A & P - Unit 2 Exam // multiple choice
How many phalanges in each hand?
14
How many bones are found in the adult human skeleton?
206
At what age are all bones normal ossified?
25 years
The distal end of the radius articulates with how many bones of the wrist?
3
The renewal rate for compact bone tissue is
4% per year
Which of the following is NOT true?
The appendicular skeleton does not include the girdles
Which of the following is NOT a true statement regarding the male and female pelvis?
The female pelvic inlet is heart-shaped and smaller than that of the male, which is larger and more oval.
Which of the following is true? (regarding # of carp, meta, and phal)
There are 8 carpals, 5 metacarpals, and 14 phalanges
Which of the following is NOT true of surface markings on the bone?
They provide movement within the bone
Which of the following is an unpaired cranial bone?
a&b only (frontal bone // occipital bone)
The hip joint is comprised of the...
a&c (femur and acetabulum)
When the amount of calcium in the blood drops below the homeostatic set point, which of the following processes acts to restore blood calcium?
a, b, & c.
Which of the following best describes the process of bone resorption?
acids and enzymes released by osteoclasts degrade collagen and dissolve away minerals
Which is more superior on the scapula?
acromion
Which of the following factors affect bone remodeling and growth?
all affect bone remodeling and growth (minerals, vitamins, hormones)
Which of the following tissues may be found within a bone (the humerus or upper arm bone, for example)
all of the above
The female pelvis is [ ? ], than the male pelvis
all of the above (wider, shallower, larger in the pelvic inlet, larger in the pelvic outlet)
Which of the following is not true for red marrow?
all of the above :o
The arches of the foot:
are formed by metatarsal and tarsal bones
the arches of the foot
are formed by metatarsal and tarsal bones
This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between bones involved in the joint
articular cartilage
The medial and lateral condyles of the femur fit into what part of the patella?
articular facets
The ulna:
articulates with the trochlea of the humerus
The deltoid tuberosity of the humerus is found
at the midpoint of the shaft
The function of the vertebral processes is
attachment for muscles
The function of vertebral processes is
attachment site for muscles
The carpometacarpal joint consists of...
base of metacarpal bone & distal end of carpal bone
The tibiofemoral joint includes
both a & b (femur condyles // condyles of the tibia)
What is the function of the interosseous membrane between the ulna and the radius
both a & b (tendon attachment // joins the shafts of both bones)
The capitulum...
both a&b (articulates with the head of radius // is a rounded knob on the lateral aspect of the humerus)
Which ridge serves as an attachment point for tendons of the thigh muscles?
both a&b (gluteal tuberosity and linea aspera)
What is the function of the pelvic girdle?
both a&b (support for vertebral column //attachment site for lower limbs)
The hip joint is comprised of the
both a&c (femur and acetabulum)
An increase in bone growth is promoted by which hormones?
calcitonin and calcitriol
Bone reduction...
can be open or closed
These are extensions of the lacunae and are filled with extracellular fluid
canaliculi
These are extensions of the lacunae are are filled with extracellular fluid
canaliculi
Which is NOT a tarsal bone?
capitate
All of the following are functions of the human skeletal system except:
carbohydrate storage
Which of the following is NOT found in the axial skeleton?
carpals
In which phase of the human life cycle does bone deposition generally occur to a much greater degree than bone resorption?
childhood and adolescence
This is the anterior bone that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint
clavicle
Which of the following is a protein secreted by osteoblasts during bone deposition
collagen
Which of the following is NOT a step in the formation of endochondral bone?
connective tissue and osteoblasts deposit matrix and bone along membranes
Which of the following is a step in the formation of intramembranous bone?
connective tissue and osteoblasts deposit the matrix and bone forms along membranes; outside bone develops into periosteum and the surface osteoblasts form compact bone
What is inflammation of the costal cartilage called?
costochondritis
Bones in the following area protect the brain
cranium
During adulthood, which of the following does NOT contribute to bone remodeling and growth?
enzymes
The anatomical neck of the humerus includes the:
epiphyseal line
This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the Diaphysis to grow in length
epiphyseal plate
The proximal and distal ends of a bone are called the...
epiphysis
This is the region of a long bone that articulates with other bones
epiphysis
This cranial bone is anterior to the sphenoid and posterior to the nasal bones. It contains foramina for the olfactory cranial nerve
ethmoid
Within bone tissue, the material that surrounds individual bone cells is called the [ ? ]
extracellular matrix
Ribs that are not attached to the sternum at their anterior costal cartilages are known as
false floating (vertebral) ribs
Which gender shows the coccyx pointed inferiorly?
females
Which of the following is the correct sequence of bones of the lower limb, from proximal to distal ends?
femur, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
The lateral malleolus is found on the distal end of what bone?
fibula
One type of bone surface marking that allows for passage of blood vessels and nerves is a
fissure
The scapula is an example of a [ ? ] bone
flat
Bones that are generally thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone tissue closing a layer of spongy bone tissue are
flat bones
The bone's of the skull are an example of [ ? ]
flat bones
The mesenchyme-filled spaces that are present between cranial bones at birth are referred to as...
fontanelles
As the spinal cord exits the cranium, it passes through an opening called the [ ? ] of the occipital bone
foramen magnum
This type of fracture is considered a parietal fracture and is usually seen in children
greenstick
[ ? ] stimulates IGF which stimulates reproduction of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal disc
growth hormone
What is found in the glenoid cavity?
humerus
Which is found in the glenoid cavity?
humerus
Which of the following is the correct sequence of bones of the upper limb, from proximal to distal ends?
humerus, radius and ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
The process of intramembranous ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of mesenchyme tissue. In contrast, endochondral o ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of [ ? ]
hyaline cartilage
Which of the bones listed contribute to the acetabulum? ilium, ischium, or pubis
ilium, ischium, and pubis
When the amount of calcium in the blood rises above the homeostatic set point, which of the following processes acts to reduce the amount of calcium in the blood?
