VT19 Large Animal Bank

What is the normal average length of gestation in a sow?

114 days

When does ovulation occur in the cow?

12 hours after standing heat

List the correct number of teats for a cow

14 ????

What is the normal average length of gestation in goats?

150 days

List the correct number of teats for a sow.

2

Lack of what nutrients can cause retarded growth and rickets in goat kids?

Vitamin C and calcium

Lack of what vitamin in goats can cause nutritional muscular dystrophy (white muscle disease)?

Vitamin E

What nutrient is not required for normal horn and hoof formation?

Vitamin K

What are the two vitamins produced by the gut bacteria involved in fermentation?

Vitamins B and K

What is a newborn piglets lower critical temperature?

90° to 95° F

In goats, night blindness, poor appetite, weight loss, unthrifty appearance with a poor hair coat, and a thick nasal discharge have resulted from a lack of vitamin

A

The true stomach of the ruminant is the

abomasum

When a calf suckles and ingests warm milk, the reticular groove is stimulated to close so that milk and saliva pass directly into the

abomasum

Where is the dunging area most likely to be located in a pen that has adequate space for hogs?

At the rear

A cow with mastitis should

Be milked frequently

To avoid abomasal bloat in calves, milk replacer must

Be well mixed

Cattle add large quantities of saliva to their feed during chewing and also regurgitate during rumination. The most important effect of this is to

Buffer the acids produced in the rumen

In which of these animals is microbial fermentation most important in the digestive process?

Cat

A roll-bar in a farrowing crate keeps the sow from contacting the pen wall as she lies down; the function of the roll-bar is to prevent

Crushing the young

Clinical ketosis In dairy cattle is most common in

Fat cows

Which of these is not a common strategy for managing heat stress in dairy cattle

Feeding early in the day

Damage to what nerve, most commonly affected by dystocia, results in the inability to adduct the rear legs of a cow?

Obturator

Injury to what nerve is commonly seen with dystocia in cow that have a small or juvenile pelvis?

Obturator

The largest ruminant forestomach is the

Omasum

The ruminant fore-stomach that dehydrates and grinds feed is the

Omasum

Feeders in finishing hog pens should have

One feeder space per 6 to 10 pigs

In dairy cattle the teats and udder are gently washed before milking to stimulate the release of ____________ which causes milk let-down

Oxytocin

What is unique about the ruminant oral cavity?

Presence of a dental pad

The suspensory apparatus of the udder includes the

Proximal digital annular ligament

Fences and dividers between groups of pigs should be constructed so that

The slats are positioned vertically

What nutrient represents the greatest fraction of dairy cattle diets after weaning and is essential to optimizing milk production?

carbohydrates

In the ruminants, the cotyledon of the placenta attaches to what structure on the uterus to form the placentome?

caruncle

Llamas, like true ruminants, can break down what feed constituent into short-chained fatty acids with the assistance of bacteria and protozoa?

cellulose

The most common health problem encountered in cattle that have been recently shipped is

pneumonia

When young livestock are exposed to poor ventilation or cold stress, what outbreaks often occur

pneumonia

What term best describes the estrous cycle of cows?

polyestrous

Overfeeding of the nutrient class ___ to ruminants or horses predisposes them to laminitis, or founder

energy

The periodic elimination of excess gas from the ruminant forestomach is termed?

eructation

Frequently, the most challenging aspect of housing goats is

fencing

What type of hormone is bovine somatotropin (BST)?

growth hormone

Newborn piglets raised in confinement must be supplemented with

iron

What does it mean when piglets lie in a pile, with some on top of others?

they are cold

Horses and ruminants gain much of their energy from a product produced by microbes during fermentation. What is this product?

volatile fatty acids

Chutes used for moving swine should be constructed so that the sides

Have no openings

In what two species is cryptorchidism most prevalent?

Horses and pigs

Milk fever in dairy cows is typically treated with

IV calcium

Cattle and swine display what type of estrous cycle?

Polyestrous

What female has ovaries that resemble a cluster of grapes because of the large number of protruding follicles?

Cow

What animals have a dental pad in place of upper incisions and canines?

Cow and goat

Adult cattle have how many upper incisors?

0

When the newborn lamb receives no nutrition at all in cold environmental conditions, fat reserves last about

1 to 2 days only

During pregnancy, goats require extra dietary energy during the last

2 months

The number of nipple watering device in group pen varies according to the size and number of animals involved. A pen of 20 pigs should have a minimum of

2 nipples per pen

What is the average frequency of ruminations for ruminants?

