02 USH (Ch 2-3.3) (1607-1754) 02: English Colonization in 1607-Great Awakening (SSUSH 1,2c&d) Review
In every colony, the __________________________ consisted of two houses; in every colony, the members of the lower house were elected by eligible voters; in the royal and proprietary colonies, the members of the upper house were appointed by the king or the proprietor; only in Rhode Island and Connecticut, the members of both houses were elected by eligible voters.
legislature
Plymouth, Massachusetts was founded for Pilgrims to escape __________________________ persecution.
religious
The overwhelming majority of colonists were Protestants; Jews, Catholics, and Quakers suffered from the most serious discrimination known as _____________________ ______________________.
religious persecution
The largest single group of non-English immigrants did not come to America by choice; by 1775, the _____________________ population (slave and free) comprised 20 percent of the colonial population; about 90 percent were in the southern colonies.
African
_______________________________ occurred in Virginia 1676; frontier farmers wanted to a raise a militia and attack nearby tribes that were on land they wanted; the royal governor refused; the rebels marched to Jamestown and burned it; the rebellion died when the leader died; cited as an early example of populist uprising in America
Bacon's Rebellion
______________________________________ occurred because rebels felt the governor of Virginia failed to protect the frontier from Native American attacks; Royal Governor Berkeley was profiting off the trade with Indians...
Bacon's Rebellion
_______________________________occurred in colonial Virginia in 1675 when back country farmers (ex indentured servants) attacked Native Americans in an attempt to stop their attacks on their land.
Bacon's Rebellion
________________________was caused by the discontent of former indentured servants; the rebellion was crushed; however, it caused a move away from a dependence upon indentured servants to a dependence upon African slaves for labor purposes.
Bacon's Rebellion
The colony of Jamestown was founded as a ___________________________ venture; profit
Business
In 1664, the _______________ conquered the capital of the New Netherlands and renamed it New York.
English
The _________________ trade was a reason the Dutch established the New Netherlands.
Fur
Who founded Maryland?
George and Cecil Calvert
The __________________________ was a religious movement was at its peak in the 1730s and 1740s; characterized by fervent expressions of religious feeling among masses of people.
Great Awakening
The _____________________________ was a religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established.
Great Awakening
The ________________________________________ was a religious revival, in the 1730's and 1740's that attracted enormous audiences; because of it, American colonists began to think more independently and therefore challenge authority.
Great Awakening
In 1662, the ____________________________________ allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; it lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members
Half-Way Covenant
In the 1660s, the ______________________________________________ called for people to take part in church services and activities without making a formal commitment to Christ; it was created because the next generation of colonists were less committed to religious faith, but churches still needed members.
Half-Way Covenant
The _______________________________________________ applied to those members of the Puritan colonies who were the children of church members, but who hadn't achieved grace themselves; allowed them to participate in some church affairs.
Half-way Covenant
In 1619, just 12 years after the founding of Jamestown, Virginia's colonists organized the first representative assembly in America, the Virginia _______________________________________
House of Burgesses
In 1619, the __________________________________ was the first representative assembly in America; met once a year; made local laws in Virginia
House of Burgesses
The Virginia _______________________________________ was founded in 1619; it was the first elected legislature in the United States.
House of Burgesses
The _____________________________________ was the 1st legislative assembly; similar to Britain's Parliament; found in the colony of Virginia.
House of Burgesses
The _________________________________________ was the first elected legislative assembly in the New World; established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619; representative body set up by England to make laws and levy taxes; England could veto its' legislative acts.
House of Burgesses
The ______________________________________________ was the first elected legislative assembly in the New World; it was established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619; it was a representative assembly set up by England to make laws and levy taxes.
House of Burgesses
The _______________________________________________ was the first elected legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619; set up by England to make laws and levy taxes but England could veto its legislative acts.
House of Burgesses
The _________________________________________________ was the first elected legislative assembly in the New World; established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619; representative body set up by England to make laws and levy taxes; England could veto its legislative acts.
