What is Leadership

Bill Gates

"As we look ahead into the next century, leaders will be those who empower others."

Harry S. Truman

"In periods where there is no leadership, society stands still. Progress occurs when courageous, skillful leaders seize the opportunity to change things for the better."

Steve Jobs

"Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower."

Vince Lombardi

"Leaders aren't born they are made. And they are made just like anything else, through hard work."

Kevin Kruse's Leadership

"Leadership is a process of social influence, which maximizes the efforts of others, towards the achievement of a goal."

Tom Landry

"Leadership is getting someone to do what they don't want to do, to achieve what they want to achieve."

1900-1920: Control and Centralization

"The ability to impress the will of the leader on those led and induce obedience, respect, loyalty, and cooperation."

Ronald Reagan

"The greatest leader is not necessarily the one who does the greatest things. He is the one that gets the people to do the greatest things."

What is leadership?

"a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal."

What is the potential weakness of too much determination in a leader?

However, leaders who become overly obsessive about outcomes may try to take on too much on themselves.

Assigned leadership

(hired in a role) Emergent, most influential. EX: LeBron in the NBA Leadership that is based on occupying a position in an organization. (Example: The CEO of a company; President of the United States)

Benefits of strong leadership for followers:

1- (Survival) protection, guidance, support 2- (purpose)-humans seek understanding and identifying a purpose 3-(Success and Rewards) help enhance potential to succeed. Empower you, reward you, help you succeed

Hierarchy, thereby, creates:

A CIRCLE OF SAFETY

Why is the trait approach often a popular way to conceptualize leadership?

A leader's traits are consistent with "great man" theories that start with the premise that there are "great men" born to lead - and the key to understanding leadership is to understand what made these leaders great).

Emotional Intelligence

According to some research, people who are more sensitive to their emotions and the impact of their emotions on others will be leaders who are more effective. Example: Any Given Sunday

Leadership Traits

Articulateness (or Charisma): Communicates effectively with others Perceptiveness: Discerning and insightful Self-confidence: Believes in oneself and one's ability Self-assuredness: Secure with self, free of doubts Persistency: Stays fixed on the goals, despite interference Determination: Takes a firm stand, acts with certainty

Conceptualized Leadership

Assigned versus Emergent Trait versus Process (i.e., Nature versus Nurture ) Leadership and its relationship with Management Leadership and Power & Coercion

Confidence

Confident people feel self-assured and believe they can accomplish their goals. Example: Elon Musk Confidence allows leaders to move forward with a clear vision. Over-confidence, however, can make a leader blind to their own deficiencies (lack the ability to grow because they are not self-critical). Over-confidence can also make the leader take on assignments that are too big.

How do strong leaders act?

Courage to do what is needed (the right thing) Integrity, Empathy, Vision, and Follow-through Protection - Cover from above while people on the ground look out for eachother and carry out the mission (military) Support belonging within the group, provide direction Leadership is a choice and is a massive, constant, commitment "...the true price of leadership is the willingness to place the needs of others above your own."

Why is determination important to leadership?

Determined leaders often "get the job done" through initiative, persistence, perseverance, and drive. Their example makes others want to work hard and do more.

Sociability

EX: Gandhi Sociable leaders are those who have good interpersonal skills and create cooperative relationships with their followers. These leaders are sensitive to others' needs and show concern for their well-being as Gandhi did.

What trait made Terry Fox a Leader?

His determination inspired others.

Absence of leadership

In the absence of leadership, an institution or group, will lack direction, preventing it from moving toward and accomplishing its goals. An example of the absence of leadership can be observed at the 1968 Democratic National Convention held in late August in Chicago. The Democratic Party's leading presidential contender, Robert Kennedy, had been assassinated just months earlier in June of 1968.

What does leadership entail?

Innovation (S. Jobs) Hard work (V. Lombardi) Communication/simplicity (C. Powell) Vision (J. Welch) Inspiration (J.Q. Adams) Character (N. Schwarzkopf) Compassion (E. Roosevelt) Empowering others (B. Gates, T. Landry, R. Reagan) Setting the proper example (M. Jordan)

Intelligence

Intelligence can be a good predictor of creativity and innovation, as well as strong verbal ability, perceptual ability, and reasoning ability. Example: Steve Jobs of Apple Leaders with higher intelligence, however, may be impatient with followers or have difficulty communicating with followers because their ideas are too advanced for their followers to accept.

leadership?

It is a process Involves influence Occurs in groups Common goals are important

Why are many americans angry about huge CEO salaries?

It is not the salary, but more likely that many of our business leaders have not provided a "circle of safety" [click here; Tyco scandal].

