World History Chapter 5 Section 5
Charles II (oldest son of Charles I)
After Cromwell's death, parliament was sick of military rule so who did they vote into power
Glorious revolution
Bloodless overthrow of James II
imposed fees and fines to the english people causing his popularity to decrease year by year
Charles dissolved the Parliament in 1629 and refused to call it back into session. How did he get money and what was the result?
New Model Army
Created by Cromwell-defeated the cavaliers
Cromwell
During whose reign did this occur: -republican government established -what was left of parliament was disbanded -constitution was drafted (the first of its kind)
James II fled to France
Happened as a result of William leading an army/navy against James II
Leader of majority party
Heads the cabinet and is prime minister
James his Catholic brother-becomes James II
Heir to Charles II since he had no direct heir
Attempted to get the Presbyterian scots to accept Anglican prayer book-they rebelled and raised an army
How did Charles I anger the puritans and what did they do in response
William of Orange (prince of the Netherlands)
Husband of James II's daughter Mary
7 members of parliament
Invited William to overthrow James II in the name of Protestantism
Cabinet
Link between the monarch and parliament -acted in rulers name but represented major party in parliament
Bill of Rights
List of things rulers couldn't do passed by parliament that states: -no suspending parliaments laws -no taxes without parliaments okay -no interfering without freedom of speech in parliament -no penalty for petition of grievances
Restoration
Name given to the reign of Charles II
Whigs
Opposed James taking the throne after Charles II
Roundheads
Puritan supporters who opposed Charles I
Habeas corpus "to have body"
Said that prisoners had the right to obtain a writ or document ordering that the prisoner be brought before a judge to specify the charges against the prisoner
Tories
Supported James taking the throne after Charles II
-sinful activities were abolished (nothing besides church on Sundays) -religious tolerance for everyone besides Catholics (Jews could finally return)
Two social reforms done by Cromwell and the puritans
They were led by General Oliver Cromwell
What advantage did the puritans have
England began to colonize Ireland
What caused a rebellion in Ireland
Unsuccessful arrest of parliament leaders
What caused the London mobs
Went with the army to stop the uprising-seized lands and homes and gave them to soldiers
What did Cromwell do to stop the rebellion in Ireland
Tore it up to become a military leader
What did Cromwell do to the newly drafted constitution and why
Recognize parliament as a partner in government which made England a constitutional monarchy
What did William and Mary agree to at their coronation and what did it do
Held him as a prisoner (intention was not to get rid of him)
What did the new model army do to King Charles I
Tried for treason then executed ONLY KING TO BE EXECUTED
What ended Charles I reign
Charles I was forced to call parliament back into session because he needed money to fight the Presbyterian scots
What opened doors to opposition from parliament
Parliament during the restoration
When and who passed these: -judge decides tried or set free -monarch couldn't imprison for opposition -couldn't be held indefinitely without trial
Cromwell
Whose death caused the government to collapse and a new parliament to form
English Protestants were afraid of a line of catholic kings
Why and who did the fact that James II's second wife gave birth to a catholic son scare
Parliament protested that his Catholicism acts broke English laws
Why did James II dissolve parliament
To limit the Kings power
Why did parliament enact laws in the fall of 1641
set the precedent that the law was higher than the king (which contradicted theories of absolute monarchy)
although Charles I ignored the Petition of Rights after signing it, it still managed to..
Royalists or cavaliers
loyal to Charles I during the English Civil War
he was at war with France and Spain
main reason that Charles I always needed money from Parliament
Parliament's financial power
primary obstacle to English rulers becoming absolute monarchs
her cousin James Stuart aka King James I
since Elizabeth the first had no direct heir who became the ruler of England after her
dissolved Parliament
what did Charles I do multiple times as Parliament refused him funds
Scotland
what other country did King James I rule
new translation of the bible
what was the one Puritan reform that King James I agreed to
1. He would not imprison subjects without due cause and Parliament's consent 2. He would not levy taxes without Parliament's consent 3. He would not house soldiers in private homes 4. He would not impose martial law in peacetime
what were the four points that Charles I agreed to in the Petition of Rights
he signed the Petition of Rights
when Charles I was forced to call Parliament in 1628 they refused to give him any funds unless..
Puritan members of Parliament-the puritans wanted him to enact reforms to purify the English church of catholic practices but he would only agree to one
who did King James I offend and how
Charles I-his son
who took the throne after King James I