A&P I Lab - Ch 7-12: Skeletal System and Joints Test Review

Which of the following is true of short bones? -short bones are cube-shaped, being approximately equal in length, width, and thickness -short bones reinforce tendons, protecting them from stress and wear -short bones vary in shape and structure, depending on their location in the body -short bones function as levers, moving when muscles contract

Short bones are cube-shaped, being approximately equal in length, width, and thickness.

Which of the following is a characteristic of sesamoid bones? -they protect internal organs -they form tendons -they only exist in the axial skeleton -they are thin and curved

They form in tendons

which of the following statements accurately compares two types of fractures? -a greenstick fracture is a partial break, whereas a comminuted feature occurs when a bone is crushed into three or more pieces -a communited fracture is a partial break, whereas a open fracture occurs when a bone is crushed into three or more pieces

a greenstick fracture is a partial break, whereas a comminuted fracture occurs when a bone is crushed into three or more pieces

if you were explaining to a friend how the wrist joint moves, you would include all of the following motions in your explanation except: -circumduction -extension -flexion -abduction

abduction

which of the following most accurately distinguishes ball-and-socket joints from other types of synovial joints? -ball-and-socket joints have the least range of motion -ball-and-socket joints are less likely to develop arthritis -ball-and-socket are the only ones that allow for rotation motions -ball-and-socket joints have the greatest range of motion

ball-and-socket joints have the greatest range of motion

if you were explaining long bone formation to a friend who does not understand the process, which of the following would you likely include in your explanation?

blood vessels penetrate the hyaline cartilage and deliver osteoblasts, which lay down bone material

Which of the following is a similarity between long bones and short bones? -both are found mostly in the axial skeleton -both are approximately equal in length, width, and thickness -both are longer than they are wide -both are found only in the appendicular skeleton

both are found only in the appendicular skeleton

Which part of the spine includes the atlas and axis? -cervical spine -sacral spine -thoracic spine -lumbar spine

cervical spine

from superior to inferior, which of the following lists the sections of the vertebral column in the correct order? -sacral, lumbar, thoracic, cervical -cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral -cervical, lumbar, sacral, thoracic -thoracic, lumber, sacral, cervical

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

which of the following explains the difference between the structure of compact bone and spongy bone? -compact bone tissue is made up of structural units called osteons, whereas spongy bone tissue is made up of a lattice of struts called trabeculae -compact bone tissue is made up of structural units called trabeculae, whereas spongy bone tissue is made up of a lattice of struts called osteons

compact bone tissue is made up of structural units called osteons, whereas spongy bone tissue is made up of a lattice of struts called trabeculae

which of the following list layers of a long bone from exterior to interior? -compact bone, spongy bone, medullary cavity, bone marrow -spongy bone, medullary cavity, bone marrow, compact bone -compact bone, medullary cavity, spongy bone, bone marrow -bone marrow, spongy bone, compact bone, medullary cavity

compact bone, spongy bone, medullary cavity, bone marrow

the joint between the radius and the carpal bones is an example of a _________ joint. -condyloid -hinge -gliding -saddle

condyloid

a long bone consists of a shaft, or _____, and a(n) _______ at each end -medullary cavity, periosteum -diaphysis, epiphysis -periosteum, diaphysis -epiphysis, diaphysis

diaphysis, epiphysis

which of the following accurately compares endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification? -endochondral ossification is the process in which hyaline cartilage is replaced with bone and grows, whereas intramembranous ossification is the process of flat bones developing from connective tissue -intramembranous ossification is the process in which hyaline cartilage is replaced with bone and grows, whereas endochondral ossification is the process of flat bones developing from connective tissue

endochondral ossification is the process in which hyaline cartilage is replaced with bone and grows, whereas intramembranous ossification is the process of flat bones developing from connective tissue

