20 Essential Amino Acids - Names, Structures, Abbreviations, and Properties
Alanine, Ala, A
What is the name, abbreviation, and letter of the amino acid?
Arginine, Arg, R
What is the name, abbreviation, and letter of the amino acid?
Asparagine, Asn, N
What is the name, abbreviation, and letter of the amino acid?
Aspartic acid, Asp, D
What is the name, abbreviation, and letter of the amino acid?
Cysteine, Cys, C
What is the name, abbreviation, and letter of the amino acid?
Glutamic acid, Glu, E
What is the name, abbreviation, and letter of the amino acid?
Glutamine, Gln, Q
What is the name, abbreviation, and letter of the amino acid?
Glycine, Gly, G
What is the name, abbreviation, and letter of the amino acid?
Histidine, His, H
What is the name, abbreviation, and letter of the amino acid?
Isoleucine, Ile, I
What is the name, abbreviation, and letter of the amino acid?
Leucine, Leu, L
What is the name, abbreviation, and letter of the amino acid?
Lysine, Lys, K
What is the name, abbreviation, and letter of the amino acid?
Methionine, Met, M
What is the name, abbreviation, and letter of the amino acid?
Phenylalanine, Phe, F
What is the name, abbreviation, and letter of the amino acid?
Proline, Pro, P
What is the name, abbreviation, and letter of the amino acid?
Serine, Ser, S
What is the name, abbreviation, and letter of the amino acid?
Threonine, Thr, T
What is the name, abbreviation, and letter of the amino acid?
Tryptophan, Trp, W
What is the name, abbreviation, and letter of the amino acid?
Tyrosine, Tyr, Y
What is the name, abbreviation, and letter of the amino acid?
Valine, Val, V
What is the name, abbreviation, and letter of the amino acid?
Small hydrophobic methyl group useless - begnign -Often used as a substitute in mutagenesis studies
What is the size, group name, and R-group significance of alanine?
large charged/basic R group contains a hydrocarbon group and a guanidinium group hydrophilic can form salt bridges
What is the size, group name, and R-group significance of arginine?
small to medium polar, hydrophilic -No formal charge, but electrical dipole R group contains a carboxamide group
What is the size, group name, and R-group significance of asparagine?
Small to medium charged/acidic R group contains a carboxylate group (pKa = 4.1) -Deprotonated and negatively charged at physiological pH
What is the size, group name, and R-group significance of aspartic acid?
small to medium polar/hydrophilic R group contains sulfhydrl or thiol group (pka = 8.3) -At basic pH, can deprotonate to form a negative thiolate group -Pairs of cysteines can come together to form disulfide bonds (covalent interactions b/t R groups)
What is the size, group name, and R-group significance of cysteine?
medium charged/acidic R group contains a carboxylate group (pka = 4.1) -Deprotonated and - at physiological pH
What is the size, group name, and R-group significance of glutamic acid?
medium polar/hydrophilic R group contains carboxamide group
What is the size, group name, and R-group significance of glutamine?
smallest amino acid hydrophobic only AA that's achiral provides flexibility in proteins
What is the size, group name, and R-group significance of glycine?
medium positively charged/basic R group is an imidazole ring (pka = 6) -Can be + or neutral near physiological pH -Useful part of an enzyme active site
What is the size, group name, and R-group significance of histidine?
medium hydrophobic R group is branched chain aliphatic Branched at beta carbon
What is the size, group name, and R-group significance of isoleucine?
medium hydrophobic R group is branched chain aliphatic Branched at y-carbon
What is the size, group name, and R-group significance of leucine?
large positively charged/basic R group contains and aliphatic chain R group contains a terminal amino group (pka = 10.8) -Protonated at physiological pH to be positive
What is the size, group name, and R-group significance of lysine?
large hydrophobic R group contains an aliphatic chain with a thioether group often the starting amino acid for proteins
What is the size, group name, and R-group significance of methionine?
large hydrophobic aromatic R group contains a phenyl ring
What is the size, group name, and R-group significance of phenylalanine?
medium hydrophobic R group is an aliphatic side chain Ring that connects alpha carbon and amino nitrogen Significant impact on protein structure b/c limits rotational flexibility
What is the size, group name, and R-group significance of proline?
small to medium polar/hydrophilic R group contains a hydroxyl group
What is the size, group name, and R-group significance of serine?
small to medium polar/hydrophilic R group is branched aliphatic with terminal hydroxyl group
What is the size, group name, and R-group significance of threonine?
Large Hydrophobic R group is aromatic Double ring (indole group) joined to a methylene
What is the size, group name, and R-group significance of tryptophan?
large polar/hydrophilic aromatic R group contains a phenyl ring with a hydroxyl group (pka = 10.9)
What is the size, group name, and R-group significance of tyrosine?
small to medium hydrophobic R group is branched aliphatic chain branched at the beta carbon
What is the size, group name, and R-group significance of valine?
