Worksheet 9 Biology 1001 (DNA Mutations)

What contributes greatly to increase antibody diversity in humans?

antigen stimulation

A nucleotide deletion in DNA replication

causes the amino acids inserted after the deletion to be incorrect

A mutation that causes a change in a single nucleotide in DNA

changes the corresponding nucleotide in mRNA, resulting in a different codon

Viral genomes are the slowest evolving entities in biology, because of their short replication time and the large quantity of offspring released per replication cycle. (t/f)

false

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a common tool for the study, which of the following?

finding common ancestors of humans and chimps

Insertions and deletions are often called ___________ mutations because when one occurs within a coding region it can result in a shift in the reading frame used for translation of the protein specified by the gene.

frameshift mutation

When a codon that specifies glutamic acid undergoes a point mutation to specify a different amino acid like valine. What kind of mutational change is this referred to?

missense (non synonymous)

The nucleic acid sequence in mRNA is determined by

nucleotide sequence in DNA

In ________ mutation where a mutated codon specifies for the same amino acid as the unmutated codon, where it has no effect on the coding function of the genome.

silent mutation

If a frameshift mutation causes a stop codon to be inserted into the middle of a DNA sequence then - ?

the resulting protein will be too short and non-functional

A mutation that changes a single nucleotide could result in same amino acid (or) a different amino acid being added into a protein. (t/f)

true

An error in DNA replication known as replication slippage could lead to an increase or decrease in the number of repeat units in a tandem repeat such as CGG (Fragile X-syndrome) (t/f)

true

DNA mutations if not corrected are passed on to a cell's progeny. (t/f)

true

In a frameshift mutation all the amino acids before the mutation are changed. (t/f)

true

The addition of a single nucleotide into the DNA sequence may result in a frameshift mutation. (t/f)

true

The mutation rate represents the number of mutations per site per replication. Mutations can be deleterious, neutral or beneficial. (t/f)

true

Arrange the following genomes with respect to the slowest to fastest mutation rate! (DNA virus, RNA virus, humans, bacteria, yeast)

Humans, Yeast, Bacteria, DNA virus, RNA virus

If let us imagine two species! X-men and normal Humans had fewer mutations and few diffrences between their genomes then how will the fork distance appear from the common ancestors?

It would appear closer together than those of common ancestors because case stay 3 talked about how the greater number of mutations is proportional to the length of time that 2 groups have been separate.

If let us imagine two species! X-men and normal Humans had greater number of mutations and more diffrences between their genomes then how will the fork distance appear from the common ancestors?

The fork distance would be farther apart due to the reason that they have more mutations. Case stay 3 talked about how the greater number of mutations is proportional to the length of time that 2 groups have been separate.

Which of the following genotype in human beings will have the better fitness to survive malaria?

a person with two copies of sickle cell hemoglobin