Integrity

Leaders who adhere to a strong set of principles and take responsibility for their actions are exhibiting integrity. This builds respect from followers. Leaders with integrity inspire confidence and loyalty in others because they can be trusted to do what they say they are going to do. Example: Margaret Thatcher

1990s-Today: Complexity of Leadership

Leadership Vs. Management, Leadership as Process; Authentic, Spiritual, Servant, Adaptive Leadership No one definition dominates. Traits, skills, styles, behaviors, relational aspects, process, etc. are all worthy of consideration. Is leadership innate or a process that can be learned?

1970s: Organizational Behavior

Leadership became viewed as "initiating and maintaining groups or organizations to accomplish group or organizational goals."

1940s: Group Approach and Persuasion

Leadership defined as the behavior of an individual while involved in directing group activities. Distinguishes between leadership by persuasion versus coercion.

When does leadership fail?

Leadership fails when leaders violate the "circle of safety" - when leaders look out for themselves and not for their followers.

1950s: Relationships and Production

Leadership framed as what leaders do in groups (known as "continuance of group theory"); leadership is a relationship that develops shared goals; and leadership defined by the ability to influence group effectiveness.

Emergent leadership

Leadership that comes from the reactions of other people who support and accept that individual's behavior. An individual perceived by others as the most influential member of a group or organization regardless of the individual's title

1960s: Leadership as Behavior

Leadership was described as "acts of persons which influence other persons in a shared direction."

1980s: Nature of Leadership

Leadership was described as "getting followers to do what the leader wants done." Others defined it as "non-coercive influence." A few defined leadership based on traits. And finally, some argued that leadership is a "transformational process."

Personality

Openness: The tendency to be informed, creative, insightful, and curious. Agreeableness: The tendency to be accepting, conforming, trusting, and nurturing. Conscientiousness: The tendency to be thorough, organized, controlled, dependable, and decisive. Neuroticism: The tendency to be depressed, anxious, insecure, vulnerable, and hostile. * Damaging to effective leadership *

"Nothing of value comes without being earned. That's why great leaders are those who lead by example first. You can't demand respect because of a title or position and expect people to follow. That might work for a little while, but in the long run people respond to what they see." - Michael Jordan

Quote about whether or not leadership requires a title

A LEADER MAY HAVE A HIGH PROFILE TITLE OR NONE AT ALL

REMEMBER

Why do we have leaders?

Simon Sinek suggests that answer to this question traces its roots to the very origins of human life. As he writes, there is a "need for hierarchies."

What does food and protection have to do with it?

Sinek describes early human societies in which hunters brought back food for the tribe. Does every member of the tribe rush in at the same time to eat the kill? The answer, of course, is "no." That would be chaos. Such a chaotic system would further create a poor system for human survival.

Why is there a need for hierarchies?

Sinek makes the argument that our need for hierarchies is linked to food and protection.

Determination

Strengths: Been around the longest Makes sense (straightforward) Understand leaders Guides our benchmarks to be a leader

Why is that problematic for everyone in the group or tribe - even the strongest?

The ones who were shoved aside would likely be less willing to trust or work closely with someone who had injured them earlier that afternoon. This leads to division in the group, and to in-fighting. Instead of focusing on external dangers and threats, the group becomes distracted by internal threats and dangers. This is not a good system for anyone's survival.

Why do the strongest and weakest both benefit from cooperation and a system of hierarchy?

The strongest, in a system of hierarchy, know that they will get the choice of the best cuts of meat after the hunt. And, they can do so, without a fight. The weakest, in a system of hierarchy, know that they will get to eat. This is better than being pushed aside, suffering injury, and then not getting any food.

What else would happen in a chaotic system with no hierarchy?

There would be a lot of pushing and shoving. Invariably, the biggest and strongest of the tribe would get to eat first, whereas the smallest and weakest would consistently get shoved aside or hurt.

1930s: Traits and innate Characteristics

Traits became the focus of defining leadership, with an emerging view of leadership as influence rather than domination, and the leader's personality traits emphasized. Example: "He or she is a born leader." Leadership resides in people; it is innate.

When the group faces a threat from the outside, what do we expect from our leader?

We expect the leader, who really is stronger and better fed to be the first one to rush toward the danger to protect the rest of us. [Example: Mike Gundy]

Defining leadership as a process

a process means that it is a transactional event that occurs between the leader and the followers (i.e., leadership is not a one-way event, but rather an interactive event).

Born leader, certain traits that are innate that set someone apart

can be physical, personality, intelligence, salespersonship

Power leadership

capacity or potential to influence- examples- judges, doctors, coaches, teachers - often synonymous -shift in past 40 years- followers demand more- may have more power- see social media -positional and personal (similar to assigned/emergent)- leader can be likeable and knowledgable but not have position

Trait Approach

focuses on identifying the innate or inherited qualities and characteristics possessed by leaders.

Power and Coercion leadership

force- despots

Management Leadership

provide organization and structure and consistency; Leadership produces change and movement