10. Sensory, Lecture Questions
Describe the process in which sound waves are conducted to the Organ of Corti (aka: spiral organ)
1. Sound waves enter the auditory canal and vibrate the tympanic membrane, which vibrates the ossicles in the middle ear (the malleus, the incus, and stapes) 2. The sound waves or vibrations are then sent through the oval window, making vibrations or waves in the fluid in the canals of the ear. 3. The waves in the fluid of the inner ear, stimulates hearing receptors that are located in the Organ of Corti (spiral organ) in the cochlea which send information to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum.
What is the correct sequence for lacrimal fluid production and drainage?
1. Tears are produced by the lacrimal gland 2. Tears disperse medially across the surface of the eye 3. Fluid enters the lacrimal canaliculi and collects in the lacrimal sac 4. Fluid drains through the nasolacrimal duct 5. Fluid enters the nasal cavity
Farsightedness is due to a:
A shortened eyball
The anterior cavity of the eye is filled with ______, a clear fluid similar to blood plasma.
Aqueous humor
Which of the following is part of the inner (neural) tunic of the eye? A. ciliary body B. retina C. choroid coat D. sclera E. cornea
B. retina
Which of the following structures is NOT involved in hearing? A. Ossicles B. Cochlea C. Semicircular canals D. Pinna
C. Semicircular canals Semicircular canals are involved with dynamic equilibrium (maintenance of balance while spinning or moving in different directions)
Which of the following is NOT a color pigment found in cones? A. red B. green C. yellow D. blue
C. yellow
In which structure does absorption of light rays occur in the eye?
Choroid
The lens of the eye rounds up or bulges for ______ vision.
Close
The mucous membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids is called the:
Conjunctiva
The fibrous tunic is the outermost layer of the eyeball: in the front it is clear, forming the _____, but the major areas are white and form the ______.
Cornea Sclera
What structures are involved in light refraction? To what extent does contribute?
Cornea (80%) Lens (20%) *Note the biggest role of the lens is accommodation.
Which of the following structures have hair cells receptors? A. cochlea B. semicircular canals C. vestibule D. All of the choices are correct
D. All of the choices are correct
What is the function of the Eustachian (auditory) tube?
Equalizes air pressure in the middle ear
The three pairs of muscles attached to the outside of the eyeball that are used for eye movement are called __________ muscles.
Extrinsic muscles
Both rods and cones are found with the same density in the entire retina (True/False)
False. Rods are more concentrated in the periphery of the retina, while cones are more concentrated in the central of the retina.
The _____ is the outermost layer of the eyeball. In the front it is clear, forming the ______. The surrounding areas are white and form the ____.
Fibrous tunic Cornea Sclera
The cones are most densely packed in the:
Fovea centralis
What is the area that contains only cones for the most acute vision?
Fovea centralis
What part of the retina is responsible for the sharpest vision?
Fovea centralis
What is the function of the rods?
Function in dim light
The buildup of pressure do to an increased amount of aqueous humor is known as:
Glaucoma
The sets of color receptors (cones) in the retina contain photopigments that are:
Green, blue, and red.
______, or taste, is the sensation and perception of chemicals dissolved in saliva.
Gustation
Where is the greatest concentration of cones located?
In the fovea centralis
Where would you find the protein crystallin?
In the lens
In the front of the eye, the vascular tunic forms the:
Iris
The muscle that controls the amount of light that enters the eye through the pupil is the:
Iris
The anterior and posterior cavities of the eye are separated by the:
Lens
What is the purpose of blinking of the eyes?
Lubricate and remove debris from eye surface
Name the three ossicles in order from lateral to medial.
Malleus Incus stapes
Conduction deafness may be due to damage to the:
Malleus, incus, and stapes
The Eustachian (auditory) tube connects the throat with the:
Middle ear
The choroid
Middle layer of the eye that furnishes nourishment to the eye via blood vessels. It includes the iris
People who can see close objects better than those far away have:
Myopia
_______, or smell, is the sensation and perception of chemicals dissolved in the fluids of the nasal membrane.
Olfaction
Where does the visual pathway cross so that each optic tract carries impulses from the opposite visual field?
Optic chiasma
What part of the retina lacks photoreceptors?
Optic disc
The place where the optic nerve exits the eye is the:
Optic disc (blind spot)
The photopigment rhodopsin is found in:
Rods
Compare and contrast rods and cones in terms of their number, location, pigment content, and abilities to assist in sharp vision, color vision, and night vision.
