1st 100 APES
62. Of the following sources, which supplies the most commercial energy in the world today? (A) Solar (B) Oil (C) Biomass (D) Nuclear (E) Hydroelectric
(B) Oil
23. Represents the biotic potential of the species
A
33. If a city of population 10,000 experiences 100 births, 40 deaths, 10 immigrants, and 30 emigrants in the course of a year, what is its net annual percentage growth rate? (A) 0.4% (B) 0.8% (C) 1.0% (D) 4.0% (E) 8.0%
A) 0.4%
4. The maximum efficiency possible in an energy conversion process that is not limited by the second law of thermodynamics. (A) 100% (B) 95% (C) 30% (D) 15% (E) 1%
A) 100%
92. The drop in stratospheric ozone levels in the Southern Hemisphere (the "ozone hole") is most evident during which season? (A) Antarctic spring (October) (B) Antarctic autumn (April) (C) Antarctic summer only (January) (D) Antarctic winter only (July) (E) Both Antarctic summer and Antarctic winter (January and July)
A) Antarctic spring (October)
20. Country with the greatest percentage of land area affected by desertification... Australia Brazil Chile Russia United States of America
A) Australia
41. An industry uses natural gas for manufacturing and uses the waste heat to produce electricity. This is an example of which of the following processes? (A) Cogeneration (B) Electrolysis (C) Gas hydration (D) Gasification (E) Reclamation
A) Cogeneration
77. Which of the following is a process that indirectly removes carbon from Earth's atmosphere? (A) Formation of carbonate deposits (B) Outgassing by volcanoes (C) Respiration by mammals (D) Respiration by anaerobic bacteria (E) Photodissociation by ultraviolet light
A) Formation of carbonate deposits.
27. Which of the following energy sources is not derived directly or indirectly from solar energy? (A) Geothermal (B) Photovoltaic (C) Hydroelectric (D) Biomass (E) Wind
A) Geothermal
25. The most commonly used measure of the economic growth of a country is which of the following? (A) Gross national product (B) Level of exports (C) Level of imports (D) Fertility rate (E) Externalized costs
A) Gross national product
36. Negative environmental impacts associated with large-scale hydroelectric projects have been demonstrated in which of the following areas? (A) James Bay, Quebec (B) Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania (C) Kissimmee River, Florida (D) Mono Lake, California (E) Aral Sea, former USSR
A) James Bay, Quebec
72. The major human health problem related to radon accumulation is... (A) lung cancer (B) heart disease (C) pancreatic cancer (D) cataracts (E) malignant melanoma
A) Lung cancer.
63. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas that is also a by-product of anaerobic respiration? (A) Methane, CH4 (B) Nitrogen, N2 (C) Oxygen, O2 (D) Nitrogen dioxide, NO2 (E) Hydrogen sulfide, H2S
A) Methane, CH4
12. Ammonia is converted to nitrite, then to nitrate. Nitrification Denitrification Assimilation Ammonification Nitrogen fixation
A) Nitrification
78. Which of the following is the best explanation of the fact that agricultural production on floodplains is often relatively high? (A) On floodplains, soils tend to be nutrient-rich and fertile. (B) On floodplains, high water tables make irrigation unnecessary. (C) Periodic flooding leaches toxic pollutants out of floodplain soils. (D) Periodic flooding prevents the pH of floodplain soils from becoming too high. (E) Floodplains are usually sparsely settled and thus more acreage is available for agriculture.
A) On floodplains, soils tend to be nutrient-rich and fertile.