Which bone is part of the orbit and the nasal septum? -ethmoid -palatine bones -lacrimal bones -frontal bone

ethmoid

yellow bone marrow consists mostly of: -blood cells -fat -bone -proteins

fat

if your instructor asked you to list the bones of the lower limb, from thigh to foot, which of the following would be the correct order? -phalanges, metatarsals, tarsals, tibia and fibula, patella, femur -tibia and fibula, patella, femur, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges -femur, patella, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges -patella, femur, tarsals, metatarsals, tibia and fibula, phalanges

femur, patella, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

in the process of bone repair, ____ penetrate the area and build a callus that bridges the broken bone. -osteoblasts -osteocytes -fibroblasts -osteoclasts

fibroblasts

Which of the following is an accurate comparison between flat and long bones? -flat bones protect internal organs, whereas long bones absorb stress and support body weight -both flat bones and long bones support body weight -both flat bones and long bones protect internal organs -flat bones absorb stress and support body weight, whereas long bones provide internal organs

flat bones absorb stress and support body weight, whereas long bones provide internal organs

which of the following motions are associated with hinge joints? -flexion and extension -rotational movements -anterior-posterior and medial-lateral movements -side to side movements

flexion and extension

if your instructor asked you to list the cranial bones from anterior to posterior, which of the following would be correct? -occipital, temporal, parietal, sphenoid, frontal, ethmoid -frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, parietal, temporal, occipital -temporal, frontal, parietal, occipital, ethmoid, sphenoid -frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, parietal, temporal, occipital

if a friend asked you to explain the different types of synarthroses, which of the following might be included in your explanation? -sutures are immovable fibrous joints between the teeth and the mandible or maxilla -sychrondoses are immovable cartilaginous joints that only occur in the skull -gomphoses are immovable cartilaginous joints between the ribs and sternum -gomphoses are immovable fibrous joints between the teeth and the mandible or maxilla

gomphoses are immovable fibrous joints between the teeth and the mandible or maxilla

which of the following joints is a ball-and-socket joint? -hip joint -elbow joint -intervertebral joints -atlanto-axial joints

hip joint

which of the following is the longest bone in the body? -tibia -femur -humerus -sternum

humerus

in ______ fractures, one end of the broken bone is driven into the other end -impacted -compound -comminuted -greenstick

impacted

How does the sacrum differ in the male and female body? -in the female, the sacrum is shorter and wider than in the male and directed more obliquely backward, increasing the size of the pelvic cavity -in the female, the sacrum is longer and narrower than in the male and directed more obliquely forward, decreasing the size of the pelvic cavity -in the male, the sacrum is longer and narrower than in the female and directed more obliquely forward, decreasing the size of the pelvic cavity -in the male, the sacrum is shorter and wider than in the female and directed more obliquely backward, increasing the size of the pelvic cavity

in the female, the sacrum is shorter and wider than in the male and directed more obliquely backward, increasing the size of the pelvic cavity

red bone marrow is found in all of the following except: -the ends of long bone -flat bones -in the networks of spongy bone tissue -in the medullary cavity of long bones

in the medullary cavity of long bones

carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when: -the flexor retinaculum spasms, tightening the carpal tunnel -a carpal bone is fractured, causing bleeding in the carpal tunnel -inflammation of the synovial membrane surrounding the flexor tendons compress the median nerve -the median nerve sends signals to the carpal tunnel, causing bleeding and inflammation

inflammation in the synovial membrane surrounding the flexor tendons compress the median nerve

the formation of flat bone from connective tissue occurs through the process of -cartilage templates -bone remodeling -intramembranous ossification -endochondrial ossification

intramembraneous ossification

the pelvic bones are ______ bones -short -irregular -flat -sesamoid

irregular

If you were giving an oral report on the structure and functions of irregular bones, your report should include all of the following except: -irregular bones include the pelvic bones, which support the vertebral column -irregular bones are small and round and embedded in tendons -irregular bones include the vertebrae, which support the spinal cord and protect it from compressive forces -irregular bones tend to have complex shapes

irregular bones are small and round and embedded in tendons

Which of the following differentiates irregular bones from the other type of bones? -irregular bones do not have any set functions -irregular bones are the largest bones in the body -irregular bones are only found in the knee -irregular bones do not have easily characterized shapes

irregular bones do not have easily characterized shapes

The tibia and fibula are ________ bones. -sesamoid -short -long -flat

long

If you were describing the bones in the hand to a friend, which two types of bones would your description include? -long and short bones -irregular and long bones -flat and irregular bones -sesamoid and short bones

