5 b and 6 a
4) The parietal, temporal, frontal, and occipital bones are part of (the) ________. A) cranium B) skull C) facial bones D) axial skeleton E) None of the answers are correct.
a
41) Increased levels of calcium in the blood of a pregnant woman would stimulate the secretion of ________, which would increase calcium loss in the urine.
a
45) As a long bone develops, the point where osteoblasts first replace calcified cartilage with spongy bone becomes the ________, from which further development proceeds.
a
46) An abnormal gene on chromosome 15 that affects the protein fibrillin results in this disorder.?
a
53) Which of the following is important as a stimulus that maintains normal bone structure, especially in growing children, postmenopausal women, and elderly men? A) regular exercise B) hormone supplements C) cosmetic surgery D) mega doses of vitamins E) None of the answers are correct.
a
57) Which of the following type of fracture occurs across the long axis of a bone shaft? A) transverse fracture B) compression fracture C) Pott's fracture D) comminuted fracture E) displaced fracture
a
58) Treating an open fracture differs from other fractures most significantly due to ________. A) risk of infection B) nerve damage C) the severity of open fractures D) potential nerve damage E) None of the answers are correct.
a
64) Which of the following is a classification of bone shape? A) sesamoid B) round C) square D) triangular E) indefinite
a
7) The lambdoid suture is the boundary between which bones? A) parietal and occipital B) frontal and nasal C) frontal and sphenoid D) parietal and temporal E) parietal and frontal
a
76) A smooth, grooved articular process, shaped like a pulley, is a ________. A) trochlea B) spine C) line D) crest E) trochanter
a
80) Which diagnostic procedure measures bone loss? A) DEXA B) arthrocentesis C) MRI D) arthroscopy E) X-ray
a
12) Which of the following contains the external acoustic meatus? A) frontal B) temporal C) sphenoid D) ethmoid E) maxillary
b
14) The point of attachment for muscles that extend and rotate the head is the ________. A) styloid process B) mastoid process C) posterior clinoid process D) articular tubercle E) external occipital protuberance
b
18) The external surface of each ________ bone bears a pair of low ridges, which mark the attachment of the temporalis muscles. A) temporal B) parietal C) frontal D) occipital E) sphenoidal
b
2) The divisions of the skeletal system include (the) ________. A) dorsal and ventral B) axial and appendicular C) proximal and distal D) cranial, caudal, and anterior E) None of the answers are correct.
b
22) The superior and middle nasal concha of the ethmoid ________. A) are perforated by foramina that allow passage of the branches of the olfactory nerves B) provide additional time for warming, humidifying, and dust removal before incoming air reaches more delicate portions of the respiratory tract C) form part of the nasal septum, a partition that also includes the vomer and a piece of hyaline cartilage D) separate the right and left sides of the cribriform plate E) stabilize the position of the brain
b
23) Which of the following bones contains the infra-orbital foramen? A) zygomatic B) maxilla C) frontal D) ethmoid E) sphenoid
b
26) Which of the following lists includes only facial bones? A) frontals, nasals, parietals, and occipital B) maxillae, palatines, mandible, zygomatics, lacrimals C) sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillae, and mandible D) inferior conchae, vomer, ethmoid, nasal, lacrimals, and sphenoid E) None of the answers are correct.
b
31) The anterior two-thirds of the bony palate is formed by the ________ of the maxillae. A) alveolar process B) palatine process C) frontal process D) orbital surface E) perpendicular plate
b
39) What is the mechanism of marrow cavity enlargement in a long bone?
b
40) If a long bone that was found at an archeological dig contained functional epiphyseal plates, what inference is most accurate?
b
42) How do hormones regulate the pattern of bone growth?
b
43) Which of the following acts on the intestine, requiring calcitriol production by the kidneys?
b
49) An individual with otherwise normal features, but having very short limbs, may have a condition known as ________, in which epiphyseal cartilages grow unusually slowly. A) gigantism B) achondroplasia C) Marfan's syndrome D) osteomalacia E) rickets
b
59) During track and field practice one of the runners trips over a hurdle and falls forward. Fortunately, he is able to break his fall with his hands. However, he stands up holding his wrist in pain. What type of fracture might he have sustained? A) compound fracture B) Colles fracture C) greenstick fracture D) displaced fracture E) None of the answers are correct.
b
6) What is the fate of the chondrocytes that are present where bone is forming?