House of Burgesses
An _________________________________ was a migrant to British colonies in the Americas who paid for his passage by agreeing to work for a set term, ranging from four to seven years.
Indentured Servant
In 1607, _____________________________________ became the first permanent English colony in America was founded at this location; the Virginia Company, was a a joint-stock company chartered by England's King James that financed this colony.
Jamestown
__________________________________ was the first successful English settlement in the Virginia colony; founded in May, 1607.
Jamestown
______________________________________ was the first permanent English Settlement in North America; founded in 1607.
Jamestown
________________________ saved Jamestown by perfecting the cultivation of tobacco.
John Rolfe
____________________________________helped Jamestown develop a new variety of tobacco which became popular in Europe and became a profitable crop.
John Rolfe
Because of ____________________________________________________________ and his forceful leadership, Jamestown survived its first five years.
John Smith
_________________________ helped found and govern Jamestown; his leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter.
John Smith
A ________________________________________ was a business practice in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share the profits; 1st used to finance the Virginia colony
Joint Stock Company
Corporate colonies, such as Jamestown, were financed by __________-__________________________.
Joint-Stock companies
_____________________________was a preacher from Massachusetts argued that God was rightfully angry with human sinfulness; those who repented could be saved by God's grace, but those who did not would suffer eternal damnation.
Jonathan Edwards
_________________________ was an Indian leader who waged an unsuccessful war against Puritans in New England [Chief Metacom]
King Philip
_________________ War occurred in 1675 against the Puritans in New England, resulting in the English removing the Indian threat from New England. (Hint: Metacom)
King Philip's
__________________________________________________ occurred in 1675; a series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanoag's, led by a chief known as Metacon; the war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians; the colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion.
King Philip's War
_________________________ War was fought between the Native American tribes of New England and British colonists that took place from 1675-1676; the war was the result of tension caused by encroaching white settlers; the chief of the Wampanoags (Metacom), led the natives; the war ended Indian resistance in New England and left a hatred of whites.
King Phillip's
Native American tribes of New England fought British settlers taking their land, ________________________________ ended Indian resistance in New England;
King Phillip's War
________________________________ was founded in 1634 as a refuge for Catholics.
Maryland
The ________________________________Charter made this an independent colony; the British king cancelled it in 1686; it became a royal colony in 1691
Massachusetts
_________________________________ was one of the first settlements in New England; established in 1630; it became a major Puritan colony; Boston is located there and is a major trading center; this colony eventually absorbed the Plymouth community
Massachusetts
The ______________________________________ colony was founded in 1629; over 30,000 Puritans escaped religious persecution in England and migrated to the New World.
Massachusetts Bay
In 1686, the British king canceled the _________________________________ so that he could better control trade between the colonies and Britain. .
Massachusetts Charter
Puritans, desiring religious freedom, secured the _____________________________________ from the English King to form the Massachusetts Bay Company; the Puritans were granted self-rule in the New World.
Massachusetts Charter
The King of England issued the ___________________________________________ to Puritans so they could establish their own government in the New World.
Massachusetts's Charter
In 1620, Pilgrims sailed the _______________________to Plymouth.
Mayflower
In 1620, the ____________________________ sailed to Plymouth.
Mayflower
In 1620, while they were sailing to America on the Mayflower, the Pilgrims created the ________________________________________________that pledged them to make decisions by the will of the majority; it was a rudimentary written constitution.
Mayflower Compact
The _________________________________ was the 1st written government in the colonies; a democratic government created by the Pilgrims on their journey to the new world; majority rule.
Mayflower Compact
________________ was the British economic theory that stated that the earth held a limited supply of wealth and that Britain would gain power by controlling trade.
Mercantilism
_________________________ was the economic policy in which the colonies were to provide raw materials to the parent country of growth and profit of the parent country.
Mercantilism
___________________________ was the economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
Mercantilism
____________________________ was the economic policy in which the colonies provided raw materials to the parent country for growth and profit of the parent country.