8. The most abundant element in Earth's crust A) Oxygen (B) Aluminum (C) Iron (D) Nitrogen (E) Argon
A) Oxygen
6. The process in which glucose is synthesized by plants (A) Photosynthesis (B) Eutrophication (C) Denitrification (D) Decomposition (E) Transpiration
A) Photosynthesis
89. Of the following, which is the best example of reclamation of disturbed lands? (A) Restoring vegetation to an area that has been mined (B) Constructing a new wetland to compensate for the loss of wetlands (C) Growing crops on land formerly used for grazing (D) Reintroducing an endangered species into an area from which it has disappeared (E) Regulating the use of a natural resource in order for it to renew itself
A) Restoring vegetation to an area that has been mined
15. Most often cited as the causative factor for acid deposition Sulfur dioxide Lead Ozone Hydrocarbons Particulates
A) Sulfur dioxide
28. Which of the following best exemplifies global collaboration for a sustainable environment? (A) The Montreal Protocol (B) The Antarctic Treaty of 1961 (C) The Clean Air Act of 1972 (D) CERCLA (Superfund) (E) NAFTA
A) The Montreal Protocol
73. Why do introduced species often become pests? (A) They displace native species. (B) They increase biodiversity. (C) They do not adapt well to local habitats. (D) They contribute to habitat fragmentation. (E) They have low biotic potential.
A) They displace native species.
45. A state highway was constructed over wetlands. The state obtained a permit to fill the existing wetlands in accordance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act of 1972, and agreed to create another wetland. This trade-off approach to addressing an environmental issue is known as... (A) mitigation (B) restoration (C) preservation (D) remediation (E) sustainability
A) mitigation
48. An advantage of recycling aluminum rather than disposing of it in landfills is that aluminum can be... (A) produced from recycled metal using much less energy than is required for its production from bauxite (aluminum ore) (B) produced from ore that is chemically reactive and dangerous to transport, store, and process (C) produced from ore that is scarce and found primarily in remote, inhospitable regions at high latitudes (D) absorbed by plants and then biomagnified in both terrestrial and aquatic food chains (E) leached from landfills in the form of Al3+ions that could increase the pH of lakes and streams
A) produced from recycled metal using much less energy than is required for its production from bauxite (aluminum ore)
3. Approximate percentage of electric energy converted to heat in the average incandescent light bulb (A) 100% (B) 95% (C) 30% (D) 15% (E) 1%
B) 95%
11. The element commercially extracted from bauxite... A) Oxygen (B) Aluminum (C) Iron (D) Nitrogen (E) Argon
B) Aluminum
14. Nitrate ions and nitrite ions are converted into nitrous oxide gas and nitrogen gas (N2). Nitrification Denitrification Assimilation Ammonification Nitrogen fixation
B) Dentrification
83. At the current rate of growth, Earth's human population will double in about 50 years. Which of the following is the LEAST viable strategy for ensuring adequate nutrition for a population of this size? (A) Increasing the number of new food crops from the great diversity of plant species (B) Doubling the area of arable land on a global basis (C) Developing systems for making the global distribution of food more equitable (D) Increasing the area of land that is currently dedicated to grain production by reducing the area dedicated to meat production (E) Assisting developing countries in using highly efficient crop irrigation systems
B) Doubling the area of arable land on a global basis
51. Which of the following methods of agricultural irrigation results in the loss of the least amount of water by evaporation? A) Conventional center-pivot irrigation (B) Drip irrigation (C) Laser-level irrigation (D) Flood irrigation (E) Gravity-flow irrigation
B) Drip irrigation
34. Which of the following statements about genetic diversity is true? (A) Genetic uniformity of a crop increases the crop's overall resistance to pests and disease. (B) Genetic resistance to pests and diseases can be increased by crossing a crop plant with ancestral varieties. (C) Genetic engineering technology is used to increase genetic diversity by creating new species with synthetic genes. (D) Genetic diversity within populations of common crop species such as corn is typically high. (E) Genetic diversity is usually high in endangered species.
B) Genetic resistance to pests and diseases can be increased by crossing a crop plant with ancestral varieties.
16. Implicated in human neurological damage... Sulfur dioxide Lead Ozone Hydrocarbons Particulates
B) Lead
96. If mean global temperature keeps on increasing as predicted by contemporary scientists, which of the following is most likely? A) There will be fewer insect pests and disease-carrying organisms. (B) Specialist species living in fragile ecosystems will risk extinction. (C) There will be an increase in sulfate concentrations in wetlands. (D) There will be an increase in the reproductive rate of mammals. (E) The geographical range of many plants will move toward the equator.
