VT19 Large Animal Bank
What is the normal average length of gestation in a sow?
114 days
When does ovulation occur in the cow?
12 hours after standing heat
List the correct number of teats for a cow
14 ????
What is the normal average length of gestation in goats?
150 days
List the correct number of teats for a sow.
2
Lack of what nutrients can cause retarded growth and rickets in goat kids?
Vitamin C and calcium
Lack of what vitamin in goats can cause nutritional muscular dystrophy (white muscle disease)?
Vitamin E
What nutrient is not required for normal horn and hoof formation?
Vitamin K
What are the two vitamins produced by the gut bacteria involved in fermentation?
Vitamins B and K
What is a newborn piglets lower critical temperature?
90° to 95° F
In goats, night blindness, poor appetite, weight loss, unthrifty appearance with a poor hair coat, and a thick nasal discharge have resulted from a lack of vitamin
A
The true stomach of the ruminant is the
abomasum
When a calf suckles and ingests warm milk, the reticular groove is stimulated to close so that milk and saliva pass directly into the
abomasum
Where is the dunging area most likely to be located in a pen that has adequate space for hogs?
At the rear
A cow with mastitis should
Be milked frequently
To avoid abomasal bloat in calves, milk replacer must
Be well mixed
Cattle add large quantities of saliva to their feed during chewing and also regurgitate during rumination. The most important effect of this is to
Buffer the acids produced in the rumen
In which of these animals is microbial fermentation most important in the digestive process?
Cat
A roll-bar in a farrowing crate keeps the sow from contacting the pen wall as she lies down; the function of the roll-bar is to prevent
Crushing the young
Clinical ketosis In dairy cattle is most common in
Fat cows
Which of these is not a common strategy for managing heat stress in dairy cattle
Feeding early in the day
Damage to what nerve, most commonly affected by dystocia, results in the inability to adduct the rear legs of a cow?
Obturator
Injury to what nerve is commonly seen with dystocia in cow that have a small or juvenile pelvis?
Obturator
The largest ruminant forestomach is the
Omasum
The ruminant fore-stomach that dehydrates and grinds feed is the
Omasum
Feeders in finishing hog pens should have
One feeder space per 6 to 10 pigs
In dairy cattle the teats and udder are gently washed before milking to stimulate the release of ____________ which causes milk let-down
Oxytocin
What is unique about the ruminant oral cavity?
Presence of a dental pad
The suspensory apparatus of the udder includes the
Proximal digital annular ligament
Fences and dividers between groups of pigs should be constructed so that
The slats are positioned vertically
What nutrient represents the greatest fraction of dairy cattle diets after weaning and is essential to optimizing milk production?
carbohydrates
In the ruminants, the cotyledon of the placenta attaches to what structure on the uterus to form the placentome?
caruncle
Llamas, like true ruminants, can break down what feed constituent into short-chained fatty acids with the assistance of bacteria and protozoa?
cellulose
The most common health problem encountered in cattle that have been recently shipped is
pneumonia
When young livestock are exposed to poor ventilation or cold stress, what outbreaks often occur
pneumonia
What term best describes the estrous cycle of cows?
polyestrous
Overfeeding of the nutrient class ___ to ruminants or horses predisposes them to laminitis, or founder
energy
The periodic elimination of excess gas from the ruminant forestomach is termed?
eructation
Frequently, the most challenging aspect of housing goats is
fencing
What type of hormone is bovine somatotropin (BST)?
growth hormone
Newborn piglets raised in confinement must be supplemented with
iron
What does it mean when piglets lie in a pile, with some on top of others?
they are cold
Horses and ruminants gain much of their energy from a product produced by microbes during fermentation. What is this product?
volatile fatty acids
Chutes used for moving swine should be constructed so that the sides
Have no openings
In what two species is cryptorchidism most prevalent?
Horses and pigs
Milk fever in dairy cows is typically treated with
IV calcium
Cattle and swine display what type of estrous cycle?
Polyestrous
What female has ovaries that resemble a cluster of grapes because of the large number of protruding follicles?
Cow
What animals have a dental pad in place of upper incisions and canines?
Cow and goat
Adult cattle have how many upper incisors?
0
When the newborn lamb receives no nutrition at all in cold environmental conditions, fat reserves last about
1 to 2 days only
During pregnancy, goats require extra dietary energy during the last
2 months
The number of nipple watering device in group pen varies according to the size and number of animals involved. A pen of 20 pigs should have a minimum of
2 nipples per pen
What is the average frequency of ruminations for ruminants?