Mercantilism
_________________________ was the Native American chief who fought against English colonists in the King Philip's War.
Metacom
New York, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania made up the ___________________________Colonies
Mid-Atlantic
New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware were _________-__________________ Colonies
Mid-Atlantic
The ______-________colonies were more diverse culturally and economically.
Mid-Atlantic
The ___________________Colonies were New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
Mid-Atlantic
The _____________________________ brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the West Indies.
Middle Passage
The ________________________________ referred to the sea voyage that carried Africans to North America; one leg of Trans-Atlantic trade
Middle Passage
_______________________________________ was the agitator who led poor former indentured servants and frontiersmen on a rampage against Indians and colonial government in 1675.
Nathaniel Bacon
_________________________________ Rebellion consisted of poor English colonists, who had been indentured servants; they staged an uprising against the governor of Virginia and his landowning supporters.
Nathaniel Bacon's
Between 1650 and 1673 England passed the ______________________ Acts which establish rules for colonial trade; Trade to and from the colonies could be carried only by English or colonial-built ships; the ships could be operated by English crews only; all goods imported in the colonies, except some perishables, had to pass through the ports in England; Specified goods from the colonies could be exported only to England.
Navigation Acts
Between 1650 and 1673 England passed the __________________________________ which established rules for colonial trade; Examples included: trade to and from the colonies could be carried out by English or colonial-built ships, and could only be operated by English or colonial crews.
Navigation Acts
The _______________________________________ were laws that governed trade between England and its colonies; colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England; these acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries.
Navigation Acts
The British conquered _____________________________ and renamed it New York; a diverse population kept alive this center of trade and commerce founded by the Dutch; the British invited them to remain there.
New Amsterdam
The Dutch settled the New Netherlands and its' capital became _____________________________________.
New Amsterdam
__________________________ was a settlement established by the Dutch near the mouth of Hudson River and the southern end of Manhattan Island; annexed by the English in 1664.
New Amsterdam
__________________________ was the capital of the New Netherlands; present day New York City
New Amsterdam
____________________________ was Dutch capital in the New World; situated near the mouth of Hudson River and the southern end of Manhattan Island
New Amsterdam
Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire made up the _______________________ Colonies.
New England
The _________________________Colonies were settled by Puritans/Pilgrims seeking freedom from religious persecution in Europe.
New England
____________________________ was the region made up of the northeastern part of the English colonies; comprised of Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
New England
The ______________________Colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Connecticut had economies based on trading, ship-building, fishing.
New England Colonies
_____________________________ was the Dutch colony founded by Henry Hudson on the Hudson River of modern day New York
New Netherland
The __________________________________consisted of land founded by the Dutch in the Hudson valley; the Dutch had no standing military, traded with Natives for furs, and wanted to tap directly into the wealth flowing out of North America; the English took this region over in 1664 and made it New York
New Netherlands
In 1664, King Charles II granted his brother, the Duke of York (future King James II) the land now known as _____________________________________.
New York
In 1681, Charles II awarded the land of ____________________________ to William Penn, in order to pay off a debt to his father; Penn established this colony as a refuge for Quakers
Pennsylvania
In 1681, ________________________________ was founded by William Penn; safe home for Quakers
Pennsylvania
William Penn founded _______________ as a safe place for the religiously tolerant Quakers.
Pennsylvania
_________________________ was founded by William Penn as a Quaker colony.
Pennsylvania
__________________________was one of the British colonies formed as a safe place for Quakers.
Pennsylvania
________________________ were Separatists; they moved to Holland, then in 1620, they sailed to America on the Mayflower in search of religious freedom; they established a new colony at Plymouth on the Massachusetts coast.
Pilgrims
_____________________________________were religious dissenters who wanted to leave the Church of England; they did not accept Anglican authority; they wanted autonomy for congregations; were subject to oppression and persecution in England
Pilgrims
The _____________________________ colony was founded by Separatists that wanted religious freedom from the Church of England; founded in 1620.
Plymouth
The _______________________________ Colony was founded by Separatist Pilgrims who came over on the Mayflower; located in Massachusetts, New England.
