A&P Chapter 2 Chemistry Comes Alive - Practice Test (flower game)

Something with a pH of 5 would __________. A. have fewer H+ ions than OH- ions B. have more H+ ions than OH- ions C. be described as being basic D. be described as being neutral

have more H+ ions than OH- ions

Which of the following lipids are thought to decrease heart disease? steroids omega-3 fatty acids trans fats phospholipids

omega-3 fatty acids

Enzymes are unchanged in a reaction; they can be reused, and are not needed in large quantities. True False

True

Reactions which release energy are specifically __________. exchange reactions catabolic reactions exergonic reactions anabolic reactions

exergonic reactions

An acid can be described as a proton acceptor. True False

false

What is the monomer of a lipid?

fatty acid

The difference between a colloid and a suspension is __________. A. A colloid can undergo sol-gel transformation, whereas a suspension cannot. B. A colloid is a homogenous solution, while a suspension is a heterogeneous solution. C. In a colloid, particles settle out in time, whereas this does not take place in a suspension. D. A suspension causes light to scatter, while a beam of light passing through a colloid does not scatter.

A. A colloid can undergo sol-gel transformation, whereas a suspension cannot.

Which of the following is true of atoms? A. Atoms of any given element will differ from those of all other elements and provide its unique physical and chemical properties. B. An atom will always display a negative electrical charge. C. Atoms are composed of more or less identical particles or building blocks, called elements. D. Depending upon the number of neutrons, an atom may possess a positive, negative, or neutral electrical charge.

A. Atoms of any given element will differ from those of all other elements and provide its unique physical and chemical properties.

In hydrolysis __________. A. a molecule of water is added for each bond broken B. electrons are lost from a reactant C. a molecule of water is removed when proteins are synthesized from smaller molecules D. a reactant accepts electrons

A. a molecule of water is added for each bond broken

Which of the following is the primary energy-transferring molecule in cells? DNA ATP adenine NADH

ATP ATP is the main energy currency of a cell.

Which of the following statements about kinetic energy is INCORRECT? A. It works by moving objects. B. It is a type of stored energy. C. It is energy in action. D. It can do work by moving one object to start a series of objects moving.

B. It is a type of stored energy.

Chemical bonds __________. A. take a long time to break B. are energy relationships between the electrons of the reacting atoms C. are physical structures that hold atoms together D. are energy relationships between the protons of the reacting atoms

B. are energy relationships between the electrons of the reacting atoms

Each known element is designated with a one- or two-letter chemical shorthand known as the __________. A. atomic weight B. atomic symbol C. atomic number D. atomic mass unit

B. atomic symbol

Ninety-six percent of body weight is made up of __________. A. 92 elements B. four elements C. 112 elements C. 20 elements

B. four elements

A homogenous mixture of gases, liquids, or solids is referred to as a __________. A. mixture B. solution C. solvent D. solute

B. solution

Which of the following is NOT a way to distinguish an acid from a base? A. When tasting an acidic substance, it will have a sour taste. B. A basic substance will have a slippery feel. C. An acidic substance will have a sticky feel. D. When tasting a basic substance, it will have a bitter taste.

C. An acidic substance will have a sticky feel. Acids have a sour taste, can react with (dissolve) many metals, and "burn" a hole in your rug. Bases have a bitter taste and feel slippery.

Which of the following is NOT true of DNA? A. DNA replicates itself before cell division, ensuring that all genetic information in the descendent cells is identical. B. The DNA molecule is coiled into a spiral staircase-like structure called a double helix. C. DNA carries out the orders for protein synthesis issued by RNA. D. DNA provides the basic instructions for building every protein in the body.

C. DNA carries out the orders for protein synthesis issued by RNA.

Which of the following does NOT represent an accurate hierarchy in the natural combination of matter? A. A molecule contains two or more atoms. B. Mixtures are substances composed of two or more components physically blended. C. When two or more similar kinds of atoms bind, they form an isotope. D. Protons, neutrons, and electrons comprise atoms, which chemically bond with other atoms to form molecules.

C. When two or more similar kinds of atoms bind, they form an isotope.

If the pH or temperature of the environment that contains a protein is altered dramatically, then the protein may __________. A. become overly active B. take on a quaternary structure C. become denatured D. take on an alpha helical structure

C. become denatured

Which of the following types of energy moves in waves? A. chemical energy B. mechanical energy C. radiant energy D. electrical energy

C. radiant energy

The outermost energy shell of an atom is known as its __________. A. energy level B. orbital model C. valence shell D. electron shell

C. valence shell

Which of the following is true of an isotope? A. All isotopes of a given element are found in equal amounts in nature. B. Isotopes have the same number of neutrons, but differ in the number of protons they contain. C. Isotopes only exist for a few elements. D. Isotopes have the same number of protons, but differ in the number of neutrons they contain.