long and short bones

If you were giving an oral report on the functions of long bones which would you likely include? -long bones provide stability and support, as well as some limited motion -long bones protect internal organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs -long bones reinforce tendons, protecting them from wear and tear -long bones support the weight of the body and facilitate movement

long bones support the weight of the body and facilitate movement

which of the following facial bones is the only moveable bone(s) in the skull? -mandible -maxillae -nasal bones -vomer

mandible

which cranial bone is supported by the vertebral column and articulates with the atlas in a way that allows rotation of the head? -parietal -sphenoid -occipital -temporal

occipital

if you were explaining osteoarthritis to a friend who does not understand this condition, which of the following would you likely include in your explanation? -osteoarthritis occurs when too much articular cartilage is produced, causing pain and inflammation -osteoarthritis occurs when articular cartilage degenerates, causing pain and inflammation -osteoarthritis occurs when unhealthy joint cartilage is formed, causing pain and inflammation -osteoarthritis occurs when joint cartilage is formed during embryonic development and is thus know as growing pains

osteoarthritis occurs when articular cartilage degenerates, causing pain and inflammation

which of the following accurately compares the different types of bone cells? -osteoblasts synthesize bone matrix, osteoclasts break down bone matrix, and osteocytes maintain bone tissue structure -osteoclasts synthesize bone matrix, osteoblasts break down bone matrix, and osteocytes maintain bone tissue structure -osteocytes synthesize bone matrix, osteoblasts break down bone matrix, and osteoclasts maintain bone tissue structure -osteoblasts synthesize bone matrix, osteocytes break down bone matrix, and osteoclasts maintain bone tissue structure

osteoblasts synthesize bone matrix, osteoclasts break down bone matrix, and osteocytes maintain bone tissue structure

during lone bone formation, _______ lay down bone material, replacing _________ -osteoblasts, chondroblasts -chondroblasts, hyaline cartilage -osteoblasts, hyaline cartilage -chondroblasts, osteoblasts

osteoblasts, hyaline cartilage

if you were explaining flat bone formation to a friend who does not understand the process, all of the following would likely be included in your explanation except

osteoclasts cluster together, secrete bone matrix, and develop not osteocytes

if you were giving an oral report on bone repair, all of the following would be points in your presentation except

osteocytes transform the fibrocartilaginous callus into bone

compact bone tissue is made up of structural units called -red bone marrow -periosteum -trabeculae -osteons

osteons

if a friend asked you to explain osteoporosis, which of the following might be a point you would make? -osteoporosis is a condition in which overall tissue loss within bones results in bone pain, tenderness, and weakened and brittle bones -osteoporosis is a condition of bones secrete nutrients to the compact bone

osteoporosis is a condition in which overall tissue loss within bones results in bone pain, tenderness, and weakened and brittle bones

Which of the cranial bones is connected to all four major skull cultures? -occipital bone -parietal bone -frontal bone -temporal bone

parietal bones

Which of the following is a sesamoid bone? -femur -humerus -sternum -patella

patella

which of the following is a type of bone that is present in both the upper and lower limbs: -carpals -tarsals -metacarpals -phalanges

phalanges

All of the following are types of bones in the skeleton except: -short bones -regular bones -irregular bones -sesamoid bones

regular bones

If you were explaining the shapes of the various types of bones, which of the following would you include in your explanation? -short bones have a cylinder-like shape -sesamoid bones are small and round -long bones are thin and round -flat bones are flattened and round

sesamoid bones are small and round

what is the primary role of arches of the foot? -shock absorption -toe protection -posture -ankle protection

shock absorption

which of the following lists the auditory ossicles, from inner to outer? -stapes, malleus, incus -incus, mallecus, stapes -stapes, incus, malleus -malleus, incus, stapes

stapes, incus, malleus

Which of the following is a flat bone? -patella -ulna -femur -sternum

sternum

intervertebral discs are fibrocartilaginous pads that connect the vertebrae, also known as: -symphyses -synarthroses -synovial joints -syndemoses

symphyses

an immobile joint is also known as a _________ joint. -synarthrosis -syndesmosis -synovial -symphysis