Plymouth
This ____________________________colony was started by the Pilgrims; in the first winter nearly half of them perished; they were helped by friendly American Indians and celebrated the first Thanksgiving in 1621.
Plymouth
The _______________________ Indians befriended the Jamestown colonists; showed them how to grow native crops.
Powhatan
The ________________________Indians were the original tribes in the area surrounding Jamestown; gave the settlers food, taught them the ways of the forests and introduced new crops (corn and yams); constantly warred with the settlers
Powhatan
________________________ was an Indian chieftain who dominated the peoples in the James River area; all the tribes loosely under his control formed a confederacy; fought two was against the English settlers at Jamestown.
Powhatan
________________________ was the Native American chief in Virginia; led a Confederacy; had many dealings with the colonists in Virginia including John Smith
Powhatan
_________________________________ was the Indian chief and founder of the Native American tribe in eastern Virginia; befriended and helped the colonists at 1st; he later fought them in two wars!
Powhatan
The colonies of Maryland and Pennsylvania were _______________________ colonies.
Proprietary
___________________________ Colonies were under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king; examples included Maryland and Pennsylvania.
Proprietary
_________________________________Colonies were under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the king, such as Maryland and Pennsylvania.
Proprietary
The ____________________________ were a religious group who wanted to change the Church of England; they came to the New World for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.
Puritans
________________________ were English Protestant dissenters who believed that God predestined souls to heaven or hell before birth; founded Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1629.
Puritans
_____________________________ were religious dissenters who wanted to "change" the Church of England; placed a great deal of emphasis on the Bible; subject to oppression and persecution in England
Puritans
The New England colonies were established by ____________& _______________; they practiced strict religious beliefs and were NOT tolerant (forgiving) of other religions.
Puritans & Pilgrims
_______________________________ were English dissenters who broke from Church of England; preached a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity; under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania
Quakers
_______________________________ were English dissenters who broke from Church of England; preached pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity; under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania
Quakers
_______________________________ were members of the Religious Society of Friends who believed in the equality of men and women, nonviolence, no ministers, and good relations with Native Americans
Quakers
___________________ was the capital of New France; located on the St. Lawrence River.
Quebec
In 1644, Parliament granted Roger Williams a charter, joining Providence and Portsmouth into a single colony called ______________________________.
Rhode Island
Roger Williams founded _____________________________ when he was expelled from Massachusetts for religious disagreements; he supported the separation of church and state and paying the Indians for their land.
Rhode Island
The colony of __________________was founded by Roger Williams and other religious dissenters; this colony was tolerant of other religions and Native Americans.
Rhode Island
_______________________________ was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams.
Rhode Island
________________________________ was a respected Puritan minister who believed that the individual's conscience was beyond the control of any civil or church authority; he was banished from the Massachusetts Bay colony for his beliefs; in 1636, he founded the settlement of Providence, Rhode Island.
Roger Williams
_________________________________________was expelled from Massachusetts Bay; he established Rhode Island for religious toleration.
Roger Williams
_____________________________________founded Rhode Island; believed that the Puritan leaders were too powerful; he was banished to Rhode Island for his religious beliefs.
Roger Williams
A ____________________ Colony was one under the direct control of a monarch
Royal
A _____________________colony was under the direct control of the English Crown
Royal
A ____________________colony was ruled by a governor who was appointed by the king or queen.
Royal
______________________ Colonies were under the direct authority and rule of the king's government, such as Virginia after 1624.
Royal
The _______________________________ led to the prosecution, imprisonment and execution of Puritans in Massachusetts between 1692 and 1693; it has come to represent religious extremism.
Salem Witch Trails
In a series of court hearings, over 150 Massachusetts colonists were tried for witchcraft; this became known as_________________________ and led to a decline in membership in the Puritan Church.