B) Specialist species living in fragile ecosystems will risk extinction.
79. The increase in the size of Earth's human population in the last century has been dramatic. Which of the following identifies two major contributors to this increase? (A) New methods of agriculture and the identification of new food crops (B) The Industrial Revolution and modem medicine (C) Increased emigration/immigration and decreased warfare (D) New methods of birth control and decreased warfare (E) Increased education for women and the development of new pesticides
B) The Industrial Revolution and modern medicine
38. Which of the following factors is fundamentally responsible for seasons on Earth? (A) The varying distance of Earth from the Sun (B) The tilt of Earth's axis of rotation (C) The latitudinal variation in temperature and precipitation (D) The tidal pull of the Sun and Moon (E) The anthropogenic greenhouse effect
B) The tilt of Earth's axis of rotation
30. The presence of fecal coliform bacteria in a sample of river water suggests which of the following? (A) The pH of the river is very high. (B) The water is contaminated with animal waste. (C) The river is devoid of plant life. (D) The dissolved oxygen level of the river is high. (E) Fish caught from the river will be free of parasites.
B) The water is contaminated with animal waste.
81. Which of the following natural events would be most likely to contribute to the cooling of Earth's atmosphere? (A) Earthquake (B) Volcanism (C) Hurricane (D) Tsunami (E) Monsoon
B) Volcanism
37. A country with an age distribution like that shown in the figure above, is most likely a country that (A) is experiencing rapid growth (B) is experiencing slow or no population growth (C) is experiencing a high death rate (D) has 40% of the population under age 15 (E) is a less-developed country
B) is experiencing slow or no population growth
46. Information gathered by a scientist about the toxicity of chemical X and chemical Y showed that they had individual safe limits for fish at particular concentrations. But when they were used together at the safe concentrations, there were extensive fish kills. This is an example of... (A) homeostasis (B) synergism (C) commensalism (D) bioaccumulation (E) antagonism
B) synergism
54. The major source of radon in houses in the United States is... (A) furniture and carpets (B) the underlying bedrock (C) the troposphere (D) nuclear power plants (E) fossil-fuel combustion
B) the underlying bedrock
47. The polar regions radiate away more heat energy than they receive from the Sun in the course of a year. However, they are prevented from becoming progressively colder each year primarily by the... (A) absorption of ultraviolet radiation by snow (B) transport of heat through the atmosphere and oceans (C) concentration of Earth's magnetic field lines at the poles (D) release of latent heat to the atmosphere when the polar ice caps melt (E) generation of heat by glacial movement
B) transport of heat through the atmosphere and oceans
57. Integrated waste management employs all of the following EXCEPT (A) using refillable soft-drink bottles (B) using disposable diapers instead of cloth diapers (C) using reusable canvas bags instead of plastic or paper bags (D) using tires for the construction of artificial reefs (E) redesigning automobiles to replace steel parts with aluminum and plastic parts
B) using disposable diapers instead of cloth diapers
24. Represents the growth of a population predicted by the logistic model
C
64. If the population of a country grows at a rate of approximately 5 percent per year, the number of years required for the population to double is closest to (A) 5 years B) 10 years (C) 15 years (D) 25 years (E) 35 years
C) 15 years
1. Approximate efficiency of an average coal-fired power plant (A) 100% (B) 95% (C) 30% (D) 15% (E) 1%
C) 30%