2/minute

A cloven-hoofed animal has how many phalanges on each digit?

3

A llama's stomach is functionally similar to, but anatomically different from, a true ruminant stomach. How many compartments does a llama's stomach have?

3

What is the value of X in this cows dentition chart? I 0/3, C 0/1, PM 3/3-4, M "x"/3

3

A cloven-hoofed animal stand on which digits?

3 and 4

Sperm can be fertile for up to how many hours in the reproductive tract of a ewe?

48 hours

What is a freemartin?

A heifer calf born twinned to a bull

If you are visiting all of the housing areas on a farm, in what order should you view or examine the animals?

Calves, weaned heifers or steers, cows

The digestive system of herbivores?

Contains an enlarged microbial fermentation vat

Swine must have access to drinking water at all times. If deprived of water for an extended period, they may

Develop sodium chloride toxicity

In cows, production of colostrum begins

During the last 2 to 3 weeks of gestation

Consumption of unaccustomed quantities of grain, or of lush pasture when first turned out in the spring, by goats or sheep can lead to incomplete digestion, overgrowth of clostridia in the small intestine, and production of epsilon toxin. This syndrome is called

Enterotoxemia

How often does estrus occur in normal, non-pregnant cows?

Every 19 to 23 days

When is the usual breeding season for ewes?

Fall

Which is a dairy breed?

Guernsey??????

Which of the following animals can easily become hyperthermic if chased?

Goats and hogs

Scent glands in the male goat are located

In the axial area

Excessive carbon monoxide levels in a swine barn are usually associated with

Incomplete combustion of fuel in a heater

What breed is usually worked in stanchions or headlocks?

Jersey bull

The height of a nipple watering device must be adjusted according to the size of the pigs in the pen. It should be set at a level that is

Just above the shoulder of the pigs

What can a producer do to provide an acceptable environment for a lactating sow and her offspring?

Keep the overall area comfortable for the sow, and provide zones of supplemental heat for the piglets.

What is the best method to encourage a goat to stand still?

Lift up the head and chin

Successful strategies for preventing diarrhea in unweaned dairy calves include all of the following, except

Limiting the amount of milk fed

The environmental temperature should be monitored routinely in a farrowing unit. Where should thermometers be placed?

Near the floor at the pigs' level

A predominant deficiency of what nutrient causes angular limb deformities, given current North American feeding practices of llamas?

Phosphorus

In finishing buildings with pits, exhaust fans should pull air out of the building from the

Pit area

The process or structure in a newborn ruminant animal that allows milk to bypass the rumen and reticulum and go directly to the omasum is the

Reticular folds

In the bovine, ingesta freely moves back and forth between the rumen and the

Reticulum

The smallest ruminant fore-stomach, and the one most commonly involved in hardware disease, is the

Reticulum

Rumination is a cycle of activity composed of four phases. Which of the following is not included in this process?

Reurination

In what portion of the ruminant digestive system does most microbial fermentation take place?

Rumen

Which animal has a cotyledonary placenta?

Sheep

In cows, the "milk vein" is the

Subcutaneous abdominal

What common vice might become apparent if pigs are crowded into a pen with insufficient space for the number of animals?

Tail biting

The neonatal calf is a preruminant. What factor most influences rumen development?

The calf's diet

Great care must be taken when dehorning a goat with a hot electric dehorner because

The heat may damage their brains

As you walk through the nursery section of a swine production unit, you notice that many of the pigs have rectal prolapses. What does this observation tell you about their behavior?

The pigs are piling up.

Which statement concerning feeding of llamas is most accurate?

They should be fed on a regular schedule

Why do piglets need an iron supplement?

They are born with low levels in their tissue and do not have an adequate dietary source while nursing

In the ruminant animal, the fermentation process produces gas in the rumen, which, if not eliminated, can cause a condition called bloat. What instrument can be caused used to relive this condition?

Trocar

Ruminants have what type of placentation?

cotyledonary

Most scent glands in male goats can be destroyed at the time of

dehorning

Goats are most at risk for developing the metabolic condition termed ketosis during

late gestation

Urea toxicity in small ruminants typically occurs within 1 hour after ingestion. What is not a sign of urea toxicity?

low packed cell volume(PCV)

Which of the following comprises the major gaseous energy loss as a result of fermentation in the rumen?

methane

Hardware disease is usually associated with ingestion of nails, wire, or other sharp objects. The portion of the digestive tract that collects these objects is the

reticulum

Ruminants that consume excessive concentrates may be predisposed to

rumen acidosis