A&P Final

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One-fifth, as an approximation, of all blood circulating via the cardiovascular system cycles through the renal system each minute.

True

Ovulation generally occurs 14 days prior to the beginning of the subsequent menstrual period

True

Paneth cells produce and secrete enzymes responsible for hindering bacterial proliferation in the small intestine

True

Paneth cells produce and secrete enzymes responsible for hindering bacterial proliferation in the small intestine.

True

Pepsin is a derivative enzyme of pepsinogen.

True

Prostate secretions are slightly acidic

True

Reinke crystalloids are present only in post-pubescent periods.

True

Saliva contain a small amount of fat-digesting lipase.

True

Saliva contains a small amount of fat-digesting lipase

True

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and carbonic acid (H2CO3) are considered to be buffer pairs.

True

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) increases pH.

True

Tallness tends to be linked to late sexual maturation in men.

True

The appendix serves as a storage site for bacterial production from vitamins such as vitamin K and biotin (B7).

True

The lower esophageal sphincter (LES), positioned inferior to the diaphragm, separates with esophagus from the stomach

True

The philtrum is a vertical groove marking the midline of the upper lip

True

The prostate gland aids in seminal fluid development.

True

The pulse rate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion impacts follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

True

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) begins via juxtaglomerular apparatus secretion and ends with decreased fluid output via urine

True

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) begins via juxtaglomerular apparatus secretion and ends with decreased fluid output via urine.

True

The visceral layer of the peritoneum is deep to the parietal layer

True

Vitamin D is synthesized within the kidney to its active form.

True

interstitial cells of the male reproductive system produce testosterone

True

Adipose tissue contains more water than bone tissue.

False

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases water loss via increase urine volume.

False

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases water loss via increased urine volume.

False

Approximately 270 g of glucose is lost via filtration and subsequently via urine excretion.

False

Deglutition moves a bolus past the nasopharynx

False

During periods of hypotension, the juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes aldosterone.

False

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteninzing hormone (LH) are secreted via the posterior pituitary gland.

False

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) fluctuates urine volume more so than tubular reabsorption.

False

Lacteals of the lymphatic system embed each microvillus

False

Secretions via seminal vesicles are acidic

False

Seminiferous tubules produce and secrete androgen-binding protein (ABP) as well as testosterone

False

Sperm production begins in infancy.

False

The anterior wall of the vagina is longer than the posterior

False

The average pH of venous blood is slightly higher than the average pH of arterial blood

False

The average pH of venous blood is slightly higher than the average pH of arterial blood.

False

Bilirubin is a component of bile, produced from hemolytic remains

True

Bilirubin is a component of bile, produced from hemolytic remains.

True

Bodily fluid measurements by percentage of total weight are highest in infants.

True

Cellulose is non-digestible in humans.

True

Microvilli exist within the walls of proximal convoluted tubules

True

Prolactin aid in ejection of milk from mammary tissues, whereas oxytocin aid in milk production

False

The earliest detection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) production relating to pregnancy occurs...

2 days after implantation

Protein exists in high numbers in interstitial fluid than plasma

False

Approximately how much bile is secreted from the liver daily in a typical adult?

1 pint

the haploid number is...

23

The pyloric sphincter separates the stomach from the...

Duodenum

Maltose is hydrolyzed by...

Maltase

All fimbriae projecting from the distal ends of uterine tubes connect with the associated ovary

false

During periods of hypetention, the juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes aldosterone

false

Gamete cells from each gender generally meet and unite in the uterus

false

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) fluctuates urine volume more so than tubular reabsorption

false

Lactic acid is a byproduct of aerobic metabolism

false

Sperm production begins in infancy

false

The right kidney is slightly larger than the left kindney

false

Ureters attach to the urinary bladder at the most superior aspect of the bladder

false

X-linked recessive chromosome traits appear more frequently in female populations

false

embryo is used to describe development of cells after the eight week of gestation

false

every cell in the human body contains 46 chromosomes

false

fraternal twins share a placenta

false

haploid ova contain 46 chromosomes

false

male offspring will inherit their mother's eye color due photopigments of the retina coming from genes of the X chromosome

false

men can only produce male offspring due to their Y chromosome

false

spermatozoa cell are capable of surviving within the female reproductive tract for more than one week

false

the genes responsible for albinism is dominant

false

Which of the following draw fluid into capillary vessels

interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (IFHP)

fertilization generally occurs in which anatomical structure

oviduct

A typical value of HCO3-, measured via an arterial blood gas (ABG) test, is...

25 mEq/L

Spermatozoa cells maturate in the epididymis for a period of...

3 weeks

The urinary bladder is located within the abdominal peritoneum

False

seminferous tubules produce and secrete androgen-binding protein (ABP) as well as testosterone

False

The male genital duct system contains two prostate ducts

Flase

Endocrine cells of the gastric pits of the stomach secrete

Ghrelin

Endocrine cells of the gastric pits of the stomach secrete...

Ghrelin

Which of the following is not a substance within typical urine?

