10 + 4,

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True

(True or False) Any factor that increases the number of effective collisions increases the reaction rate.

False

(True or False) Doubling the concentration of a reactant always causes the reaction rate to double.

According to the collision theory, what must occur before a reaction takes place?

A collision must be present. Particles collide with sufficient force. Particles collide with the proper orientation.

In a given reaction, a catalyst

Accelerates both the forward and reverse reactions equally

The transitional structure between reactants and products is the

Activated complex

The highest point in an energy diagram most likely represents

Activation energy

If changing the concentration of a particular reactant has no effect on the rate of the reaction then

All of the above

Rate Law

An equation that mathematically describes how fast a reaction occurs.

A reaction mechanism is often comprised of two or more _____ steps

Elementary

Reaction with a - delta H is endothermic

False

Thermodynamics can answer the question "how fast will it react"

False

The reaction rate is independent of the number of effective collisions.

False. Dependent.

What does the reaction rate tell us?

How fast reactants change into products.

Heterogeneous

In a __________ reaction, the reactants exist in two different phases.

10°C

In general, for a reaction rate to double, a rise in temperature of how many degrees Celsius is required?

Name 2 reasons why temperature affect the reaction rate?

Increase the effective collision

The product of one elementary step and the reactant of the subsequent step is called ________

Intermediate

Is kinetics path independent or path dependent and what does that mean?

It is path dependent. It addresses how a reaction progresses from start to end

Is thermodynamics path independent or path dependent and what does that mean?

It is path independent. It goes from beginning to end and does not matter what happens in between

The rate law for the reaction 4HBr (g) + O₂ (g) → 2H₂O (g) + 2Br₂ (g) is this: rate = k[O2][HBr]. What will happen to the reaction rate if the HBr concentration is tripled?

It will triple

What are the 5 factors that affect reaction rates?

Nature of reactants: reactive substances will react quickly, while substances like noble gases rarely and never react. Concentration: Increasing the concentration usually increases the reaction rate, but sometimes does not affect the reaction rate at all. The effect of concentration varies and needs to be determined empirically Temperature: increasing temperature will increase the number and force of molecular collisions, therefore, increases the reaction rate. In general, the reaction rate doubles for every 10 C rise in temperature. Surface Area: Increasing the surface area will allow more collisions to happen during a period of time, therefore, it helps to increase the reaction rate Presence of Catalysts: Catalysts help to increase the reaction rate by reducing the activation energy or changing the reaction mechanism.

Which of these factors does not significantly affect some reaction rates

Pressure

Heterogeneous

Solid materials that are capable of absorbing molecules of gases or liquids onto their surfaces are called _________ catalysts.

What are chemical reactions based on?

The collision theory

Rate-determining

The elementary step that is the slowest of a reaction mechanism and therefore limits how fast the reaction will occur is called the ___________ step.

Reaction Order

The exponent in the rate law of a reaction indicates how the rate of a reaction is affected by the reactant's concentration.

Kinetics definition

The study of the rates of reactions and the steps by which they occur

A homogeneous reaction is one in which all the reactants and products are in the same phase.

True

An inhibitor is used to reduce a catalyst's undesirable effects, such as the spoiling of food.

True

Kinetics can be described as a path-dependent study

True

Kinetics deals with the speed of reactions.

True

A catalyst does not affect the concentration of products formed in a reaction; it affects only the rate at which they are produced.

True.

Even if DG is negative, the reaction may not occur spontaneously.

True.

Surface area can affect a reaction rate.

True. .

Pharmacokinetics

What is the term for the study of how the human body processes medication?

The process of molecules of one substance collecting on the surface of another is called

adsorption.

+ΔH; Endothermic

an energy diagram that is higher on the right side than on the left side has what kind of ΔH? Is it endo- or exothermic?

A substance that changes a reaction rate without being permanently changed or consumed by the reaction is a(n) ______.

catalyst.

Particles must ________ before they react

collide

What do the square brackets around reactants in a rate law formula represent?

concentration of reactants in terms of mol/L

Which of the following is a special and distinct class of catalysts composed of naturally occurring biological substances?

enzyme

How must rate laws be determined?

experimentally

Rate laws are determined ______

experimentally.

A thermodynamically favorable reaction proceeds spontaneously.

false

Spontaneous actions always occur rapidly.

false

In a(n) __________ reaction, all the reactants and products are in the same phase or state of matter.

homogeneous

A(n) ______ is the product of one elementary step and the reactant of the next.

intermediate

An energy diagram that shows a small activation energy level with a high DG shows that the reaction will most likely

occur.

Temperature rule of thumb

reaction rates double for every 10°C rise in temperature

During equilibrium, Concentrations of products/reactions eventually ___________.

stabilize

Any factor that increases the number of effective collisions increases the reaction rate.

true


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