World war 1 Review
How did America fund the $32 billion war effort
by raising taxes and selling bonds
How did the arrival of American troops in Europe change the attitude of those fighting the war?
Allied forces were enthusiastic and German forces demoralized.
Armistice
An agreement to stop fighting
Franz Ferdinand
Archduke of Austria-Hungary assassinated by a Serbian nationalist. A major catalyst for WWI.
Tripple Alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Allied Powers
Great Britain, France, Italy, Russia, and later the US
What was the primary reason that the Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles?
It rejected the notion of a League of Nations.
What effect did the war have on women in America?
Many took jobs that were traditionally held by men.
What were the European alliances that were triggered when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia?
Russia and France allied with Serbia against Austria-Hungary and Germany.
Cental Powers
The alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria that opposed England, France, Russia, and later the United States in World War I.
What were three of the main ideas in Wilson's Fourteen Points?
free trade and open diplomacy, national self-determination, and the establishment of the League of Nations
What were victory gardens?
gardens in which citizens grew their own vegetables
General Pershing insisted that American soldiers who entered the war _______.
remain in American units under American command
How did the unification of the German states and the emergence of the German Empire lead to tensions in Europe?
several countries feared that Germany would invade them and begin to create alliances.
What was the final German act that caused the United States to declare war on Germany?
the sinking of six American ships by German submarines
What was the Zimmerman telegram?
the telegram to Mexico from Germany promising to give Mexico land lost to the U.S. if they joined the war
What was the primary purpose of the War Industries Board?
to coordinate the production of war materials
Why did Congress pass the Selective Service Act?
to draft Americans into the armed forces
What were the purposes of the Espionage and Sedition Acts?
to prevent spying and curtail criticism of the government
Triple Entente
Britain, France, Russia
What was the result of alliances between European countries against one another?
Countries began to engage in militarism.
Lusitania
A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.
Imperialism
A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.
Militarism
A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war
Fourteen Points
A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.
Nationalism
A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia in 1908 had what effect on the empire's relations with the Slavic people?
Slavs felt that Austria-Hungary had no intention of giving them independence.
Why did England seek to forge alliances with France and Russia?
because Germany was creating a naval fleet that threatened the British navy
Why did trench warfare result in such horrific casualties?
because artillery and machine guns had made capturing an enemy's position nearly impossible
Where was the Western Front?
between Germany and France
How did American Admiral William Sims change the war at sea?
by creating convoys in which merchant ships and small, maneuverable warships called destroyers traveled together
How did the Fuel Administration attempt to conserve coal and oil during the war?
by instituting Heat less Mondays and creating daylight savings time
The desire to promote one's own country's culture and interests above all other nations is called _______.
nationalism
The crisis in the Balkans represented a clash between which two ideals that were emerging in Europe?
nationalism and imperialism
What battle on the Western Front resulted in a massive German retreat?
the Battle of the Argonne Forest
What event allowed Germany to sign a treaty with Russia, ending their campaign in the east?
the Russian Revolution and establishment of a Communist state
Advancements in technology led to what new theater of battle?
the air, with dogfights between planes
What event in 1914 triggered the beginning of World War I?
the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary
What was the Great Migration?
the movement of massive numbers of African Americans to the North to take factory jobs
espionage
spying
What was the purpose of the wartime agencies created in the U.S. during World War I?
to foster cooperation between the national war effort and private businesses
What was the purpose of the Committee on Public Information?
to sell the war effort to Americans