Salem Witch Trials
The _______________________________________in the 1680's and 1690's saw adolescent girls in Massachusetts, accuse a West Indian servant of voodoo, and hundreds of people (mostly women) of witchcraft (exercising of satanic powers); ended with 19 being put to death; the accused girls, admitted they fabricated their story; this was one of the many examples of hysteria and chaos that broke out due to the tensions that built in Puritan communities.
Salem Witch Trials
The _________________________________________ occurred in Massachusetts; Cotton Mather presided as the chief judge; 18 people were hung; afterwards, most of the people involved admitted that the trials and executions had been a terrible mistake.
Salem-Witch Trials
_________________________________________________ was the British colonial policy during the reigns of George I and George II; involved relaxed supervision of internal colonial affairs by royal bureaucrats; contributed significantly to the rise of American self-government.
Salutary Neglect
A ______________________________ is a person who is owned by another person and works without pay
Slave
________________________ was the state of being under the control of another person; Indians were the 1st in the New World
Slavery
_________________________________ was the condition of being owned by another person and being made to work without wages
Slavery
Georgia, Mayland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia made up the _________________________Colonies.
Southern
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, & Georgia were ______________________________ Colonies
Southern
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia were the _____________________Colonies; very rural with large farms or"plantations"; used slave labor; tobacco, cotton, indigo, and rice were grown with tobacco being the largest cash crop
Southern
The ____________________________ Colonies were made up of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
Southern
Jamestown survived because John Rolfe discovered the use of ____________________________; it was the first profitable crop grown in the new world.
Tobacco
___________________ was a cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown
Tobacco
_______________________ was the cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown
Tobacco
_______________________________ was the cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown [Brown Gold]
Tobacco
____________________quickly became a major cash crop and an important source of wealth in colonial Virginia.
Tobacco
At __________________________________in colonial New England, settlers discussed and voted on issues; this was possible because settlers lived in close proximity.
Town Meetings
Because people lived in close proximity, communities in New England were often run locally through _____________________.
Town Meetings
_________________________ were the dominant form of local government in the New England colonies; the people of the town would regularly come together to vote directly on public issues.
Town Meetings
The Navigation Acts controlled ______________-______________ trade by requiring that all goods shipped from the colonies were done so on British ships.
Trans-Atlantic
One example of trade on the ____________________-__________________ Trade route was rum, sugar and slaves.
Trans-Atlantic Trade
The ______-___________________________ route was across the Atlantic Ocean between the West Indies/North America, England, and Africa.
Trans-Atlantic Trade
Sir William Berkeley, the royal governor of ___________________ used dictatorial powers to govern on behalf of the large planters; his rule led to Bacon's Rebellion.
Virginia
The colony of ______________________________________ was originally started at Jamestown in 1607.
Virginia
England's King James I chartered the _________________________________;a joint-stock company that founded the first permanent English colony in America at Jamestown in 1607.
Virginia Company
The _______________________ was an English Joint Stock Company that planned to make money by sending people to America to find gold and ship the resources back to England.
Virginia Company
The ___________________________ was a Joint-Stock Company in London that received a charter for land in the new world; founded Jamestown as a business venture.
Virginia Company
The ________________________________ was a joint-stock company; founded in Jamestown in 1607 as a business venture.
Virginia Company
The ________________________________________ was a Joint-Stock Company in London that received a charter for land in the new world; the charter guaranteed new colonists same rights as people back in England; its' purpose was to make a profit for its investors.
Virginia Company
The __________________________________________ was the joint stock company given rights to land in the new world to settle for England; financed the settlement of Jamestown.
Virginia Company
In 1861, the royal family paid a large debt by granting _________________________________________ a large parcel of American land; this Quaker formed a colony that he named Pennsylvania.
William Penn
______________________ attempted to create a religious refuge for Quakers and other persecuted people; enacted liberal ideas of government; generated income and profits for himself; established fair and peaceful relations with Native Americans.
William Penn
_____________________________ was a Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.
William Penn
_______________________________ was the founder of Pennsylvania; it was a refuge for Quakers; all Christians were tolerated; exhibited friendly relations with Native Americans.
William Penn
Who founded Pennsylvania?
Wlliam Penn