10 + 4,
True
(True or False) Any factor that increases the number of effective collisions increases the reaction rate.
False
(True or False) Doubling the concentration of a reactant always causes the reaction rate to double.
According to the collision theory, what must occur before a reaction takes place?
A collision must be present. Particles collide with sufficient force. Particles collide with the proper orientation.
In a given reaction, a catalyst
Accelerates both the forward and reverse reactions equally
The transitional structure between reactants and products is the
Activated complex
The highest point in an energy diagram most likely represents
Activation energy
If changing the concentration of a particular reactant has no effect on the rate of the reaction then
All of the above
Rate Law
An equation that mathematically describes how fast a reaction occurs.
A reaction mechanism is often comprised of two or more _____ steps
Elementary
Reaction with a - delta H is endothermic
False
Thermodynamics can answer the question "how fast will it react"
False
The reaction rate is independent of the number of effective collisions.
False. Dependent.
What does the reaction rate tell us?
How fast reactants change into products.
Heterogeneous
In a __________ reaction, the reactants exist in two different phases.
10°C
In general, for a reaction rate to double, a rise in temperature of how many degrees Celsius is required?
Name 2 reasons why temperature affect the reaction rate?
Increase the effective collision
The product of one elementary step and the reactant of the subsequent step is called ________
Intermediate
Is kinetics path independent or path dependent and what does that mean?
It is path dependent. It addresses how a reaction progresses from start to end
Is thermodynamics path independent or path dependent and what does that mean?
It is path independent. It goes from beginning to end and does not matter what happens in between
The rate law for the reaction 4HBr (g) + O₂ (g) → 2H₂O (g) + 2Br₂ (g) is this: rate = k[O2][HBr]. What will happen to the reaction rate if the HBr concentration is tripled?
It will triple
What are the 5 factors that affect reaction rates?
Nature of reactants: reactive substances will react quickly, while substances like noble gases rarely and never react. Concentration: Increasing the concentration usually increases the reaction rate, but sometimes does not affect the reaction rate at all. The effect of concentration varies and needs to be determined empirically Temperature: increasing temperature will increase the number and force of molecular collisions, therefore, increases the reaction rate. In general, the reaction rate doubles for every 10 C rise in temperature. Surface Area: Increasing the surface area will allow more collisions to happen during a period of time, therefore, it helps to increase the reaction rate Presence of Catalysts: Catalysts help to increase the reaction rate by reducing the activation energy or changing the reaction mechanism.
Which of these factors does not significantly affect some reaction rates
Pressure
Heterogeneous
Solid materials that are capable of absorbing molecules of gases or liquids onto their surfaces are called _________ catalysts.
What are chemical reactions based on?
The collision theory
Rate-determining
The elementary step that is the slowest of a reaction mechanism and therefore limits how fast the reaction will occur is called the ___________ step.
Reaction Order
The exponent in the rate law of a reaction indicates how the rate of a reaction is affected by the reactant's concentration.
Kinetics definition
The study of the rates of reactions and the steps by which they occur
A homogeneous reaction is one in which all the reactants and products are in the same phase.
True
An inhibitor is used to reduce a catalyst's undesirable effects, such as the spoiling of food.
True
Kinetics can be described as a path-dependent study
True
Kinetics deals with the speed of reactions.
True
A catalyst does not affect the concentration of products formed in a reaction; it affects only the rate at which they are produced.
True.
Even if DG is negative, the reaction may not occur spontaneously.
True.
Surface area can affect a reaction rate.
True. .
Pharmacokinetics
What is the term for the study of how the human body processes medication?
The process of molecules of one substance collecting on the surface of another is called
adsorption.
+ΔH; Endothermic
an energy diagram that is higher on the right side than on the left side has what kind of ΔH? Is it endo- or exothermic?
A substance that changes a reaction rate without being permanently changed or consumed by the reaction is a(n) ______.
catalyst.
Particles must ________ before they react
collide
What do the square brackets around reactants in a rate law formula represent?
concentration of reactants in terms of mol/L
Which of the following is a special and distinct class of catalysts composed of naturally occurring biological substances?
enzyme
How must rate laws be determined?
experimentally
Rate laws are determined ______
experimentally.
A thermodynamically favorable reaction proceeds spontaneously.
false
Spontaneous actions always occur rapidly.
false
In a(n) __________ reaction, all the reactants and products are in the same phase or state of matter.
homogeneous
A(n) ______ is the product of one elementary step and the reactant of the next.
intermediate
An energy diagram that shows a small activation energy level with a high DG shows that the reaction will most likely
occur.
Temperature rule of thumb
reaction rates double for every 10°C rise in temperature
During equilibrium, Concentrations of products/reactions eventually ___________.
stabilize
Any factor that increases the number of effective collisions increases the reaction rate.
true
