1: Lateral Movement Lecture
Sports Specific Requirements in Lateral Movements: Tennis
-A tennis player needs to develop court awareness, reaction speed, deceleration speed, and footwork timing -Needs to be able to react quickly to ball, position body to create force, then get back and ready position to return hit
Agility
-Agility can be the primary determining factor to predict success in a sport -Coordinative abilities are often recognized to be most easily developed in preadolescence, which is considered to be an important time period for skill development
Sports Specific Requirements in Lateral Movements: Baseball/Softball Stealing
-Athletes body must go from a lateral stance (facing home plate) to linear acceleration 90 deg toward second base as efficient as possible -Covers ~ 80 feet (~25 meters) in 3.6 seconds --Left leg pushes off to get hips and shoulders over right leg --Right leg ER and pushes down and back into ground to start acceleration --Hands get into position to drive aggressive backward to increase the power of the push off from the legs --Shoulders lean forward of the lower body
Lateral Movement In Different Sports
-Change of direction (Planned?) -Agility (Unplanned?) --The ability to move and change direction and position of the body quickly and effectively while under control -Planned, unplanned change of direction -Change in speed or direction in response to a stimulus (another player, ball, voice command) -Movements can be initiated from various body alignments --Must react with strength, explosiveness, and quickness from these different positions
Cognitive Components of Agility
-Decision-making speed and accuracy --Visual scanning --Anticipation --Pattern recognition --Knowledge of stimulus
Sports Specific Requirements in Lateral Movements: Football
-Each play requires players to run one way and then change direction in a fraction of a second -Running back position requires the players to be the most agile of all --Requires to take the ball, look for a hole to burst through and make would-be tacklers miss him -Similar mechanics as baseball shuffle --Stay low, feet flat, toes straight, weight on inside foot. If possible, crossover step
What verbal cue will you use when measuring an athlete's "rate of torque development" capacity?
-Explosive, as fast and as strong as you can move
Biomechanical Factors Correlated with a Better Time to Complete a Change of Direction During a 75 Degree Cut
-Greater peak ankle power -Greater peak ankle plantar flexor movement -Less pelvis lateral tilt -Greater max thorax rotation toward cutting direction -Less ground contact time
What is Rate of Force Development?
-In human biomechanics: Rate of Torque Development (RTD) --The slode of the time-torque curve. RTD = Toruqe/Time --Usually taken from a short period of time (e.g., 50ms, 100ms, 200ms) -Different from "maximal torque" --Maximal torque reached within testing time (e.g. 5 seconds) -Both can be measured during isometric or isokinetic contractions -Related but different from "Power" -- Power = work/time
Physical Qualities Related to Agility Performance
-LE strength: Concentric, eccentric -LE Power, rate of force/torque development - Reactive strength: Drop jump and rebound for max height and minimal ground contact time -Acceleration speed: 10m spring -Decision making: Video game, VR -"Neuromuscular control of the pelvis is important during high-speed multidirectional sports providing the anchor to facilitate dynamic motion"
Sports Specific Requirements in Lateral Movements: Basketball
-Lateral shuffle of defensive slide --Push off from the trailing leg --Leading with leg quickly positioned wide enough to stop the momentum of the body yet not so wide that the player slips --Toes straight ahead, ankle DF, weight on balls of feet --Knees inside feet (no valgus), flexed --Hips level --Head still, eyes focused -Shoulders: Consciously attempt to be strong with the core control excessive movement, opponents
Sports Specific Requirements in Lateral Movements: Soccer
-Major reason for injuries --90 minutes playing time with variable intensity, uneven surface, quick reaction --732 cuts per game --Dealing with ball at feet
Key Components of Agility
-Strength -Power -Acceleration -Deceleration -Dynamic Flexilibty -Coordination -Balance -Cognitive decision-making A comprehensive ability program needs to address all these components
Physical Qualities Related to Agility Performance (Arm & Body)
Arm Action -Powerful arm movement during transitional and directional change is essential in order to re-acquire a high rate of speed Body Alignment -Maintaining a lower COM enables the athletes to move more quickly, decelerate, and re-accelerate, especially when needing to overcome the resistance of an opponent or object -Maintaining core stability and the athletic position will enable the athlete to supply maximum power
Questions to Think When Cutting
Can you decelerate? -Eccentric strength is key -> ability to put on the breaks and bring the bi\ody to a rapid stop Can you land with stability? -Is the proprioceptive system prepared to create a stable landing? Do you have the leg strength necessary not only to stop but also to restart movement? -Single/double leg reactive strength -Spring acceleration Agility?