50. The current global human population is about 6.1 billion and is growing at an annual rate of 1.35 percent. If world population were to grow at this rate for the next year, approximately how many people would be added? (A) 8 x 10^5 (B) 8 x 10^6 (C) 8 x 10^7 ( D) 8 x 10^8 (E) 8x10^9
C) 8 x 10^7
52. Which of the following components of a wastewater treatment plant is designed to facilitate the decomposition of organic material by aerobic microorganisms? (A) Bar screen (B) Grit-settling tank (C) Activated-sludge tank (D) Chlorination tank (E) Ultraviolet-light array
C) Activated-sludge tank
13. Plant roots absorb ammonium ions and nitrate ions for use in making molecules such as DNA, amino acids, and proteins. Nitrification Denitrification Assimilation Ammonification Nitrogen fixation
C) Assimilation
7. The process by which a soil nutrient is reduced and released to the atmosphere as a gas (A) Photosynthesis (B) Eutrophication (C) Denitrification (D) Decomposition (E) Transpiration
C) Dentrification
70. Which of the following identifies the two factors thought to be the most harmful to biodiversity? (A) Acid deposition and increased use of fertilizers for agriculture (B) Depletion of the ozone layer and oil drilling (C) Destruction of habitat and invasion by nonnative species (D) Changes in climate and proliferation of endemic species (E) Global warming and decline in fisheries
C) Destruction of habitat and invasion by nonnative species
67. Which of the following is the primary environmental problem associated with the use of nuclear power to generate electricity? (A) Radon leaking into buildings (B) Production of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (C) Disposal of radioactive waste (D) Depletion of the ozone layer (E) Production of acid rain
C) Disposal of radioactive waste
76. Stratospheric ozone depletion is most likely to result in which of the following? (A) Increased growth of food crops due to increasing amounts of ultraviolet radiation (B) Extended grazing season for cattle (C) Disruption of photosynthesis in plants (D) Increased movement of the human population toward equatorial regions (E) A higher percentage of cloudless days
C) Disruption of photosynthesis in plants.
39. If wastewater treatment plant effluent that contains nitrates and. phosphates is allowed to flow into a body of water, which of the following may result? (A) Chlorination (B) Decomposition (C) Eutrophication (D) Oxygenation (E) Methylation
C) Eutrophication
59. Economic benefits of building large dams include which of the following? I. Storage of water for agriculture and domestic use II. Controlling floods upstream III. Production of renewable energy (A) I only (B) II only (C) I and III only (D) II and III only (E) I, II, and III
C) I and III only (Storage of water for agriculture and domestic use, production of renewable energy).
10. The most abundant element in Earth's core A) Oxygen (B) Aluminum (C) Iron (D) Nitrogen (E) Argon
C) Iron
97. Photosynthesis is the major source of which of the following gases in Earth's atmosphere? (A) CO2 (B) H2O (water vapor) (C) O2 (D) H2 (E) N2
C) O2
17. Considered harmful in the troposphere but beneficial in the stratosphere... Sulfur dioxide Lead Ozone Hydrocarbons Particulates
C) Ozone
82. Even if a country reduces its birth rate and maintains replacement level fertility, its population will still continue to grow for several decades because of... (A) Lower death rates. (B) Increased income. (C) Population momentum. (D) Better health care. (E) Increased life expectancy.
C) Population momentum.
31. Which of the following best helps to explain why phosphorus is often a limiting factor in many ecosystems? (A) There is usually a gaseous phase in the phosphorus cycle. (B) Phosphorus cycles very quickly through environments. (C) Under many conditions, phosphorus forms stable insoluble compounds. (D) Phosphate is not readily taken up by plants. (E) There are no anthropogenic sources of phosphorus.
C) Under many conditions, phosphorus forms stable insoluble compounds.