b
6) Which of the following sutures marks the boundary between the temporal bone and the parietal bone of each side of the skull? A) sagittal B) squamous C) frontonasal D) coronal E) lambdoid
b
66) Small, flat, oddly shaped bones that develop between the flat bones of the skull are called ________. A) sesamoid bones B) sutural bones C) flat bones D) endochondral bones E) pneumatized bones
b
67) The scapula is an example of what type of bone? A) long B) flat C) irregular D) short E) sutural
b
71) Which diagnostic procedure detects abnormalities in synovial fluid? A) DEXA B) arthrocentesis C) MRI D) arthroscopy E) X-ray
b
72) Diploë is spongy bone found in ________ bones. A) short B) flat C) pneumatized D) sesamoid E) irregular
b
78) The expanded articular end of an epiphysis, separated from the shaft by a narrower neck, is a ________. A) neck B) head C) tubercle D) fossa E) fissure
b
79) An elongated cleft is a(n) ________. A) foramen B) fissure C) meatus D) canal E) antrum
b
1) Bones of the axial skeleton form the ________ axis of the body. A) transverse B) coronal C) longitudinal D) horizontal E) diagonal
c
10) The small depression on the temporal bone with which the mandible articulates is called (the) ________. A) temporal fossa B) temporal foramen C) mandibular fossa D) mandibular foramen E) None of the answers are correct
c
11) Which of the following is true of the foramen magnum? A) It allows passage of the carotid arteries into the head. B) It is located between the parietal and occipital bones. C) It is located in the inferior surface of the occipital bone. D) It is the second largest foramen in the cranium. E) It primarily provides passage for the optic nerve.
c
19) The frontal bone, the ethmoid, and the lesser wings of the sphenoid form the ________. A) posterior cranial fossa B) internal nares C) anterior cranial fossa D) middle cranial fossa E) crista galli
c
20) The ________ processes are vertical projections of the sphenoid bone that are important sites for attachment of muscles that move the lower jaw and soft palate. A) styloid B) anterior clinoid C) pterygoid D) posterior clinoid E) zygomatic
c
28) The temporal processes are part of which bone? A) occipital B) temporal C) zygomatic D) sphenoid E) maxilla
c
3) The facial bones ________. A) enclose the cranial cavity B) consist of the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, nasal, lacrimal, and zygomatic bones C) protect and support the entrances to the digestive and respiratory tracts D) form a specialized joint that stabilizes the positions of the cranium and vertebral column while permitting a considerable range of head movements E) comprise the "braincase" that surrounds and protects the brain
c
32) The ________ is/are the bone(s) that makes up the inferior portion of the nasal septum. A) lacrimal bones B) nasal bones C) vomer D) palatine bones E) inferior nasal conchae
c
35) A long bone increases in length until ________.
c
47) The vessels supplying blood to the inner (diaphyseal) surface of each epiphyseal cartilage, where bone is replacing cartilage, are called ________ vessels.
c
68) A shallow depression on the surface of a bone is called a ________. A) tuberosity B) trochanter C) fossa D) foramen E) tubercle
c
70) Which of the following is most likely to have a nerve pass through it? A) fossa B) process C) foramen D) condyle E) ramus
c
75) An extension of a bone that is set at an angle to the rest of the bone is usually called a ________. A) sulcus B) fossa C) ramus D) condyle E) meatus
c
8) The superior aspect of each nasal bone articulates with the ________ bone. A) maxilla B) zygomatic C) frontal D) sphenoid E) ethmoid
c
13) Which of the following features belongs to the occipital bone? A) mental foramen B) mandibular foramen C) coronoid process D) hypoglossal canal E) mylohyoid line
d
16) Bones located within a space in the temporal bone that provide the sense of hearing are called ________. A) acoustic bones B) external acoustic meatus C) internal acoustic meatus D) auditory ossicles E) foramen lacerum
d
33) Which of the following occurs during endochondral ossification?
d
44) Which of the following is the active form of calcitriol?