synarthrosis

A ________ is a joint where a ligament connects two bones, allowing for a little movement. -symphysis -synovial -syndesmosis -synarthrosis

syndesmosis

Which of the following is a difference between syndesmosis and symphyses? -syndesmoses are cartilaginous joints, whereas symphyses are fibrous joints -syndesmoses are fibrous joints, whereas symphyses are cartilaginous joints -syndesmoses allow for slight movement, whereas symphyses allow for no movement -syndesmosis allow for full movement, whereas symphyses allow for slight movement

syndesomses are fibrous joints, whereas symphyses are cartilaginous joints

if you were explaining the structure of synovial joints to a friend, which of the following might you say? -synovial joints consist of fibrocartilaginous pads that connect two bones, allowing for some movement -synovial joints are characterized by the presence of an articular capsule between the two joined bones, often supported by surrounding ligaments -synovial joints are immoveable fibrous joints that occur only in the skull -synovial joints occur when ligaments connect two bones, allowing for a little movement

synovial joints are characterized by the presence of an articular capsule between the two joined bones, often supported by surrounding ligaments

Which of the following are short bones? -metatarsals -cranial bones -tarsals -ribs

tarsals

if you were giving an oral report on the facial skeleton, which of the following details would you likely include? -the maxillae are the largest facial bones -the 14 bones of the facial skeleton form the entrances to the respiratory and digestive tracts -all of the bones in the facial skeleton are paired -the facial bones are the occipital, parietal, temporal, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones

the 14 bones of the facial skeleton form the entrances to the respiratory and digestive tracts

if your instructor asked you to list the ligaments that stabilize the knee joint, you should include all of the following except: -the annular ligament -the posterior cruciate ligament -the anterior cruciate ligament -the collateral ligaments

the annular ligament

All of the following are part of the axial skeleton except: -the vertebral column -the arm -the thoracic cage -the skull

the arm

if you were explaining the atlas to a friend, you might include all of the following points except: -the atlas is the second of the cervical vertebrae -unlike other vertebrae, the atlas does not a body or spinous process -the atlas has four synovial articulations allowing for gliding, moving, in an anteroposterior direction, and rotation -the atlas is in the first of the cervical vertebrae

the atlas is the second of the cervical vertebrae

All of the following are long bones except: -the carpals -the metacarpals -the humerus -the phalanges

the carpals

the humerus articulates with all of the following except: -the ulna -the glenoid cavity of the scapula -the clavicle -the radius

the clavicle

All of the following are part of the pelvic girdle except: -the pubis -the coccyx -the ischium -the ilium

the coccyx

which of the following is a muscle of the shoulder girdle? -the coracobrachialis -the intercostals -the biceps brachii -the triceps brachii

the coracobrachialis

If you were explaining how the various types of bones provide protection to other body structures, your explanation might include all of the following except: -the cranial bones are sesamoid bones that protect the brain -the patellae are sesamoid bones that protect tendons by helping them overcome compressive forces -the ribs are flat bones that protect the heart and lungs -the vertebrae are irregular bones that protect the spinal cord from compressive forces

the cranial bones are sesamoid bones that protect the brain

all of the following are synovial joints except: -the atlanta-axial joints -the distal joints between the tibia and fibula -the hip joint -the elbow joint

the distal joints between the tibia and fibula

which of the following accurately compares the male and female pelvis? -the female pelvis is deeper than the male pelvis -the female has a public arch angle of less than 90 degrees, whereas the male has a pubic arch of more than 90 degrees -the female pelvis has a smaller pelvic brim and a narrower pelvic outlet than that of the make pelvis -the female pelvic brim is larger and wider than the male pelvis brim

the female pelvis is deeper than the male pelvis

how does the female's thoracic cage differ from that of the male? -the female's thoracic cage has a greater capacity, and the sternum is wider and lower -the female's thoracic cage has a lesser capacity, and the sternum is shorter and higher -the female's thoracic cage is shorter and higher, but has the same capacity -the female's thoracic cage has a greater capacity, and the sternum is longer and lower

the female's thoracic cage gas a lesser capacity, and the sternum is shorter and higher