Rods contain rhodopsin and are more numerous, more peripheral and specialized for night vision. Cones contain photopsins and are responsible for sharp color vision.
Protection and support is the protection of which layer of the eye?
Sclera
If you enter a fish market and smell the strong fishy odor, but the odor quickly seems to fade away, you have experienced:
Sensory adaptation
What are the primary taste sensations?
Sweet Salty Bitter Sour Umami
The middle and inner ear are housed within the _______ bone.
Temporal
Describe the focusing process of the eye:
The focusing of the eye, or accommodation, is the result of the contraction and relaxation of the ciliary muscle. When an object is near, the ciliary muscle contracts and the lens becomes round so the object is in focus on the retina. When an object is far away, the ciliary muscle relaxes and the lens flattens.
What is the function of eyebrows?
They prevent sweat, water, and debris from falling into the eyes, but are also involved with communication and facial expression.
The function(s) of the ossicles in hearing is (are):
To magnify the sound waves about 20 times and transfer the sound waves to the fluid of the inner ear.
Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but cones are more important for color vision (true/false)
True
Floaters that cast shadows on the visual receptors are usually located in the _______ humor.
Vitreous
_______ humor function to support the shape of the retina and helps to maintain the shape of the eye against the pressure of the extrinsic muscles.
Vitreous
The posterior cavity of the eye is filled with _____, a jelly-like substance which is produced before birth and is not replaced.
Vitreous humor
Changing the shape of the lens for near and far vision is called:
accommodation
During youth, the lens is flexible, which allows us to ____. The process is called _______.
alter its shape to focus on nearby or distant objects; accommodation.
The function of the ossicles is to:
amplify sound waves and transmit them to the inner ear.
Tears contain ______ and ______, which protect the eye from bacteria.
antibodies; lysozyme
The anterior compartment of the eye is filled with a fluid called the:
aqueous humor
The clouding of the lens is called:
cataracts
The lens is held in place by the:
ciliary body
High acuity vision is provided by ______.
cones
Sharp, color vision is a result of the function of:
cones
Most of the light-bending (refraction) which results in an image forming on the retina is due to the _______.
cornea
After being funneled by the auricle, sound waves pass (in sequence) through the:
external auditory (acoustic) meatus, tympanic membrane, ossicles, oval window
People who can see far objects better than those that are close have:
hyperopia
The olfactory receptors are located:
in the roof of the nasal cavity
The cochlea is part of the:
inner ear
The structure that produces tears is called the:
lacrimal apparatus
Treatment for cataract usually removes the:
lens
An emotional response to an odor means that the ________ is involved.
limbic system
Destruction of the macula lutea that contains the fovea centralis results in:
macular degeneration
Blindness caused by abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina is:
macular degeneration (wet type)
The ossicles are part of the:
middle ear
What structure is connected to the nasopharynx by the eustachian (auditory) tube?
middle ear
Astigmatism is due to a(an):
misshapened cornea or lens
Worldwide, blindness is most commonly caused by changes in the:
neural tunic (nervous tunic)
The external auditory canal is part of the _______ (outer, middle, inner) ear.
outer ear
What structure does the stapes attach to?
oval window
The gustatory (taste) area of the cerebrum is located in the:
parietal lobe and insula
Age-related decline in hearing is called:
presbycusis
What is the function of the iris?
regulates the size of the pupil
Photoreceptors are located in the:
retina
Conscious awareness of incoming sensory information is called:
sensation
Nearshightedness is due to a(an):
shortened eyeball
Name the special senses that are detected by chemoreceptors.
taste and olfaction
The auditory cortex is called the:
temporal lobe
The olfactory area of the cerebrum is located in the:
temporal lobe
Visual acuity is measure by comparison with the AVERAGE. I fone has 20/20 vision, it means that one sees as clearly at 20 feet a:
the average person sees at 20 feet
The sensory receptors for taste are located in:
the taste buds
The eye is composed of three layers, called _____.
tunics
What separates the outer ear from the middle ear?
tympanic membrane
The ______ is the middle layer of the wall of the eyeball.
vascular tunic
The gelatinous mass inside of the eye is called the:
vitreous humor
The posterior compartment of the eye is filled with a clear gel called the:
vitreous humor