increasing the rate of bone desposition
The bones of the vertebrae are an example of
irregular bones
The mastoid process
is the point of attachment for several neck muscles
Which of the following is true for yellow marrow?
it can change to red marrow and store fat
Which of the following is not true for red marrow?
it can change to yellow marrow
Which of the following is true for red marrow?
it produces erythrocytes
Which of the following is not true for yellow marrow?
it produces red blood cells
Which list contains only facial bones?
lacrimal bones, zygomatic bones, mandible
Which of the following structures contain osteocytes?
lacunae
Which is found medially?
lesser trochanter
Osteons in compact bone tissue are aligned along
lines of stress
Which type of bone is the femur?
long bone
Of the following, which are the largest vertebrae?
lumbar
Which of the following minerals is needed when bones are growing?
magnesium
The clavicle articulates with which of the following to form the sternoclavicular joint?
manubrium
This is a structure of a long bone that stores energy
marrow
This facial bone articulates with teeth
maxillae
Which facial bone articulates with every other facial bones, except the mandible?
maxillae
A hollow cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty, yellow bone marrow in adults in called...
medullary cavity
A hollow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty, yellow bone marrow in adults is called the
medullary cavity
This is the region in mature bone where the diaphysis and the epiphysis join
metaphysis
On the proximal end of the humerus is found:
none of the above
The following is/are attachment sites on the clavicle
none of the above
Which of these receives the trochlea of the humerus?
none of the above
The coxal bones unite posteriorly at a joint called
none of the above :/
The coal bones unite posteriorly at a joint called:
none of the above, ya dink
This is the largest foramen in the skeleton
obturator foramen
Which of the following bones is not visible from the anterior view of the skull?
occipital
Which of the following is not a facial bone?
occipital
These projections on either side of the foramen magnum articulate with depressions on the first cervical vertebrae
occipital condyles
What bone feature of the second cervical vertebrae articulates with the first cervical vertebrae?
odontoid process
Which bone feature of the second cervical vertebrae articulates with the first cervical vertebrae?
odontoid process
Which is found in the elbow?
olecranon
The type of bone fracture characterized by the broken ends of the bone protruding through the skin is known as a(n)
open (compound fracture)
These are considered bone-building cells
osteoblasts
These are considered bone-dissolving cells
osteoclast
Which type of cell may differentiate into an osteoblast?
osteogenic cell
Put the bones cells in order of their maturation from unspecified to specialized
osteogenic, osteoblast, osteocytes
The components of compact bone tissue are arranged into repeating structural units called
osteons or Haversian systems
Bones mass reduction is promoted by which hormone?
parathyroid
What is the scapular notch used for?
passageway for a nerve
This is a bone that develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femurs muscle
patella
The [ ? ] is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering bones
periosteum
This is a lining found in bone that promotes bone growth in width
periosteum
This depression is found laterally and inferior to the trochlear notch
radial notch
Where does the biceps brachii muscle attach itself to the radius?
radial tuberosity
The correct sequences of processes that occur during bone elongation at the epiphyseal plate are:
resting, proliferation, hypertrophication, calcification
A vitamin A deficiency results in [ ? ], whereas a vitamin D deficiency results in [ ? ]
retardation of bone development; rickets
A vitamin D deficiency results in [ ? ], whereas a vitamin C deficiency results in [ ? ]
rickets; slender fragile bones
Which of the following do the pelvic girdles articulate with?
sacrum
The patella is an example of a [ ? ] bone
sesamoid
The carpals are examples of [ ? ] bones
short
This is a bone located within ankles or wrists
short bone
Which cranial bone articulates with every other cranial bone?
sphenoid
Which of the following is found in the axial skeleton?
sphenoid
What is the junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum called?
sternal angle
This part of the clavicle is rounded and articulates with the manubrium of the sternum
sternal end
Joe was found dead. His hyoid bone was broken. What was the most likely cause of death?
strangulation
These bones include the organs of hearing and balance and articulate with the mandible
temporal
Which bone includes an opening for the ear canal (the external auditory meatus) and articulates with the mandible?
temporal bone
The medial and lateral epicondyle are found on the distal end of the humerus and are used for
tendon attachment
The glenohumeral joint includes
the humerus and scapula
Which is not true of the skull bones?
the skull contains foraminas but no fissures
Which endocrine gland secretes calcitonin (CT)?
thyroid gland
About 25% of all stress fractures involve which bone?
tibia
Compact bones is composed of units called osteons. In contrast, spongy bone is composed of [ ? ]
trabeculae
Which of the following is NOT found in compact bone?
trabeculae
This is a spool shaped surface of the humerus medial to the capitulum that articulates with the ulna
trochlea
Which notch is found between the olecranon and coronoid process?
trochlear notch
Which notch is found between the olecranon and coronoid processes?
trochlear notch
Which of the following bone surface markings forms attachment points for connective tissue?
tuberosity
Cervical vertebrae can generally be identified by the presence of
two transverse foramen
cervical vertebrae can generally be identified by the presence of
two transverse foramen
Which is the longer bone?
ulna
During infancy, childhood, and adolescence, bones grow in length when cells in the [ ? ] undergo mitosis
zone of proliferating cartilage
The two bones that form the prominences of the cheeks as well as part of the lateral wall and floor of each orbit are the...
zygomatic bones
Which of the following is NOT found in spongy bone?
Haversian canals
Which of the following is NOT a step in the formation of endochondral bone?
Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue
Which of the following hipbones is superior?
Ilium
Which of the following is true of the radius?
It articulates with the lunate, scaphoid, & triquetrum at the wrist