All of the following are foramina of the skull except: -the foramen lacerum -the foramen minimal -the foremen magmum -the hypoglossal canal

the foramen minimal

All of the following are key landmarks of the temporal bone except: -the styloid process -the external auditory meatus -the mandibular fossa -the foramen ovale

the foramen ovale

if you were explaining the purpose of the foramina of the skull to a friend, which of the following would you likely include in your explanation? -the foramina are fibrous membranes that allow the skull to enlarge to accommodate the growing brain -the foramina are immobile joints where cranial bones are connected with dense fibrous tissue -the foramina are immobile joints where cranial bones are connected with dense fibrous tissue

the foramina are holes that allow for the passage of blood vessels, nerves, and the spinal cord

the clavicle articulates with all of the following except: -the humerus -the acromion of the scapula -the cartilage of the first rib -the manubrium of the sternum

the humerus

The vertebral column consists of all of the following except: -the coccyx -the sacrum -the hyoid -24 vertebrae

the hyoid

as people age, degeneration of the articular cartilage is most common in all of the following joints except: -the intervertebral joints -the knee joint -the elbow joint -the shoulder joint

the intervertebral joints

which of the following is an example of a synchrondosis joint? -the fibrous joints that occur only in the skull -the fibrous articulations between the teeth and the mandible -the distal joint between the tibula and fibula -the joint between the first pair of the ribs and the sternum

the joint between the first pair of ribs and the sternum

all of the following are bones of the lower limbs except: -the metacarpals -the patella -the tarsals -the fibula

the metacarpals

if you were explaining sutures to a friend who is unfamiliar with this type of joint, you should include all of the following points except: -sutures are strong and fracture-resistant -the most prominent suture is the joint connecting the mandible to the temporal bone -sutures are nonmoving joints -sutures have serrated edges that lock together with fibers of connective tissue

the most prominent suture is the joint connecting the mandible to the temporal bone

all of the following are part of the appendicular skeleton except: -the pelvic girdle -the legs -the shoulder girdle -the neck

the neck

which of the following is a difference between the shoulder girdle and the pelvic girdle? -the pelvic girdles is rigid whereas the shoulder girdle is light and capable of great mobility -the shoulder girdle connects to the axial skeleton, whereas the pelvic girdles do not -the pelvic girdle connects to the axial skeleton, whereas the shoulder girdle does not -the shoulder girdle is rigid, whereas the pelvic girdle is light and capable of great mobility

the pelvic girdle is rigid, whereas the shoulder girdle is light and capable of greta mobility

Which of the following accurately compares the ulna and radius? -the radius provides rotational movement of the forearm, whereas the ulna provides flexion of the forearm -the radius is smaller and thinner than the ulna -the radius is located on the medial side of the forearm, whereas the ulna is located on the lateral side -the radius provides flexion of the forearm, whereas the ulna provides rotational movement of the forearm

the radius is smaller and thinner than the ulna

all of the following are similarities between the radius in the forum and the fibula in the leg except: -the radius is the smaller bone in the forearm, and the fibula is the smaller bone in the leg -the radius is the longest bone in the arm, and the fibula is the longest bone in the leg -both run parallel to another bone, the ulna in the arm and the tibula in the leg -the radius is the lateral bone in the forearm, and the fibula is the lateral bone in the leg

the radius is the longest bone in the arm, and the fibula is the longest bone in the leg

which of the following is a way that joints can be classified? -the number of bones connected -the location in the body -the shape of movement provided -the range of movement provided

the range of movement provided

if you were explaining the location of the skull cultures to a friend, you would likely include all of the following except: -the lambdoid suture is between the occipital and parietal bones -the sagittal suture is between the temporal and parietal bones -the coronal suture is between the frontal and parietal bones -the squamous sutures are between the temporal and parietal bones

the sagittal suture is between the temporal and parietal bones

if you were to explain why the skeletal muscles play an important role in bone stabilization in the shoulder girdle, which of the following you likely say? -the shoulder girdle's only connection with the rest of the skeleton is between the clavicle and manubrium, so it relies on muscles to support and position it correctly -although the shoulder girdle connects with the sternum and humerus, most of its support and positioning comes from the muscles -although the shoulder girdle connects with the sternum and several ribs, most of its support and positioning comes from the muscles -the shoulder girdle does not have any skeletal connections, so it relies solely on muscles to support and position it correctly