49. As urbanization increases and natural soil surfaces are covered, the groundwater supply is reduced due to... (A) increased evaporation and transpiration (B) decreased surface runoff (C) loss of recharge area (D) confinement of aquifers (E) capping of artesian wells
C) loss of recharge area
55. The data in the graph can be useful in explaining the greenhouse effect when they are compared with... (A) volcanic activity (B) sunspot activity (C) mean global temperatures (D) annual nitrous oxide production (E) cycles of flooding and drought
C) mean global temperatures
53. Ozone in the stratosphere is most important to life at Earth's surface because it absorbs (A) gamma rays (B) microwaves (C) ultraviolet light (D) visible light (E) x-rays
C) ultraviolet light
90. If the annual consumption of petroleum in the United States is about 23 barrels per capita, the total annual consumption of petroleum in the United States is closest to... (A) 12 million barrels (B) 240 million barrels (C) 2 billion barrels (D) 6 billion barrels (E) 10 billion barrels
D) 6 billion barrels
5. The rapid rate of this process in tropical forests results in low-nutrient soils (A) Photosynthesis (B) Eutrophication (C) Denitrification (D) Decomposition (E) Transpiration
D) Decomposition
43. Critics of incineration of municipal solid waste suggest that it may not be the best solution for the future, for which of the following reasons? (A) Incineration produces ash that increases landfill volume. (B) Incineration generates methane. (C) Incineration involves advanced technology. (D) Incineration contributes to air pollution. (E) Incineration requires large energy input.
D) Incineration contributes to air pollution
69. The chart above compares the daily water use per person to the price of water in selected countries. Which of the following conclusions can be correctly drawn using only the data in the chart? (A) Water use and water price are directly proportional. (B) Increased water use causes prices to decline. (C) Increased prices cause water use to decline. (D) Increased water use is generally correlated with lower water prices. (E) Water is more plentiful in the United States and Canada than in the other countries.
D) Increased water use is generally correlated with lower water prices.
58. Which of the following pairs of indicators best reflects the availability of health care in a country? (A) Crude death rate and growth rate (B) Growth rate and life expectancy (C) Infant mortality rate and crude death rate (D) Infant mortality rate and life expectancy
D) Infant mortality rate and life expectancy
9. The most abundant element in Earth's atmosphere A) Oxygen (B) Aluminum (C) Iron (D) Nitrogen (E) Argon
D) Nitrogen
65. The major cause for the decline in the worldwide catch of fish since 1990 is (A) acid deposition (B) escalating price of fuel (C) competition from aquaculture (D) overfishing (E) decline in market price
D) Overfishing.
42. The water-holding capacity of soil is LEAST likely to be affected by the addition of which of the following? (A) Clay (B) Humus (C) Manure (D) Pesticide (E) Sand
D) Pesticide
95. Which of the following is the usual cause of cultural eutrophication in surface waters of both developed and developing countries? (A) Lack of proper filtration devices for power plant effluents (B) Introduction of cyanobacteria to .streams and rivers (C) Runoff of metal ions in bodies of water (D) Runoff of nitrate compounds into bodies of water (E) Runoff of herbicides into bodies of water
D) Runoff of nitrate compounds into bodies of water
19. Country with the largest area of boreal forests Australia Brazil Chile Russia United States of America
D) Russia
100. Which statement best describes the approximate global distribution of coal supplies? (A) Brazil and South Africa together contain 33% of proven reserves. (B) The United States contains 40% of proven reserves. (C) Australia, Japan, and France together contain 45% of proven reserves. (D) The United States, the former Soviet Union, and China together contain 50% of proven reserves. (E) Germany, Brazil, and India together contain 75% of proven reserves.
D) The United States, the former Soviet Union, and China together contain 50% of proven reserves.
74. Acid rain associated with which of the following? (A) Formation of the Antarctic ozone hole (B) Release of PCBs into the atmosphere (C) Damage to tropical rain forests (D) The burning of fossil fuels (E) The increasing pH of lake waters
D) The burning of fossil fuels
85. Which of the following best describes the significance of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, which was held in 1972 in Stockholm? (A) Developing countries and developed countries were largely in agreement about the most important environmental problems. (B) For the first time since the end of the Second World War, nations set aside their political differences to achieve a common objective. (C) Environmental activists who had organized Earth Day in 1970 ran the conference. (D) The conference provided the first global forum for dialogue on environmental problems. (E) The delegates assembled at the conference voted in favor of controlling population growth.
D) The conference provided the first global forum for dialogue on environmental problems.