D. Isotopes have the same number of protons, but differ in the number of neutrons they contain.

Which of the following is a property of matter? A. In all cases, matter can be seen, smelled, and felt. B. The weight of matter remains constant wherever the object is. C. Mass of an object can change depending upon a variety of factors including gravitational pull, atmospheric pressure, and temperature. D. Matter can exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous states.

D. Matter can exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous states.

Which of the following best defines potential energy? A. Potential energy is energy that travels in waves, and includes visible light and radio waves. B. Potential energy is energy that cannot be converted to kinetic energy. C. Potential energy is energy that has achieved its potential—energy in action, seen in the constant movement of the tiniest particles of matter, as well as in larger objects. D.Potential energy is stored energy, which has the capacity to do work, but is not presently doing so.

D. Potential energy is stored energy, which has the capacity to do work, but is not presently doing so.

Which of the following statements about a dipole is INCORRECT? A. An example of a dipole molecule is water. B. They orient themselves towards other dipole molecules. C. They play essential roles in chemical reactions in body cells. D. The dipole molecules are electrically balanced.

D. The dipole molecules are electrically balanced.

Polar molecules are electrically balanced, due to the equal sharing of electrons between the atoms of the molecules. True False

False. Nonpolar molecules are electrically balanced due to the equal sharing of electrons between the atoms of the molecules. Polar molecules are created due to unequal electron pair sharing. Water is one of the most important polar molecules in a living system.

Electrons bear a positive charge equal in strength to the negative charge of the proton. True False

False. The tiny electrons (e-) bear a negative charge equal in strength to the positive charge of the proton.

Which of the following types of chemical reactions always involves atoms or molecules combining to form a larger, more complex molecule? decomposition Synthesis exchange hydrolysis

Synthesis. When atoms or molecules combine to form a larger, more complex molecule, the process is a synthesis reaction.

Elements are unique substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means. True False

True

All organic molecules contain carbon. True False

True All organic compounds contain carbon.

The major function of RNA is to carry out the genetic instructions for protein synthesis. True False

True RNA carries out the genetic instructions for protein synthesis.

Emulsions are heterogeneous mixtures. True False

True. Colloids, also called emulsions, are heterogeneous mixtures, which means that their composition is dissimilar in different areas of the mixture.

The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus. True False

True. The atomic number of any atom is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus.

Sugars contain all of the following, EXCEPT __________. hydrogen carbon oxygen calcium

calcium

What is the monomer of a protein?

amino acid

When atoms or molecules combine to form larger, more complex molecules, the process is known as __________. catabolism anabolism exchange decomposition

anabolism

Which of the following factors would speed up the rate of a chemical reaction? large particles lower temperature removing the biological catalysts high concentration of reagents

high concentration of reagents

pH is a concentration unit used to measure the concentration of __________. hydrogen ions in a solution hydroxyl ions in a solution anions in a solution cations in a solution

hydrogen ions in a solution

All electrolytes are __________. nonpolar molecules polar molecules acids ions

ions

Prostaglandins are __________. proteins lipids enzymes carbohydrates

lipids

What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?

monosaccharide

What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?

nucleotide

Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic elements that comprise approximately 96% of a human's body weight? A. potassium B. hydrogen C. carbon D. oxygen

potassium

The sequence of amino acids in a protein constitutes the __________ structure of the protein. secondary quaternary primary tertiary

primary

Buffers tend to prevent dramatic changes in the pH when __________ are added to a solution. glucose molecules oxygen molecules proton donors or proton acceptors hydrogen gas molecules

proton donors or proton acceptors

Buffers __________. A. build carbohydrates B. stabilize pH C. are strong acids D. serve as an energy source for a cell

stabilize pH Buffers help to stabilize pH.

The important cholesterol-based molecules are __________. steroids fatty acids phospholipids proteins

steroids

In an ionic bond, __________. A. atoms share electrons equally B. there is a transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other C. shared neutrons occupy a single orbital common to both atoms within a molecule D. a hydrogen atom, already covalently linked to one electronegative atom (usually nitrogen or oxygen), is attracted by another electron-hungry atom, so that a bridge forms between them

there is a transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other.

A charged particle is called an ion. True False

true

In biochemistry, and thus in the body, the universal solvent is __________. Alcohol water lymph oxygen blood

water. A solvent is something that dissolves a solute. Water is the body's chief solvent. In fact, more things can dissolve in water than in any other solvent known to mankind. For this reason water is often called the "universal solvent."