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86) Which of the following is not a disorder of water balance?
excessive hydration due to excess ANP secretion
92) The most important force causing net water flow across capillary walls is ________.
hydrostatic pressure of capillary blood
82) Which of the following is not a trigger for juxtaglomerular granular cells to release renin?
increased extracellular fluid water levels
74) Problems with fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance are particularly common in infants because of their ________.
inefficient kidneys
94) The regulation of potassium balance ________.
involves aldosterone-induced secretion of potassium
87) The regulation of sodium ________.
is linked to blood pressure
78) The movement of fluids between cellular compartments ________.
is regulated by osmotic and hydrostatic forces
88) Blood analysis indicates a low pH, and the patient is breathing rapidly. Given your knowledge of acid-base balance, which of the following is most likely?
metabolic acidosis
89) A patient is breathing slowly and blood pH analysis indicates an abnormally high value. What is the likely diagnosis?
metabolic alkalosis
81) Which of the following is not a chemical buffer system?
nucleic acid
70) The fluid link between the external and internal environment is ________.
plasma
72) Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most ________ is found in the intracellular fluid.
potassium
75) The single most important factor influencing potassium ion secretion is ________.
potassium ion concentration in blood plasma
65) Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is to ________.
reduce blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention
73) Which of the following describes the distribution of sodium and potassium between cells and body fluids?
K+ mainly in the cells, Na+ in the body fluids
77) A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates ________.
respiratory acidosis
71) Newborn infants have a relatively higher ________ content in their ECF than do adults.
sodium
61) The body's water volume is closely tied to the level of which of the following ions?
sodium ions
85) The maintenance of the proper pH of the body fluids may be the result of ________.
the control of respiratory ventilation
63) Hypoproteinemia is a condition of unusually low levels of plasma proteins. This problem is often characterized by ________.
tissue edema
91) Annie has just eaten a large order of heavily salted French fries, some pickled eggs, and some cheese. How will consuming this much salt affect her physiology?
There will be a temporary increase in blood volume.
62) The term hypotonic hydration refers to ________.
a condition that may result from renal insufficiency or drinking extraordinary amounts of water
66) Respiratory acidosis can occur when ________.
a person's breathing is shallow due to obstruction
90) One of the major physiological factors that triggers thirst is ________.
a rise in plasma osmolality
64) Which of the following hormones is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid?
aldosterone
69) Which of the choices below exerts primary control over sodium levels in the body?
aldosterone
93) Which of the following does not depend on the presence of electrolytes?
amount of body fat
67) Total body water is not a function of which of the following?
amount of water ingested
68) Which of the choices below is not an essential role of salts in the body?
anabolism of lipids
84) Which of the following hormones is important in stimulating water conservation in the kidneys?
antidiuretic hormone
79) What hormone reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and sodium ion and water retention?
atrial natriuretic peptide
76) The term alkaline reserve is used to describe the ________ buffer system.
bicarbonate
80) Which of the following is not a method for regulating the hydrogen ion concentration in blood?
diet
83) Which of the following statements is true regarding fluid shifts?
Electrolytes have greater osmotic power than nonelectrolytes and therefore have the greatest ability to cause fluid shifts.