2/minute
A cloven-hoofed animal has how many phalanges on each digit?
3
A llama's stomach is functionally similar to, but anatomically different from, a true ruminant stomach. How many compartments does a llama's stomach have?
3
What is the value of X in this cows dentition chart? I 0/3, C 0/1, PM 3/3-4, M "x"/3
3
A cloven-hoofed animal stand on which digits?
3 and 4
Sperm can be fertile for up to how many hours in the reproductive tract of a ewe?
48 hours
What is a freemartin?
A heifer calf born twinned to a bull
If you are visiting all of the housing areas on a farm, in what order should you view or examine the animals?
Calves, weaned heifers or steers, cows
The digestive system of herbivores?
Contains an enlarged microbial fermentation vat
Swine must have access to drinking water at all times. If deprived of water for an extended period, they may
Develop sodium chloride toxicity
In cows, production of colostrum begins
During the last 2 to 3 weeks of gestation
Consumption of unaccustomed quantities of grain, or of lush pasture when first turned out in the spring, by goats or sheep can lead to incomplete digestion, overgrowth of clostridia in the small intestine, and production of epsilon toxin. This syndrome is called
Enterotoxemia
How often does estrus occur in normal, non-pregnant cows?
Every 19 to 23 days
When is the usual breeding season for ewes?
Fall
Which is a dairy breed?
Guernsey??????
Which of the following animals can easily become hyperthermic if chased?
Goats and hogs
Scent glands in the male goat are located
In the axial area
Excessive carbon monoxide levels in a swine barn are usually associated with
Incomplete combustion of fuel in a heater
What breed is usually worked in stanchions or headlocks?
Jersey bull
The height of a nipple watering device must be adjusted according to the size of the pigs in the pen. It should be set at a level that is
Just above the shoulder of the pigs
What can a producer do to provide an acceptable environment for a lactating sow and her offspring?
Keep the overall area comfortable for the sow, and provide zones of supplemental heat for the piglets.
What is the best method to encourage a goat to stand still?
Lift up the head and chin
Successful strategies for preventing diarrhea in unweaned dairy calves include all of the following, except
Limiting the amount of milk fed
The environmental temperature should be monitored routinely in a farrowing unit. Where should thermometers be placed?
Near the floor at the pigs' level
A predominant deficiency of what nutrient causes angular limb deformities, given current North American feeding practices of llamas?
Phosphorus
In finishing buildings with pits, exhaust fans should pull air out of the building from the
Pit area
The process or structure in a newborn ruminant animal that allows milk to bypass the rumen and reticulum and go directly to the omasum is the
Reticular folds
In the bovine, ingesta freely moves back and forth between the rumen and the
Reticulum
The smallest ruminant fore-stomach, and the one most commonly involved in hardware disease, is the
Reticulum
Rumination is a cycle of activity composed of four phases. Which of the following is not included in this process?
Reurination
In what portion of the ruminant digestive system does most microbial fermentation take place?
Rumen
Which animal has a cotyledonary placenta?
Sheep
In cows, the "milk vein" is the
Subcutaneous abdominal
What common vice might become apparent if pigs are crowded into a pen with insufficient space for the number of animals?
Tail biting
The neonatal calf is a preruminant. What factor most influences rumen development?
The calf's diet
Great care must be taken when dehorning a goat with a hot electric dehorner because
The heat may damage their brains
As you walk through the nursery section of a swine production unit, you notice that many of the pigs have rectal prolapses. What does this observation tell you about their behavior?
The pigs are piling up.
Which statement concerning feeding of llamas is most accurate?
They should be fed on a regular schedule
Why do piglets need an iron supplement?
They are born with low levels in their tissue and do not have an adequate dietary source while nursing
In the ruminant animal, the fermentation process produces gas in the rumen, which, if not eliminated, can cause a condition called bloat. What instrument can be caused used to relive this condition?
Trocar
Ruminants have what type of placentation?
cotyledonary
Most scent glands in male goats can be destroyed at the time of
dehorning
Goats are most at risk for developing the metabolic condition termed ketosis during
late gestation
Urea toxicity in small ruminants typically occurs within 1 hour after ingestion. What is not a sign of urea toxicity?
low packed cell volume(PCV)
Which of the following comprises the major gaseous energy loss as a result of fermentation in the rumen?
methane
Hardware disease is usually associated with ingestion of nails, wire, or other sharp objects. The portion of the digestive tract that collects these objects is the
reticulum
Ruminants that consume excessive concentrates may be predisposed to
rumen acidosis