Glucose

Intrinsic factor, secreted by parietal cells within gastric pits of the stomach, aids in protecting which of the following from hydrochlroic acid (HCl)?

Vitamin B12

Chief cells of the gastric pits of the stomach secrete..

enzymes of gastric juice

Acrosomal enzymes are located within the tail of spermatozoa cells

false

Adipose tissue contains more water than bone tissue

false

A typical value of HCO3-, measured via an arterial blood gas (ABG) test, is..

25 mEq/L

at what day after conception does a blastocyst fully implant within the endometrial lining the uterus?

10

Deciduous teeth appear between roughly six months and three years, account for how many total teeth?

20

at what day, of approximation, does the heart of an embryo begin to beat in gestation?

35

A typical value of Pco2, measured via an arterial blood gas (ABG) test, is...

40 mm Hg

A typical value of Pco2, measured via arterial blood gas (ABG) test, is...

40mm Hg

Which of the following is a plausible amount of bile stored in the gallbladder?

45 mL

the diploid number is...

46

In normal circumstances, chyme takes how long to travel from the pyloric sphincter to the cecum?

5 hours

The average pH of urine is...

6

At what age is it common to loose a deciduous tooth?

8

placental secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) peaks at what week of gestation?

8

What approximate percentage of all nephrons exist entirely within the renal corex?

85%

What approximate percentage of all nephrons exist entirely within the renal cortex?

85%

What is the optimal temperature for spermatozoa cell production?

93.2 F

The kidneys are directly responsible for maintenance of the homeostatic balance of...

All of the above

Which of the following are contractile or erectile tissues of the penis?

All of the above

Which of the following is a salivary gland of the mouth?

All of the above

Which of the following is a segment of the nephron

All of the above

Which of the following is a segment of the renal tubule Henle loop Distal convoluted tubule Proximal convoluted tubule All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is classified as a protease?

All of the above

Which of the following is found in semem? Prostaglandins Fructose Spermatozoa cells

All of the above

Which of the following is found in semen?

All of the above

Which of the following ligaments hold the uterus in place?

All of the above

Which of the following routes are taken by water out of the body?

All of the above

Which hormone, secreted by the posterior pituitary gland, aids in the reabsorption of water from renal tubules and collecting ducts?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which of the following press fluid out of the capillary vessels

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

The appendix descends from which aspect of the large intestine?

Cecum

Which of the following stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder?

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Concentric and eccentric contraction of which muscle allows for elevation and depression, respectively of the scrotum?

Dartos

Gastric inhibitory peptide has which of the following effects on the stomach?

Decrease in peristalsis

Which of the following is considered harder than bone?

Enamel

Which of the following is the most superfical aspect of a tooth?

Enamel

Acrosomal enzymes are located within the tail of spermatozoa.

False

Lactic acid is a byproduct of aerobic metabolism.

False

Mucous cells of the alimentary canal produce digestive enzymes.

False

Once within the digestive tract, ingested food is considered to be a part of the internal environment of the body

False

Only one spermatozoa cell is necessary for fertilization of an ovum.

False

Reabsorption is limited to the proximal convoluted tubules

False

Renal columns are comprised of medullary tissue

False

Salivary amylase functions optimally at a pH of less than four.

False

The chief regulator of the movement of water across phospholipid bilayers of cell membranes is hydrostatic pressure.

False

The esophagus lies anterior to the heart

False

The gallbladder produces and secretes bile.

False

The head or cap of spermatozoa cells are filled with mitochondria to propel the unique cellular structure

False

The parietal layer of a Bowman's capsule is comprised of permeable podocytes

False

The pylorus of the stomach is the most superior aspect of the stomach

False

The pylorus of the stomach is the most superior aspect of the stomach.

False

The right kidney is slightly larger than the left kidney

False

The submandibular glands secrete mucus only

False

The urinary bladder is located within the abdominal perioneum.

False

Chylomicrons are followed by which organelle of absorptive cells?

Golgi apparatus

The medial concave curvature of each kidney is know as the...

Hilum

which hormone stimulates the corpus luteum to continue secreting progesterone after fertilization?

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Which of the following draw fluid into capillary vessels?

Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (IFHP)

Which of the following carbohydrates is classified as a disaccharide?

Lactose

Movement of a bolus from the pharynx downward into the esophagus is controlled via the deglutition center, located within the...

Medulla

The innermost layer of gastrointestinal walls is termed

Mucosa

The innermost layer of gastrointestinal walls is termed...

Mucosa

Which layer of the gastrointestinal wall is comprised of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle?

Muscularis

Apart from post-pubescent periods, the period of highest testosterone content within blood plasma is...

The second trimester in utero

The process of bolus movement controlled by smooth muscle contractions is best defined as...

Peristalsis

Which of the following is not a cation?

Phosphate (HPO4=)

Which of the following is the most abundant cation in intracellular fluid?

Potassium (K+)

Which of the following secretes fluid composing roughly 30% of total seminal fluid volume

Prostate gland

The process of bolus or chyme movement back and forth by smooth muscles contraction is best defined as...

Segmentation

Which of the following is not a portion of the colon?

