4. Color Management
What is color?
"Color is the visual perception of certain wave lengths by the retina of the eye."
What are challenges in color?
- Color variation in fibers, dyes and environment conditions during dyeing process - Color must read similarly under retail lighting, homelight
The 2 main color systems are
- The standard color textile dictionaire international de la couleur (SCOTDIC) - The Pantone matching system
1. Age & Life Stage:
- Young Consumers - More Trendy, Cutting edge (all black for goth, or bights to attention seekers) - More susceptible to peer pressure, often lasting 1 season
3. Personal coloring
- different skin tones so color palette must offer variety
5. End Use
-Category of Apparel affects which colors you choose.
When does color management begin?
-Color management begins by having an understanding of color theory
2. Fashion Level
-Designer Level=More Daring Color choices - Mass Market
Older Consumers
-More Practical -Buy more classics
Name the 3 attributes of Color
1. Hue 2. Value 3. Chroma
Factors Affecting Color Management
1. Light Source 2. Fabric 3. Human Vision 4. Color Calibration
colors hues can be de-saturated (reduced in purity, weakened) by affecting its value in one of three ways:
1. Tints = light colors 2. Shades = dark colors 3. Tone = complement to either lighten or darken the value.
Visual color approval done through
1. lab dips 2. digital color approval 3. illuminants
what does the basic color wheel contain?
1. primary colors - 3 2. secondary colors - 6 3. tertiary colors - 12
How many colors can the human eye see?
10 million
2. Analogous Colors
Analogous colors are any three colors which are side by side on a 12 part color wheel, such as yellow-green, yellow, and yellow-orange. Usually one of the three colors predominates.
Hues one attribute is
Chromatic colors have hue.
Regarding color palettes to target markets
Color trends are not necessarily the same for all segments of the market.
1. Monochromatic Colors
Colors of the same hue, with similar value or Chroma
3. Complementary Colors
Complementary colors are any two colors which are directly opposite each other in the color wheel. These opposing colors create maximum contrast and maximum stability.
Color Standards
Each Color Specification System Uses its own method of notation to help identify the increments of color by hue, value and chroma.
Secondary colors
Green, orange and purple
Define Value
How we distinguish light colors from dark colors.
Define Color Management
Is the method by which the Product Developer communicates and controls the outcome of a color, from the initial concept to the final production output, in a way that is acceptable to the consumer.
What does light consist of?
Light consists of a spectrum of electromagnetic waves of energy
What must product developers consider when it comes to color?
Product developers must consider color from the beginning of the process until the final product
Whats are Hues families of colors (5 major hues)
Red, yellow, green, blue, purple
What does the color management process start with?
Starts with matching color concept to a standard
Symbolic Color
The history, culture and psychology of color have profoundly complex relationships.
Define Chroma
The saturation of a color, or purity of a color in relation to gray.
What is the 1st color selected by?
Trend or Design
What color can we not see?
Ultra-violet
What must product developers have an understanding of regarding color?
Understanding of the color science to overcome all the color variables
4. Geographical Location
Warm vs. cold weather
What do PD's have to look at
at the factors that will influence their consumer's choices in color.
How is Chroma determined?
by the amount of pigment in a color.
What does quality insurance determine?
color fastness
The two color temperatures
cool and warm
Achromatic colors
have NO hue. (white, gray, black)
What is electromagnetic waves measured in?
meters
How a society forms meaning around color ranges from the
natural, the religious, the political, to the purely emotional
Primary colors are
red, yellow and blue
Define Metamerism
refers to a change of color under different light sources, with different spectral reflectance curves under different illuminants.
Define Color constancy
refers to a color perceived to be similar regardless of the light source.
What does a color specification system identify?
the range of colors per materials for each products
