Outlook (GEO-5) assessment is a comprehensive report on environment, development and human well-being, The World Meteorological Organization and UNEP established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 UNEP is also one of several Implementing Agencies for the Global Environment Facility (GEF) Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol,
International Fund for Agricultural Development
1977 Rome, Italy one of the major outcomes of the 1974 World Food Conference. dedicated to eradicating rural poverty in developing countries.
United Nations Human Settlements Programme
1978 Nairobi, Kenya. to promote socially and environmentally sustainable towns and cities with the goal of providing adequate shelter for all.
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
1982 Effective 16 November 1994 Montego Bay, Jamaica
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
1988 dedicated to the task of providing the world with an objective, scientific view of climate change and its political and economic impacts. It was first established in 1988 by two United Nations organizations, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) The IPCC produces reports that support the UNFCCC The IPCC does not carry out its own original research, nor does it do the work of monitoring climate or related phenomena itself. The IPCC bases its assessment on the published literature, which includes peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed sources Thousands of scientists and other experts contribute on a voluntary basis, without payment from the IPCC
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
1992 New York, U.S. is an international environmental treaty negotiated at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992, The UNFCCC objective is to "stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system The framework set no binding limits on greenhouse gas emissions for individual countries and contains no enforcement mechanisms. Instead, the framework outlines how specific international treaties (called "protocols" or "Agreements") may be negotiated to set binding limits on greenhouse gases India - Parties to the UNFCCC not listed in Annex I of the Convention are mostly low-income
United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
1994 Paris, France the only convention stemming from a direct recommendation of the Rio Conference's Agenda 21 COP 12: Ankara (Turkey), 12 to 23 October 2015.
United Nations Development Group
1997 is a consortium of United Nations agencies, created by the Secretary-General of the United Nations in 1997 to improve the effectiveness of UN development activities at the country level.
United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
1999 Geneva, Switzerland UNISDR supports the implementation, follow-up and review of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction adopted by the Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction on 18 March 2015 in Sendai, Japan. The Sendai Framework is a 15-year voluntary, non-binding agreement that maps out a broad, people-centred approach to disaster risk reduction, succeeding the 2005-2015 Hyogo Framework for Action
Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
2012 Bonn, Germany is an independent intergovernmental body established to strengthen the science-policy interface for biodiversity and ecosystem services for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, long-term human well-being and sustainable development. It was established in Panama City