Triennial

A blood-testis barrier (BTB) exists to protect developing spermatozoa cells from in the immune system.

True

Acetaminophen is detoxified in the liver.

True

All digestive enzymes can be classified as hydrolases.

True

Alterations in pH can change the shape of an enzyme.

True

Although only contributing to approx. 5% of total seminal fluid volume, the testes and epididymis produce hundreds of millions of sperm

True

An anatomist may divide the digestive tract into foregut, midgut, and hindgut from an embryological perspective.

True

Approx. 180L of plasma is filtered through the glomerulus each day

True

Areolar tissues of the breast are capable of secreting pheromones

True

Bicarbonate (HCO3) is utilized in the renal system to alter pH levels

True

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) exists in the cytoplasm or cytosol of erythrocytes.

True

Carotid bodies, a form of chemoreceptor, are responsible signaling necessary adjustments from altered pH.

True

Deglutition is the process of swallowing and moving a bouis through the esophagus into the stomach

True

Each anal column contains artery and vein.

True

Efferent arterioles within renal tissues are smaller in diameter than afferent arterioles

True

Estrogen is a steroid derivative of testosterone.

True

Fluid output cannot be halted to zero

True

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) correlates with sperm production

True

Glucose is classified as a nonelectrolyte

True

Hydrostatic pressure is the primary diver of filtration within renal tissues

True

Hyperventilation rids the body of excess carbon dioxide and in turn, carbonic acid

True

Hyperventilation rids the body of excess carbon dioxide, and in turn, carbonic acid.

True

Incontinence refers to involuntary micturition

True

Incontinence refers to involuntary micturition.

True

Inhibin, secreted by sustentacular cells, inhibit follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

True

Interstitial fluid is classified as extracellular fluid (ECF).

True

Kinases are often responsible for the activation of enzymes via their interaction with proenzymes.

True

Kupffer cells are macrophages

True

Luteinizing hormone (LH) correlates with the testosterone production

True

Mastication is the primary means of mechanical digestion in the oral cavity

True

Neutrality of pH exists at a level of 7 on the pH scale.

True

Occupancy of spermatozoa cells within the vas deferens depends on the frequency of ejaculation.

True

One-fifth, as an approximation, of all blood circulating via the cardiovascular system cycles through the renal system each minute

True

Pepsin is a derivative enzyme of pepsinogen

True

Progesterone secretion attracts spermatozoa cells and increases their motility

True

Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is secreted within pancreatic juice from acinar cells of the pancreas

True

The external urethral sphincter is under voluntary or somatic control.

True

The renal pelvis stems from major and minor calyces and continues into a renal ureter.

True

The stomach is located within the abdominal peritoneum

True

The sublingual glands secrete mucus without serous

True

Which of the following is a segment of the renal tubule? Distal convoluted tubule proximal convoluted tubule henle loop

all of the above

which of the following hormones are released by the corpus luteum?

all of the above

enamel stems from which primary germ layer?

ectoderm

the tonsils stem from which of primary germ layer?

endoderm

which layer of the uterus sloughs off during menstruation?

endometrium

A bowman's capsule joins an adjacent glomerulus via a basement membrane

true

An ectopic pregnancy refers to fertilization and development of a fetus in an area other than the uterus

true

An episiotomy is a surgical procedure in which an intentional incision is made in the perineum

true

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) exists in the cytoplasm or cytosol of erythrocytes

true

Carotid bodies, a form of chemoreceptor, are responsible signaling necessarey adjustments from altered pH

true

Cells of the trophoblast, secrete human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

true

Evidence suggests that within human physiology, muscle fibers can be lost, but cannot be created

true

Gastrin aids in secretion of hydorchloric acid (HCI)

true

Hydrostatic pressure is the primary driver of filtration within renal tissues

true

Hyperventilation rids the body of excess carbon dioxide, and in turn, carbonic acid

true

Interstitial cells of the male reproductive system produce testosterone

true

Neutrality of pH exists at a level of 7 on the pH scale

true

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is located along the afferent arteriole at a point where it moves adjacently along the distal convoluted tubule

true

The largest gland in the body is the liver

true

The lingual frenulum anchors the tongue with the floor of the mouth

true

The parotid glands secrete enzymes in a watery serous without mucus

true

The renal pelvis stems from major and minor calyces and continues into a renal ureter

true

exercise and sufficient calcium dietary intake aid in bone mineral density maintenance

true

histones are cylindrical protein structures which aid in the coiling of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

true

identical twins are a result of zygote splitting

true

meiosis generates daughter cells which possess half the chromosomes of the parent cell

true

ossicles of the middle ear can become more fixed with age

true

progesterone secretion inhibits oxytocin (OT) release

true

sickle cell anemia is resistant against plasmodium parasites

true

spermatozoa cells are attracted to uterine tubes, in part due to increased temperatures within uterine tubes, via a process known as thermotaxis

true

the adrenal cortex secretes progesterone

true

the beta chain of hemoglobin is affected by the sickle cell anemia gene

true

the majority of infants is able to crawl around ten months of age

true

which of the following is the term used to describe the first cell of a new individual?

zygote


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