40. Which of the following describes a fundamental characteristic of the green revolution in food resources? (A) The application of higher levels of organic fertilizers to increase rice production (B) Deforestation to provide field crops with increased sunlight for photosynthesis (C) The addition of calorie, fat, and fiber percentages to the information provided on food package labels (D) The development of new strains of crops with higher yields (E) The discovery that chlorophyll adds nutritional value to wheat, rice, and sorghum
D) The development of new strains of crops with higher yields
80. Many scientists maintain that a rise in sea level has occurred in the last hundred years as a result of global warming. If this is true, which of the following factors best explains such a rise? (A) Increased precipitation (B) Increased cloud cover (C) Increased evapotranspiration (D) Thermal expansion of the ocean (E) Melting of permafrost
D) Thermal expansion of the ocean
99. Traveling southward from the Arctic regions of Canada to the tropics of Panama, one passes through several biomes—tundra, coniferous forest, temperate deciduous forest, and tropical rain forest. This pattern of change in vegetation is primarily the result of... (A) primary and secondary succession (B) the invasion of exotic species (C) an increase in mean annual temperature and a decrease in mean annual precipitation (D) an increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation (E) an increase in the total annual hours of sunlight
D) an increase in both mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation
91. One solution for reducing the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide would be to... (A) increase oceanic temperatures to enhance carbon dioxide uptake (B) increase the rate of removal of tropical rain forests (C) decrease the total area of rice paddies (D) decrease the use of fossil fuels (E) decrease the production of chlorofluorocarbons
D) decrease the use of fossil fuels
22. Represents the maximum number of individuals that can be supported by a particular ecosystem on a long-term basis...
E
2. Approximate efficiency of the conversion of light energy to chemical energy in photosynthesis (A) 100% (B) 95% (C) 30% (D) 15% (E) 1%
E) 1%
61. United States residents are how many times more likely to die from breast cancer than residents of Hungary? (A) 150 (B) 21 (C) 14 (D) 7 (E) 1.5
E) 1.5
84. The combustion of one gallon of automobile fuel produces about 5 pounds of carbon (in CO2). Two autos are making a trip of 600 mies. The first auto gets 20 miles per gallon, and the second gets 30 miles per gallon. Approximately how much less carbon (in CO2) will be produced by the second auto on this trip? (A) 300 lbs (B) 150 lbs (C) 100 lbs (D) 75 lbs (E) 50 lbs
E) 50 lbs
94. Which of the following would be the strongest evidence in support of a scientist's contention that a local area was experiencing acid deposition? (A) A sudden die-off of all the fish in a local stream (B) A gradual increase in the temperature of a local lake (C) An increase in the rate of photosynthesis of aquatic plants in a local lake (D) A long-term increase in the pH of a local pond (E) An increase in the concentrations of soluble heavy metals in a local pond
E) An increase in the concentrations of soluble heavy metals in a local pond
88. Which of the following best illustrates the concept of the tragedy of the commons? (A) Destruction of landscape by surface mining on private land (B) Selective harvesting of trees by a timber company in a national forest (C) Legislation of catch limits to avoid depletion of fish stocks in a shared lake (D) Inadvertent destruction of beneficial species while attempting to control pests (E) Depletion of an aquifer by regional farmers
E) Depletion of an aquifer by regional farmers
71. For a certain insecticide, the LD-50 dosage level for rats is determined to be 250 milligrams per kilogram of body mass. On the basis of this information, which of the following is the best prediction regarding the consequences of receiving this dosage of the insecticide? (A) Fifty percent of any rat population would be sickened. (B) Fifty percent of the population of any warm-blooded animal would die. (C) Fifty percent of any population of mosquitoes would die. (D) Five hundred out of every one thousand people would experience acute effects. (E) Five hundred out of every one thousand rats would die.
E) Five hundred out of every one thousand rats would die.
75. Characteristics that tend to increase the risk of a species becoming endangered include which of the following? I. Having a very limited distribution II. Being a specialist at the end of a long food chain III. Having a small population size (A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) II and III only (E) I, II, and III
E) I, II, and III (Having a very limited distribution, being a specialist at the end of a long food chain, having a small population size).
