U.S. History-World War 1
what are the events for the War on Home Front
-Selective Service -War industries board -Women and African Americans -Liberty bonds -the food administration
When was WW1?
1914-1918
What day does the U.S. declare war on Germany?
April 6, 1917
What country of the Central powers was split into two countries after WW1?
Austria- Hungary. It became Austria and Hungary
What happened to Serbia one month after Franz Ferdinand was assassinated?
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
What countries are part of the Allied powers?
France, Great Britain, Russia, Italy (1915) and U.S. (1917)
What countries are part of the Central powers?
Germany Austria-Hungary -Bulgaria -Ottoman Empire (now Turkey)
What does Russia dropping out of the war help Germany?
Germany and Russia signed a separate treaty and now Germany is now fighting a 1 front war w/ France, German troops have all attention on France and they go after Paris, thinking that if they capture paris they can win the war
What did the payment of damages make Germany do?
Germany had to sign a blank check to pay for damages in all countries which totaled about 33 billion dollars and Germany was on it s hands and knees and needs help.
What countries is Germany trapped between and what does this lead them to do?
Germany is trapped between 2 allied countries (Russia and France). Germany has to divide the army into a west front and an eastern front. The west goes against France and the east goes against russia
What is the Zimmermann note?
Germany offers Mexico the opportunity to regain the "lost territory" in Texas, new mexico and Arizona if Mexico would help them
What does Wilson want in his plan?
He wanted "peace w/o victory"- he didn't want to brag on the win and wanted to eliminate the general causes of war
What happened that caused russia to drop out of World War 1 in 1917?
Russia becomes a communist country and has the Bolshevik Communist Revolution- this causes the people in russia to not be worried about things outside of the country and decides to drop out of the war
Who decides on the treaty of versailles?
The allies leaders get to decide on the treaty b/c they won and they meet at Versailles to decide on peace negotiations
What is another name for the allied powers?
Triple Entente
what are the european countries fighting over?
Who will be #1 and king of the mountain (wealthiest, strongest, biggest)
Who was president during ww1?
Woodrow Wilson
What are the European countries like?
a power keg (keg of gun powder) ready to explode
About how many clause did the Treaty of Versailles have?
about 440 and most of them had punished Germany- similar to reconstruction
what is the story to remember the 3 -isms?
all european countries want to be #1, to be #1 they have to have more land, to get more land they need a big army and navy
Who got involved when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia?
all of the alliances and Russia came to serbia's aid
What are the American soldiers called and where did they do most of their fighting?
american soldiers "doughboys" arrived just in time to help France and did most fighting in france
What was the main reason the u.S. declared war on Germany?
b/c of the unrestricted submarine warfare Germany was doing- sinking ships whether they were hostile or not
What is imperialism?
countries competed for colonies and argued over territories
What happens to countries when WW1 ends?
countries split, disappear and new ones are created
How did Germany want Mexico to help them?
distract the u.S. b/c if the us was in danger by mexico they would not get involved in world war 1
Why were alliances formed?
for mutual self-protection; as rivalries intensified the possibility of conflict escalated
what is militarism?
gaining land can be rough ground so the countries need army and navy to get land and keep it
The other european countries shot down all of Wilson's 13 points but Wilson said in order to have his support they had to keep this one point #14, what was it?
he felt it was most important and it called for the creation of a League of Nations or an international peace -keeping organization
Who criticized the Treaty of versailles?
henry Cabot Lodge and other senators b/c they did not like the League of Nations. They thought it would create future wars
When did the U.S. sign a separate treaty with Germany?
in 1921
What did the war industries board do?
it converted factories to war production - told manufactures what they could and could not produce
What is the food administration?
it created days that people in the u.s. went w/o meat or bread. -"Wheatless Monday and Meatless Tuesday" -the food that was given up on those days went to the soldiers b/c their was no crops in Europe since most of the men are in the war and can't farm
What is the Selective service act do?
it drafts men for the army to expand
What did the Big Four finally decide on for the Treaty of Versailles?
it included Wilson's league of nations and Punishments for Germany: -loss of territory -PAYMENT OF DAMAGES (REPARATIONS) -limited army and navy
What did the payment of damages lead to?
it led to Hitler telling people he could help them and people elected him but the had hidden plan and the Germans did not see the plan until it was late and they just wanted a job and money -if the treaty didn't cause Germany to pay for the damages Hitler would not have had anything to talk about
What did the postwar in Europe do to counties?
it led to the creation of Poland, Yugoslavia, Czechovakia, Austria and Hungary and the disappearance of Serbia
What does industrial technology provide armies w/?
it provides armies w/ modern weaponry; machine guns, poison gas, grenades, tanks and planes
What did the Liberty bonds do?
it raised money
What does Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia do?
it sets off a "chain reaction" that led to the World WAr
How did women working help them?
it showed that women could do a man's job and the women got their right to vote
How is the British passenger ship sunk and why did it anger U.S.?
it was torpedoed by a German U-boat and only took 15 min to sink; this angered u.S. b/c we said it was unfair of Germany to sink the ship without any prior warning. Germany's response was that the ship had amo for the alliance countries and was also a war ship. The u.s. lost men on that ship
What are the 3 -ism that cause WW1? (long term causes)
nationalism, imperialism, militarism
When does Germany sign the armistice?
on November 11, 1918
Who kills Franz Ferdinand?
serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip- that belongs to a secret society the Black Hand
What did Germany respond to u.S.'s claim of the unfair sinking of the Lusitana?
that they would not do it agian b/c they did not want the u.s. in war but later they sunk ships, whether they were hostile or neutral (including u.S. ships)
What is the land outside the trench considered?
the "no man's land" b/c no one wants to be out in open field
What is the U.S. army called and who commands it?
the U.S. army is called the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) b/c they have to travel to fight and commanded by John J. Persing
why does Germany drop out?
the U.S. enters just in time to help France and Germany drops out b/c they have no help
What did the U.S. Senate never do to the treaty of Versailles?
the U.S. senate never ratified the treaty of versailles and the u.S. never joined the league of nations
What was the spark of WW1?
the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand-the heir for Austria-Hungary
who does Austria-Hungary blame for the assassination of Franz Ferdinand?
the entire country of Serbia b/c Austria-Hungary wants to take Serbia over (but Serbia doesn't want them to) it would be a good reason for Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia
What is the hard part of the treaty negotiations?
there are different perspectives b/c Italy, France, Britain have to live next to GErmany and they don't want to create big problems
What does Germany use during war?
they build trenches that are 100 yards away; its a stalemate (stand still battle)-both sides are trying to get outside of the trench
Who doe the big four represent?
they represent the winning side: -US wilson Britain, Italy and France
What do the other European countries want in the treaty?
they think Germany should pay
What is the Nature of the war?
trench warfare
What is another name for the central powers?
triple alliance
What is nationalism?
wanting to be #1 and be the largest country
who took advantage of new job opportunites working in factories?
women and african americans