World Music Quiz 6

In which decade was there an attempt to re-Africanize the Brazilian carnival? -1970s -1990s -2000s -1960s

1970s

The United Nations estimates that, by 2050, -8 out of 10 Latin American households will derive their majority income from tourism. -7 out of 10 Latin American children will be underfed. -half of the indigenous languages in Latin America will be eradicated. -9 out of 10 Latin American citizens will live in a city.

9 out of 10 Latin American citizens will live in a city.

Bajo sexto

A 12-string guitar used in Mexican norteño music.

Cumbia

A Colombian traditional music combining Amerindian, African, and European musical ideas and instruments.

Ranchera

A Mexican song genre with rural and working-class associations.

Forró

A Northeast-Brazilian traditional music that has, since the middle years of the 20th century, also found expression as popular music.

Plena

A Puerto Rican folk song style associated with political and social protest and accompanied by frame drums and scrapers.

Palenquero

A creole language, developed in Colombia, and mixing Spanish with Bantu.

Gaita

A duct flute, played in gendered pairs.

Villancicos

A form of polyphonic song, either secular or sacred, important to the development of Latin American art music from the late 15th to the 18th century.

Tango

A form of popular dance music developed primarily in Buenos Aires and the greater Rio de la Plata region.

Tango-canción

A form of tango music designed to be listened to instead of danced.

Race

A group or set of people or things with a common feature or features.

Boogaloo

A musical genre envisioned as a crossover between Latin and North American popular musics and actively pursued during the 1960s.

Lunfardo

A particular approach to language that developed in the tenements of late 19th and early 20th century Buenos Aires.

Nortec

A popular music centered in Tijuana that combines sonic markers of Mexican traditional ensembles with electronica.

Mestizo

A relative term referring to people and a social identity involving the blending of European and Amerindian beliefs and cultural practices.

Ethnicity

A social group that shares a common and distinctive culture, religion, language, or music.

Orixa

A spirit or deity in the Yoruba religion of Nigeria.

Compadrito

A stereotypical character in the early history of the tango.

Son

A strophic song usually on romantic themes and in many regions characterized by sesquialtera rhythm.

Salsa

A style of popular Latin dance music.

Milonga

A style of song popular in the more rural areas of the Rio de la Plata region and influential during the early development of tango.

Syncretism

A term used within religious studies to describe processes of mixture between religious traditions.

Vallenato

A traditional music of Colombia that has also found expression as popular music since the middle of the 20th century.

Bandoneon

A type of concertina commonly associated with tango music and particularly popular in Argentina and Uruguay.

Currulao

Afro-Colombian, Afro-Ecuadorian dance context in the Pacific Coast region in which marimba is featured.

Suyá

Amazonian Indian group of Brazil.

Candomblé

An Afro-Brazilian religion heavily involving West African religious beliefs and musical practices.

Champeta

An Afro-Colombian popular music associated particularly with teh cimarron village of Palenque de San Basilio and centered in the city of Cartagena.

Bomba

An Afro-Puerto Rican music and dance complex.

Candombe

An Afro-Uruguayan music and dance complex.

Akía

An individually owned and sung song of the Suya Indians of Brazil.

Atabaques

Drums of West African origin, used in Brazilian candomblé music.

Mariachi

Ensemble type originally from Jalisco, Mexico, consisting of two or more violins, vihuela, guitarron, two trumpets, and various guitars.

Cumbia music originally emerged primarily as a narrative form, favoring complex lyrics and a unique style of singing. -True -False

False

Nortec is a genre based in rural Mexico. -True -False

False

The Peruviano wayno ensemble consists of only Amerindian instruments. -True -False

False

The performers of the candomblé ritual consist of solo male voice and the female chorus. -True -False

False

Pentatonic

Having five pitches.

Aymara

Indigenous Andean language; second-largest indigenous ethnic group in the Andean region.

Hocket

Interlocking pitches between two or more sound sources to create a single melody or part.

Urbanization

Movement of rural people into city environments.

Sesquialtera

The combination/juxtaposition of duple and triple rhythmic patterns, both simultaneously in different instrumental parts, or sequentially in the same part.

Gaucho

Residents of the South American pampas and particularly important to the national imaginations of Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile.

Hybridity

The interaction or crossbreeding of two unlike cultures or traditions.

Mobility

The movement of people or musics in a population.

Llamada

The name given to the drum ensembles featured in Uruguyan candombe.

Comparsa

The name given to the entire group of candombe revelers, including dancers, masqueraders, and drummers.

Listen to Track 10.1 from the textbook's Listening Guide. Which of the following is true? -The song is not strophic. -The song demonstrates a technique known as "despeluque" during the bridge section, which includes a focus on percussion over melodic instruments. -The song demonstrates a technique known as "despeluque" during the bridge section, which includes a focus on melodic instruments over percussion. -The song's lyrics celebrate Columbia's Amerindian heritage.

The song demonstrates a technique known as "despeluque" during the bridge section, which includes a focus on percussion over melodic instruments.

Listen to Track 10.4 from the textbook's Listening Guide. Which of the following is an element of this compositional style that does NOT illustrate a clear African influence? -Melodies and rhythms are based on ostinatos. -Instruments play interlocking duple and triple rhythms. -The vocal style includes yodeling. -The song features both male and female singers.

The song features both male and female singers.

A modern Mariachi ensemble usually includes two trumpets, three or more violins, a guitar, a vihuela, and a guitarrón. -True -False

True

Argentina accepted Astor Piazzolla's stylized and experimental music as a major contribution to tango only after his death. -True -False

True

Listen to Track 10.6 from the textbook's Listening Guide. One of the most important and distinctive elements of the wayno genre is the way it plays with symmetry in phrase structures. -True -False

True

The urban popular version of vallenato ensembles tend to include electric bass, one or two guitars and drum kits, in addition to the traditional instruments of accordion, guacharaca, and caja. -True -False

True

There are two different types of tango music - one for dancing and one for listening. -True -False

True

Compás

Within Mexican traditional musics, a rhythmic gesture spread across two equal halves, that shifts the accent patterns to create syncopation.

Champeta is -a traditional Colombian drum music. -a popular form of Argentinian ballad. -rect Answer a popular Afro-Colombian dance music. -a hybrid music made in New York based on Latin American rural styles.

a popular Afro-Colombian dance music.

The largest drum used in the llamadas candombe drum ensemble is called the -junkanoo. -siku. -repique. -piano.

piano.