A&P Ch.17 Vocab
Olfactory nerves
40 or so bundles of axons of olfactory receptor cells form the right and left olfactory (I) nerves
Olfactory tracts
A bundle of axons that extends posteriorly from the olfactory bulb to olfactory regions of the cerebral cortex.
presbyopia
A loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye due to advancing age, with resulting inability to focus clearly on near objects.
Olfactory bulbs
A mass of gray matter containing cell bodies of neurons that form synapses with neurons of the olfactory (I) nerve, lying inferior to the frontal lobe of the cerebrum on either side of the crista galli of the ethmoid bone.
odorants
Chemicals that bind to and stimulate the olfactory receptors in the olfactory cilia
tastants
Chemicals that stimulate gustatory receptor cells
Myopia
Defect in vision in which objects can be seen distinctly only when very close to the eyes; nearsightedness.
accommodation
The increase in the curvature of the lens for near vision
binocular vision
In humans, both eyes focus on only one set of objects
near point of vision
The minimum distance from the eye that an object can be clearly focused with maximum accommodation.
Refraction
When light rays traveling through a transparent substance (such as air) pass into a second transparent substance with a different density (such as water), they bend at the junction between the two substances.
Lysozyme
a protective bactericidal enzyme. The fluid protects, cleans, lubricates, and moistens the eyeball.
conjuctiva
a thin, protective mucous membrane composed of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with numerous goblet cells that is supported by areolar connective tissue.
Hearing
ability to perceive sounds
taste buds
an oval body consisting of three kinds of epithelial cells: supporting cells, gustatory receptor cells, and basal cells
Foliate Papillae
are located in small trenches on the lateral margins of the tongue
astigmatism
either the cornea or the lens has an irregular curvature. As a result, parts of the image are out of focus, and thus vision is blurred or distorted.
papilae
elevations on the tongue
hyperopia
farsightedness, also known as hypermetropia, the eyeball length is short relative to the focusing power of the cornea and lens, or the lens is thinner than normal, so an image converges behind the retina
Vallate Papillae
form an inverted V-shaped row at the back of the tongue.
electromagnetic radiation
is energy in the form of waves that radiates from the sun.
convergence
medial movement of the two eyeballs so that both are directed toward the object being viewed. Ex: tracking a pencil moving toward your eyes.
fungiform papillae
mushroom-shaped elevations scattered over the entire surface of the tongue
olfactory epithelium
occupies the superior part of the nasal cavity, covering the inferior surface of the cribriform plate and extending along the superior nasal concha.
taste pore
opening in taste bud
filiform papillae
pointed, threadlike structures contain tactile receptors but no taste buds. They increase friction between the tongue and food, making it easier for the tongue to move food in the oral cavity.
gustatory microvilli (hairs)
project from each gustatory receptor cell to the external surface through the taste pore
Olfactory receptors
proteins that detect inhaled chemicals.
electromagnetic spectrum
range of electromagnetic radiation
visual acuity
resolution (sharpness of vision)
tarsal glands
secrete a fluid that helps keep the eyelids from adhering to each other
Olfaction
sense of smell
Gustation
sense of taste
gustatory receptor cells
sensory cells in the taste bud that transduce the chemical stimuli of gustation
basal cells
stem cells found at the periphery of the taste bud near the connective tissue layer, produce supporting cells, which then develop into gustatory receptor cells.
vision
the act of seeing
olfactory receptor cells
the first-order neurons of the olfactory pathway.
visible light
the part of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths ranging from about 400 to 700 nm.
opthamology
the science that deals with the eyes and their disorders.
olfactory cilia
which are the sites of olfactory transduction.