2.2

Cellular respiration is a process that changes starting materials into new products

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Glucose

A sugar molecule that is a major energy source for most cells

Chemical energy is stored where?

In the bonds of sugars.

How do plants get more glucose

Plants transform the energy in sunlight into the chemical energy in glucose.

Examples of foods that are produced using fermentation

bread, yogurt, and cheese

1. the starting materials of photosynthesis

carbon dioxide and water. The plant takes in carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil

Cellular respiration

cells use oxygen to release energy stored in sugars such as glucose.

Most of the energy used by the cells in your body is provided by

cellular respiration

Two basic processes that cells can release energy

cellular respiration-requires oxygen and releases much more usable energy fermentation-does not require oxygen and releases less energy

The products made from cellular respiration

energy, carbon dioxide and water.

where animal cells get energy

from food

where plant cells get energy

from sunlight

2. The process of cellular respiration (step one)

glucose in the cytoplasm is broken down into smaller molecules.

Where cellular respiration takes place

in organelles called mitochondria

3. the products of photosyntheseis

oxygen and sugars such as glucose. The plant releases most of the oxygen to the air and keeps the glucose for energy.

Photosynthesis

process that plant cells uses to change the energy from sunlight into chemical energy.

1. Starting materials of cellular respiration

sugars (such as glucose) and oxygen

chemical energy

the energy stored in the bonds between atoms of every molecule.To stay alive, cells must release the chemical energy in the bonds.

Fermentation

the process by which cells release energy without oxygen

cellular respiration step 3

the smaller molecules are broken down even smaller, and hydrogen is relased in a way that lets the cells capture energy in a usable form.

cellular respiration step 2

the smaller molecules move into the mitochondria.At the same time, oxygen enters the cell and travels into the mitochondria.

2. the process of photosynthesis

tkaes place when carbon dioxide and water enter the plant's chloroplasts. Chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight, which is used to change carbon dioxide and water into new products.

Chloroplasts

where photosynthesis takes place. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a light-absorbing pigment that traps the energy in sunlight.

Two main types of fermentation

Alcoholic fermentation lactic acid fermentation

cellular respiration step 4

The hydrogen combines with oxygen to make water.

Sunlight

The source of energy for almost all organisms

Do both plant cells and animal cells release energy through cellular respiration?

Yes, because they both have mitochondria.

chlorophyll

a light-absorbing pigment, or colored substance, that traps the energy in sunlight.

Process of photosynthesis

a series of chemical steps or reactions

When a sugar molecule is broken down...

a usable form of energy is released for the cell's life functions.