87. Which of the following is a true statement about replacement-level fertility? (A) It equals the average number of children a woman will give birth to during her child-bearing years. (B) It equals the annual number of live births per 1,000 people in a population. (C) It equals the natural increase of a population in one year. (D) It is found by subtracting the number of emigrants from the number of immigrants in one year. (E) It is greater in countries with high infant mortality rates than in countries with low infant-mortality rates
E) It is greater in countries with high infant mortality rates than in countries with low infant-mortality rates.
44. Which of the following is likely to minimize soil erosion? (A) High-yield crops (B) Deforestation (C) Herbicide use (D) Annual plowing (E) No-till agriculture
E) No till agriculture
29. Which of the following is an effective alternative to chlorine for disinfecting wastewater in a municipal treatment plant? (A) Freon (B) Alcohol (C) Phosphate (D) Ammonia (E) Ozone
E) Ozone
18. Is the major pollutant that electrostatic precipitators are designed to remove from power-plant smokestack emissions (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) Sulfur dioxide Lead Ozone Hydrocarbons Particulates
E) Particulates
66. Which of the following will occur if the trend of global temperature increase continues? (A) Night temperatures will decrease as day temperatures increase. (B) Tropical areas will become cooler than they currently are. (C) Sea levels will drop due to increased evaporation. (D) The incidence of insect-borne diseases will decrease. (E) The troposphere will contain more water vapor.
E) The troposphere will contain more water vapor.
60. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data? (A) Increased incidence of breast cancer is related to the average age of a country's population. (B) The number of breast cancer deaths is proportional to the size of a country's population. (C) Increased incidence of breast cancer is related to annual length of exposure to solar radiation. (D) Persons who reside in colder climates are more susceptible to breast cancer than those who live in tropical regions. (E) There is a positive correlation between breast cancer and dietary fat intake.
E) There is a positive correlation between breast cancer and dietary fat intake.
68. Compared to a coal-fired power plant that produces the same amount of energy, a nuclear power plant generates more (A) CO2 (B) SO2 (C) fly ash (D) particulates (E) thermal pollution
E) Thermal pollution.
21. Country with the largest area of temperate deciduous forest... Australia Brazil Chile Russia United States of America
E) United States of America
32. Factors contributing to the rise in world hunger include all of the following EXCEPT (A) unequal distribution of available food supplies (B) loss of or decline in arable land (C) increasing rate of population growth (D) increasing poverty in developing countries (E) increasing consumption of vegetable protein in place of meat protein
E) increasing consumption of vegetable protein in place of meat protein
26. The factor that likely poses the greatest threat of extinction of species worldwide is (A) weakening of environmental legislation (B) increase in hunting and fishing (C) aggressive collecting of specimens by museums and zoos (D) black-market trade in endangered species (E) increasing loss of habitat
E) increasing loss of habitat
35. In the United States, most municipal solid waste is disposed of by (A) composting (B) recycling (C) incineration (D) ocean dumping (E) landfilling
E) landfilling
56. The annual fluctuation in carbon dioxide concentration can best be explained by the... (A) seasonal use of fossil fuels (B) regularity of volcanic activity (C) deforestation in the tropics (D) EI Nino events (E) seasonal photosynthetic activity of green plants
E) seasonal photosynthetic activity of green plants
86. Regulations that deal directly with the disposal of hazardous materials in the United States include which of the following? I. RCRA II. Clean Water Act III. Clean Air Act (A) I only (B) II only (C) III only (D) I and II only (E) I, II, and III
RCRA
98. A metropolitan region of 100,000 people has 2, 000 births, 500 deaths, 200 emigrants and 100 immigrants over a 1-yr. period. Its population growth rate is A) 1.2 percent. (B) 1.4 percent. (C) 1.6 percent. (D) 1.8 percent. (E) 2.0 percent
b) 1.4 percent.