d
48) Blood vessels that supply the ends of long bones are called ________ vessels. A) endochondral B) metaphyseal C) periosteal D) epiphyseal E) endosteal
d
52) Bone mass reduction occurs initially between the ages of ________. A) 10-20 B) 20-30 C) 50-60 D) 30-40 E) 40-50
d
55) A fracture of a bone that is the result of a twisting stress that spreads along the length of the bone is called a(n) ________. A) Pott fracture B) comminuted fracture C) greenstick fracture D) spiral fracture E) compression fracture
d
60) The simultaneous process of adding new bone and removing previously formed bone is called ________. A) internal callus formation B) endochondral ossification C) osteomalacia D) bone remodeling E) intramembranous ossification
d
61) After a fracture occurs, a(n) ________ forms as a network of spongy bone unites the inner edges. A) external callus B) blood clot C) spicule D) internal callus E) fracture hematoma
d
65) Which of the following is an example of an irregular bone? A) humerus B) carpal bone C) patella D) vertebra E) ulna
d
69) Processes that form where tendons or ligaments attach to a bone include ________. A) condyles and trochleae B) fossae, sulci, and foramina C) rami D) trochanters, tuberosities, and tubercles E) canals and fissures
d
73) A prominent ridge on a bone is called a(n) ________. A) condyle B) facet C) meatus D) crest E) trochlea
d
17) The ethmoid contains ________. A) an interconnected network of air cells, which produce mucous secretions that flush the surfaces of the nasal cavities B) the cribriform plate, which is perforated by foramina C) a perpendicular plate, which forms the superior part of the nasal septum D) a prominent bony ridge to which is attached the falx cerebri, a membrane that stabilizes the position of the brain E) All of the answers are correct.
e
24) Which of the following features belongs to the mandibular bone? A) supraorbital margins B) supraciliary arches C) frontal suture D) lacrimal fossa E) mental foramen
e
25) Bones of the skull that articulate with the zygomatic bone include (the) ________. A) temporal bone B) frontal bone C) maxillary bone D) sphenoid E) All of the answers are correct.
e
27) Features of the maxillae include ________. A) sinuses B) alveolar processes C) orbital surfaces D) infra-orbital groove E) All of the answers are correct.
e
29) Which of the following is true of the vomer bone? A) It It forms the superior portion of the nasal septum. B) It is attached to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. C) It articulates with the mandible and both the zygomatic bones. D) It supports the olfactory epithelium. E) It forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum
e
30) Which feature of the palatine bone articulates with the maxilla to form the posterior portion of the bony palate? A) perpendicular plate B) ethmoidal crest C) conchal crest D) nasal crest E) horizontal plate
e
34) During endochondral bone formation, ________.
e
38) Which of the following describes how bones are innervated?
e
5) The axial skeleton functions in ________. A) housing special sense organs for taste, smell, hearing, balance, and sight B) providing an extensive surface for the attachment of muscles that adjust the positions of the head, neck, and trunk C) forming a framework that supports and protects organs in the ventral body cavities D) the production of blood cells by the red marrow found in portions of the vertebrae, sternum, and ribs E) All of the answers are correct.
e
50) Children whose bones bend laterally producing a bowlegged appearance is a result of ________. A) gigantism B) acromeagaly C) Marfan's syndrome D) osteomalacia E) rickets
e
51) Each year, approximately ________ of the adult skeleton is demolished and then rebuilt or replaced. A) 1/2 (50%) B) 1/4 (25%) C) 1/3 (33.33%) D) 100% E) 1/5 (20%)
e
54) Which of the following are recommended to slow the progression of osteoporosis? A) supplemental estrogen B) dietary increase of calcium C) exercise D) calcitonin E) All of these choices are correct
e
56) Which of the following type of fracture produces new and abnormal bone arrangements? A) transverse fracture B) compression fracture C) spiral fracture D) comminuted fracture E) displaced fracture
e
62) A(n) ________ fracture occurs at the ankle and affects both leg bones. A) greenstick B) Colles C) comminuted D) epiphyseal E) Pott's
e
63) An example of a pneumatized bone is the ________. A) parietal bone B) mandible C) femur D) vertebra E) ethmoid bone
e
74) A small, flat articular surface is a ________. A) trochlea B) spine C) line D) sulcus E) facet
e
77) A chamber within a bone, normally filled with air, is a ________. A) condyle B) ramus C) sulcus D) fissure E) sinus
e
9) The depression that cradles and protects the pituitary gland is called the ________. A) crista galli B) greater wing C) lesser wing D) cribiform plate E) sella turcica
e
37) Bones have a vascular supply that is ________.
a
15) Which of the following openings is found within the frontal bone? A) supra-orbital foramen B) foramen spinosum C) foramen lacerum D) optic canal E) foramen ovale
a
21) The convex anterior surface of the frontal bone is called the ________, or forehead, which functions as an attachment site for muscles of the scalp. A) squamous part B) frontal crest C) orbital part D) supra-orbital margin E) alveolar part
a