US History Before 1877 Medeiros Exam 2

Townsend Act

1767- Taxes placed on glass, tea, silk, paper, lead

G. Randolph

attorney general

French and Indian War

- 7 years war - Between British and Indian allies VS. French and Indian -Began due to a conflict between England and France over control of the Ohio River Valley. Washington is sent to take control of fort duquesne and he looses, this begins the battle. -Colonists are doing most of the fighting -smallpox outbreak helps the British win

Missouri Compromise

-needed because Missouri wanted to come in as a slave state so Missouri comes in as slave state Maine comes in as a free state. -precedent it set is that slavery can only be set south of missouri border.

Stamp Act

1765; law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc.

Tea Act

1773 act which eliminated import tariffs on tea entering England and allowed the British East India nCompany to sell directly to consumers rather than through merchants. Led to the Boston Tea Party. -Intended to help the British Indian Company out of bankruptcy -seen by colonists as an attack on taxation only with representation

Battle of Yorktown

1781 American victory in Virginia that forced the British to surrender

Whiskey Rebellion

1794 protest against the government's tax on whiskey by backcountry farmers

Louisiana Purchase

1803 purchase of the Louisiana territory from France. Made by Jefferson, this doubled the size of the US. Lewis and Clark explored it.

Election of John Quincy Adams and Jackson

1824 Jackson won popular vote but not electoral. Adams won the electoral.

XYZ Affair

A 1797 incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats. Started an undeclared war with france.

Battle of New Orleans

A battle during the War of 1812 where the British army attempted to take New Orleans. Due to the foolish frontal attack, Jackson defeated them, which gave him an enormous popularity boost.

Olive Branch Petition

A document sent by the Second Continental Congress to King George III, proposing a reconciliation between the colonies and Britain

Constitution

A document which spells out the principles by which a government runs and the fundamental laws that govern a society

Electoral College

A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president

Common Sense

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation

Three-Fifths Compromise

Agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House for representation and taxation purposes (negated by the 13th amendment)

debt plan said that they would pay him back slowly over time because if he declared war then he would never get his money back. We get europeans support.

Alexander Hamilton and the Assumption of Debts (creation of strong gov.)

-In Washingtons farewell address, he tells America to neutral. -monroe doctrine says to stay out or we will fight.

America and its changing foreign policy from Washington to Jackson (1792-1840)

Battle of Concord

April 19, 1775 - The British leave Lexington and head to Concord to take the weapons and gunpowder from the colonists. The British were burning the town when the colonists began firing on soldiers. The British were chased out of town turning the road into a 20 mile battlefield. Colonists win this battle.

Albany Plan of Union

Ben Franklin's plan to get all the colonies to unify

Impressment is the main cause. Also, the forcing of natives into the war.

Causes of war in 1812

Indian Removal

Cherokee of Georgia legacy fought. They won so they should be able to keep land but Jackson did not think so so he removed them to Oklahoma via trail of tears.

Great Compromise

Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house

-the great compromises creates legislature. (VA and KY). -the three fifths compromise says three fifths of the slave population would be counted to determine representation and direct taxation -the bill of rights is added to make anti federalists happy

Compromises of the Constitution

Indians and war of 1812

Creek Indians are aided with British. Creek Indians are divided into red sticks (fight with British) and white stick (fight with colonists)

Treaty of Paris

Ended the French and Indian war in 1763

cotton gin spurred the Indian removal which expanded to the south and made a lot of people rich. -Cotton gin made slavery profitable because you didn't have to have the demand for labor Slavery spreads throughout the south because cotton was so profitable Only small percentage owned slaves

Expansion to slavery in the lower south

James Madison

Father of the Constitution

anti federalists wanted to bill of rights added to the constitution. -federalists wrote the federalists papers saying consitution was fine as is and is encouraging people of New York to ratify constitution

Fight to ratify the constitution

Battle of Lexington

First battle of the Revolutionary War

Bank War

Jacksons wife was married before him and she thought she was divorced but legally was not. Chairman of bank of US starts the rumor she isn't divorced so Jackson destroys the Bank of US Jackson saw the bank as powerful and privileged, controlled by the wealthy Vetoed renewal of the bank's charter

Marbury vs. Madison (Judicial Review)

Marbury, a midnight Federalist judge, had his salary kept hidden by James Madison, tried to petition to sympathetic John Marshall, but says his case had no constitutional basis, dismissed, solidified power to declare what is constitutional vs not. -1803 Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review

Battle of Trenton

On Christmas day at night, Washington's soldiers began crossing the Deleware River. The next morning, they surprise attacked the British mercenaries which were Hessians. They win this battle because the hessians did not expect the attack and get drunk on christmas day.

Thomas Jefferson

Secretary of State

Alexander Hamilton

Secretary of Treasury

shays rebellion occurred under articles of confederation. Whiskey rebellion occurred under the constitution Shays rebellion was proof that the government was weak and not effective Whiskey rebellion proved the new national government had the will and ability to suppress violent resistance to its laws

Shays Rebellon vs Whiskey Rebellion

Republican Motherhood

The idea that women should be educated so they can educate their children so they can become educated voters.

Battle of Saratoga

Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain.

election of jefferson

Voting tie between Burr and Jefferson, house voted and Hamilton encouraged that Jefferson be elected. Significant election because it was a transfer between Federalist to Democratic Republican without adversity at a time when that just was not seen anywhere in the world. Proved that democracy could work.

Thomas Jefferson

Wrote the Declaration of Independence

Decleration of Independence

a 1776 document stating that the 13 English colonies were a free and independent nation

Enlightenment

a movement that emphasized science and reason as guides to help see the world more clearly -Thomas Hobbs: Social contract theory - tells us that we can break up -John Locke: gives us rights - life, liberty, pursuit of happiness

Intolerable Act

closes down port of Boston and Ohio river valley given to Quebec

Acrticles of confederation

created the first national government - had weak central government -no chief executive -power over military and foreign affairs

Sugar Act

law passed by the British Parliament setting taxes on molasses and sugar imported by the colonies. Made the wealthy angry

Shay's Rebellion

rebellion led by daniel shay, veterans demanding their pay not be in bonds -proved that government is not effective

Battle of Burnt Corn Creek

red sticks beat settlers with guns given to them by the British; first battle of Creek Indian War -Natives bringing back firearms to creek settlements

John Knon

secretary of war

-Steamboats: allowed rivers to become two way streets -toll roads -canals: allowed good to move up and down stream

transportation innovation

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

turning point during War of 1812 when General Andrew Jackson defeated 1,000 Red Sticks, killing 800 -Jackson and white sticks beat the red sticks. Ends war of 1812

Alien and Sedition Acts

two part act passed by Adams administration -Aliens: immigrants. Doubles the time for an immigrant to become a citizen to stop them from voting. -Sedition: restricted freedom of speech. couldnt speak badly about the president or you would be sent to jail. Violates first amendment.

Monroe Doctrine

written by Adams telling Europe to stay out of North America

VA and KY resolutions

written by Jefferson and Madison. They say that a state can reject laws that they do not like. This created the principle of nullification.