World History Study Guide Chp 1 & 2

All of these are examples of interregional trade EXCEPT trade between

Harappa and Mohenjo-daro

If a historical source shows a strong preference or point of view that might distort the information presented, the source is

biased

In the Peloponnesian War, ___________________ fought _________________

athens and allies / sparta and allies

Why did ancient civilizations tend to arise in river valleys?

access to water and fertile soil made farming more productive

Disease is easier to spread in __________ society.

an agrarian

Besides fighting, the Roman soldiers were known for

building roads

The earliest domesticated plants were

grasses

The lives of pastoral nomads were based on

herds of domesticated sheep, goats, and cattle

When Caesar Augustus came to power, this form of government disappeared from Rome.

republic

The earliest settled societies developed in areas that were

rich in natural resources

How did governments change with the rise of the first civilizations?

rule by elders was replaced by a central authority

This first Athenian reform leader established the Citizen's Assembly, forbade enslavement for debts, and made fathers responsible for seeing that their sons learned a trade.

solon

How are ancient and modern civilizations similar?

there are large cities, technology, writing, religion, and social classes

Why are secondary sources important to the study of history?

these sources provide information written by other authors

How did the Romans integrate the people they conquered into their empire?

they offered them citizenship

This age is considered by archaeologists and historians to be a major period of technological, linguistic, and cultural change.

bronze age

The economy of Sumer was

centrally managed by priest-kings and officials

What is one way cities were different from villages?

cities had public structures and markets

Historians have identified the basic characteristics of civilizations as

cities, governments, religion, social structure, writing, and art

A civilization whose impact can be felt on history for a very long time is called _______.

classical

Which of the following statements would best describe the common elements of most historical events?

common elements involve change, advance, or conflict

The ability to acquire food on a regular basis meant humans

could give up their nomadic ways of life and begin to live in settled communities

Which task was not one of the jobs of a scribe?

creating the laws

Once it developed, agriculture spread from place to place by a process known as

cultural diffusion

As the Aryans conquered the indigenous population, what consequences followed?

cultural practices of language and religion changed

Two broad themes of history are integration and difference. Integration refers to the ways in which

peoples of the world have been drawn together

Athens united many Greek city-states in a league to defeat which empire?

persian

An example of data that a historian would use is

pictorial data

The invention that made food production more efficient was the __________.

plow

___ is the period before writing was developed

prehistory

A firsthand report or eyewitness account is an example of what type of data source?

primary

What two main types of sources does a historian use?

primary and secondary

Which of the following is NOT a primary source?

recent book about the civil war

History is more than a series of events, It is a ____________________ of events.

record

A system of government in which the people rule through representatives is known as....

republic

Why do scholars of ancient history know less about the Indus Valley than they know about Mesopotamia or Egypt?

scholars have not figured out how to read Indus Valley writing

The real change in the Neolithic Revolution was the

shift from hunting and gathering to systematic agriculture

A primary source is a record of the past created by

someone who lived at the time

The period between the emergence of stone tools and the later appearance of metal tools is called the

stone age

Which of the following historical investigations has the broadest spatial frame?

studying the Silk Road trade routes between Europe and Asia

The tools and processes to make things and to satisfy human needs is the definition of ______________.

technology

Why did the Indus Valley civilization cover a larger territory than the civilizations of Mesopotamia or Egypt?

the Indus River had a larger floodplain

A linguist studies______________.

the development of language

The invention of agriculture created food surpluses, which allowed for

the development of more specialized jobs such as artisans and government officials

Where did agriculture first develop?

the fertile crescent

The concept of cultural diffusion would most likely be used by a historian to explain

the growth and spread of a religion

Which of the following is associated with the rise of civilizations?

the invention of writing

How was the Roman Republic different from a direct democracy?

the people ruled through elected representatives

Why did bands of hunter-gatherers move from place to place?

they followed the seasonal migrations of game animals

Human technology has affected the environment

throughout history

Oracle bones were used

to tell the future

Once there was a food surplus, complexity within early river civilizations increased, as did _____________, according to the archaeological record.

trade and commerce

The Silk Road was a

trade route between the Roman Empire and China that ran through India's Kushan Kingdom

A secondary source might be____________.

a documentary made ten years later

The main economic activity of Egyptian, Harappan, and Sumerian civilizations was _________.

agriculture

Greek language and culture were spread over a vast area as a result of conquests by

alexander the great

In the system of direct democracy developed in Athens,

all citizens could vote personally in the assembly

Which of the following historical events would fit under the theme of political structures?

all of the above

Which of these was a part of hunter-gatherer culture?

knowledge of how to make tools

The interdependence of an advanced society demands the division or specialization of _________.

labor

What did Spartacus do?

led a huge slave rebellion

Which of the following is a "habit of mind" useful for studying history?

looking for global patterns over time and space

Values many consider to be universal standards such as democracy and human rights

may not be accepted in every time and place

This Code of Hammurabi is a product of which civilization?

mesopotamian

In contrast to hunter-gatherer societies, farming villages became

more socially stratified

King Ashoka worked to unify the Mauryan Empire through

peace and religious tolerance

What was China's main export at the time of the Han dynasty?

silk

It is very difficult to record history without including some bias. (true or false)

true

The historian is more concerned with the accuracy than the interpretation of the data. (true or false)

true

When studying history, asking questions and checking other sources will improve one's perspective. (true or false)

true

Which offered strong evidence of the existence of the Xia dynasty?

uncovering artifacts of an advanced society

Historians attempt to answer the ____________, ______________, _______________, _____________, and . _______________ questions of history

who, what, when, where, why

The shift from hunting and gathering to farming first became possible with the domestication of

wild grasses, goats, sheep, and cattle

Which statement about colonial North America addresses gender roles?

women took care of the home and garden

___________ was the most important contribution of the Shang dynasty.

writing

The practice of writing on Oracle bones assured ___________________.

writing of the Shang dynasty was protected

The Shang were the first dynasty to record the history of their rule in the valley of the

yellow river (huang he)

The alliance of Greek city-states against Persia was called the

Delian league

This battle eliminated Persian influence in Greece and Athens.

Salamis Bay

Hieroglyphics were a system of writing developed by

egyptian priests

Which of the following historical questions requires an interregional view?

How did the slave trade affect Africa, Europe, and the Americas

Which of the following is an example of a secondary source?

a book by a scholar of ancient egypt

A sequence of events is called

a chronology

An anthropologist studies ________________.

early human culture and development compared to the present day

The historian is more concerned with the interpretation than the accuracy of the data. (true or false)

false

To improve the conclusions from the analyzed data, the historian should include personal bias in his findings. (true or false)

false

A historian typically begins his work by

formulating a question he hopes to answer

Which of the following is a topic which would fall under the theme of social structures?

gender roles and relations

In what ways did the plow benefit societies?

greater crop yields, made soil more porous

What was the result of Alexander the Great's conquests?

greek language, art, architecture, and literature spread throughout Southeast Asia

Which languages are parts of the Indo-European language family?

greek, english, italian

The Indus valley epic poems were important to what religion?

hinduism

People who discover, study, interpret, and write history are called_________.

historians

The chariot was first used as a weapon by the _______________.

hittites

The spread of the bubonic plague from Asia to Europe in the 14th century best illustrates which theme of world history?

human-environment interaction

History is the recorded story of the interaction between _______________, ____________, and . _____________________.

ideas, environment, people