the shoulder girdle's only connection with the rest of the skeleton is between the clavicle and manubrium, so it relies on muscles to support and position it correctly

if your instructor asked you to explain why thumbs are opposable, which of the following might you say? -the thumb's hinge joint let it cross over the palm, making it opposable -the thumb's ball-and-socket joint lets it rotate 360 degrees, making it opposable -the thumb's gliding joint lets it move side to side, making it opposable -the thumb's saddle joint lets it cross over the palm, making it opposable

the thumb's saddle joint lets it cross over the palm, making it opposable

if you were giving an oral report on the arches of the foot, you would include all of the following points except: -the transverse arch help distribute body weight from side to side within the foot, thus allowing it to accommodate uneven terrain -the longitudinal arch runs from the calcaneus to the heads of the metatarsals -the transverse arch runs from the calcaneus to the heads of the metatarsals -the longitudinal arch has a medial and lateral part

the transverse arch run from the calcaneus to the heads of the metatarsals

if your instructor asked you to list the distal and proximal carpal bones, which of the following would be an accurate list: -the trapezoid, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate are distal carpal bones, whereas scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform, and proximal carpal bones -the scaphoid, trapezoid, capitate, and triquetral are distal carpal bones, whereas the trapezium, hamate, lunate, and pisiform are proximal carpal bones -the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate are proximal carpal bones, whereas the scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform are distal carpal bones -the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate are distal carpal bones, whereas the scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform are proximal carpal bones

the trapezoid, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate are distal carpal bones, whereas scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform, and proximal carpal bones

All of the following are tarsal bones except: -the triquental -the calcaneus -the navicular -the cuboid

the triquentral

if your instructor asked you to compare the structure of the upper and lower extremities, which of the following might you say? -there are no similarities in the structures of the upper and lower extremities -the upper and lower extremities have a similar structure, with a large bone articulating with two smaller bones via a joint -both the upper and lower extremities are divided into four regions -both the upper and lower extremities are divided into two regions

the upper and lower extremities have a similar structure, with a large bone articulating with two smaller bones via a joint

If a friend asked you to explain the functions of specific flat bones, your explanation might include all of the following except:

the vertebrae protect the spinal cord

if your friend asked you to explain the ligaments of the spine that support and reinforce the joints of the vertebral column, your explanation might include all of the following points except: -the vertebrae bodies are connected by anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments -the atlanto-occipital membranes, the alar ligaments, the transverse ligament of the atlas, and the tectorial membranes reinforce the craniovertebral joints -the vertebral bodies are connected by the alar ligaments and the transverse ligament of the atlas -the vertebral arches are connected by the ligamenta flava, the interspinous ligaments, the supraspinous ligament, the nuchal ligament, and the intertransverse ligament

the vertebral bodies are connected by the alar ligaments and transverse ligament of the atlas

which of the following is a similarity between the carpal joints and the tarsal joints? -they are both hinge joints -they are both pivot joints -they are both gliding joints -they are both immovable joints

they are both gliding joints

If you were discussing the characteristics of sesamoid bones, which of the following would you include in your discussion? -they are approximately equal in length, width, and thickness -they develop inside tendons -they have complex shapes -their primary function is maintaining balance

they develop inside tendons

which of the following is the function of osteocytes? -to maintain bone tissue structure and sense bone health -to break down bone matrix -to synthesize bone matrix -to divide into multiple bone cells

to maintain bone tissue structure and sense bone health

all of the following are components of an osteon except: -lamallae -trabeculae -lacunae -canaliculi

trabeculae

Ribs 1-7 are called _____ because they articulate directly to the sternum. -false -secondary -true -vertebrochondral

true

Which of the following bones varies in shape and structure? -cranial -carpals -vertebrae -ribs

vertebrae

which of the following statements accurately compares yellow and red bone marrow? -yellow bone marrow consists mostly of fat, whereas red bone marrow contains blood cells -red bone marrow consists mostly of fat, whereas yellow bone marrow contains blood cells

yellow bone marrow consists mostly of fat, whereas red bone marrow contains blood cells