20. The Protest Movements

What were the most significant measures taken to combat environmental problems in the 60s and 70s?

-Clean Air Act -Clean Water Act -Endangered Species Act -creation of Environmental Protections Agency

At the height of the Civil Rights Movement, what other groups began to demand their rights?

-Native Americans -Hispanic Americans -Women

What indirectly killed millions of birds and animals in the Florida Everglades?

A dike project

What ruined miles and beach and killed millions of birds and aquatic animals in 1969

A major oil spill off California's coast

In an effort to improve job opportunities for African Americans, these programs required that companies and organization doing business with the federal government actively recruit African American employees with the hope that this would improve their economic and social status

Affirmative action

One of the most notable challenges to the affirmative action policy, this man sued the University of California-Davis school after learning that he had been turned down a second time for admission because 2 African Americans with lower test scores had been admitted. He sued saying that he has been discriminated against based on race. Who is this man?

Allan Bakke

A more militant civil rights organization that viewed the government's reform efforts to improve Native African conditions as not good enough

American Indian Movement

Traveled around the country interviewing women who had graduated from college with her; found that most of these women felt unfulfilled with their lives; used these stories to write The Feminine Mystique

Betty Friedan

Some of the musical leaders of the counterculture movement

Bob Dylan, Beatles, Jimi Hendrix

An organization in Congress created in 1971 to better represent the concerns of African Americans

Congressional Black Caucus

A youth movement that cared less about changing society and instead wanted to "leave" society; promoted a lifestyle of flamboyant clothing, rock music, drug use, free love, and independent living/ those who chose this lifestyle were often referred to as hippies

Counterculture

(in regards to the environmental movement) What were timber companies doing in the northwest?

Cutting down acres of forestland

Which influential civil rights leader fought for the right of migrant farm workers to organize to improve theory working conditions?

César Chávez

Why did Native American begin to demand reforms?

Due to their mistreatment

Set and enforced pollution standards, promoted research, and coordinated anti-pollution activities with state and local governments

Environmental Protection Agency

What did Americans begin to feel were plaguing every region of the nation?

Environmental problems

Created to ensure that women received the same protections under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as did African Americans and other minorities. They investigated employers to make sure that they were not discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin and gender

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

Made it illegal for an employer to pay women less than men when doing the same job

Equal Pay Act

What did women want to achieve with their movement?

Equal pay, more career choices and more political representation

What did women begin to demand?

Equality and rights to improve their lives

One of the most popular hippie destinations was this neighborhood in San Francisco. By the mid-1960s, thousands of hippies has moved there. While 1967 was considered the shimmer of love in this neighborhood, the following year saw a staggering increase in drug overdoses, crime, rape, murder and all of the aspects of an undisciplined lifestyle

Haight-Ashbury District

How did the Bakke case affect affirmative action?

It challenged the process of affirmative action as potentially being reverse discrimination in practice

What were the two greatest legacies of the counterculture movement?

Its contribution to new styles of popular culture and its encouragement of great self-expression

Founded the PUSH coalition to help register black voters, develop African American businesses, and broaden educational opportunities for minorities. Became one of the most prominent civil rights leaders of the 70s and 80s; became the first African American to make a serious run for president

Jesse Jackson

Which influential civil rights leaders fought for political, economic and social power for African Americans?

Jesse Jackson

Who were the most influential civil rights leaders during the 60s and 70s?

Jesse Jackson, César Chávez, José Angel Gutiérrez and the Bellecourt brothers

Which influential civil rights leader fought to increase Mexican American political participation?

José Angel Gutiérrez

Why did the counterculture movement eventually decline?

Many participants were unable to establish the ideal utopian community they dreamed of, and were unable to take care of themselves financially and socio-economically

An organization created by Betty Friedman to help bring women and their issues into the mainstream of American society

National Organization for Women

What caused nearly all of the fish to disappear form Lake Erie?

Pollution and garbage

A marine biologist who wrote Silent Spring which made Americans aware of the amount of pesticides used in agriculture that did kill insects, but also killed birds, fish and other creatures

Rachel Carson

Became the most outspoken critic of car manufacturers who produced cars that were unsafe and led to unnecessary fatalities

Ralph Nader

What were the conditions of women who worked outside the home in the 60s?

Received lower pay, few opportunities and were often treated disrespectfully

Hispanic Americans organized to improve their what?

Status in society

The "New Left" group of college students who saw mammy injustices in the country's political and social system. In their few, a few wealthy elites controlled politics and wealth itself was unfairly divided among people. This organization called for an end to apathy and urged all citizens to stop accepting a country run by big corporations and big government

Students for a Democratic Society

What did the youth movement challenge?

The American political and social system, traditional middle-class values and traditional status-quo

Which influential civil rights leader fought for Native American rights?

The Bellecourt brothers

A nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania that experienced a meltdown of one of its reactors resulting in the release of radiation into the atmosphere

Three Mile Island

Prohibited public schools from discriminating against girls and young women in nearly all aspects of its operations, from admission to athletics

Title IX

The 1960s was one of the most what in United States history?

Tumultuous and chaotic decades

The music festival in August 1969 that represented the height of the counterculture movement as hundreds of thousands of young people went to a small town in New York to see dozens of the greatest rock acts of the era perform

Woodstock

What movement saw a remarkable rise in the 1960s?

Youth movement

The process of transporting black students to white schools and visa versa

busing

Many hippies attempted to drop-out of society and live in a group living arrangement were they would all share everything and work together for a peaceful life

commune

The belief that men and women should be treated as equals politically, economically and socially

feminism

Many women had grown dissatisfied as their role as what?

homemakers

(in regards to the environmental movement) What was smothering major cities?

smog